5. (Prof. JW Lee) Genetic circuit engineering and cell-free synthetic biology for molecular diagnosis and genetic part prototyping A. Compare and contrast 'toggle' vs 'deadman' switches. Discuss application of monostable toggle switch for genetic biocontainment. B. Prof. Lee discussed a CRISPR/Cas12a-based assay coupled with cyanobacteria cell-free systems to rapidly prototype promoter characteristics. His group demonstrated cyanobacteria cell-free transcription and confirmed a positive correlation between the in vitro and in vivo transcription performance. Why was the cell-free system useful for cyabobacteria?
C. They employed an RNA-guided endonuclease, CRISPR/Cas12a which shows trans-cleavage activity toward neighboring random ssDNAs when forming a complex with its CRISPR RNA (crRNA) and the crRNA-complementary ssDNA or dsDNA. Explain how this endonuclease activity is linked with promoter strength in vitro
Answers
A. Toggle vs deadman switches The toggle switch and the deadman switch are two of the most important and distinct switches used in the construction of synthetic genetic circuits, even though both switches offer the same type of logic behavior.
They have a significant difference when it comes to off-switch behavior: A toggle switch is bistable, which means that it remains in the state it was in before it was turned off until it is turned on again. This is because the toggle switch is made up of two transcription factors that compete with each other to regulate the same target gene, causing the gene to remain in the same state even if one of the transcription factors is turned off.
The deadman switch, on the other hand, is monostable, which means that it reverts to its original state when the input signal is removed. This is accomplished by using a transcription factor that activates gene expression when it is present, but the gene expression is turned off when the input signal is removed. The switch returns to the off state in this situation. Application of monostable toggle switch for genetic biocontainment The monostable toggle switch is an essential genetic tool for biocontainment since it only expresses its gene of interest in the presence of a specific inducer, which is an important feature for making synthetic organisms safer to use. Furthermore, a self-activating switch, which only requires a small amount of input signal to express a gene of interest, can be engineered to make the circuit even more responsive to external stimuli.
When the CRISPR/Cas12a complex is present in vitro and is directed to bind to a promoter region of a gene, it cleaves the promoter DNA, preventing transcription from occurring. This allows them to observe the strength of a promoter in vitro.
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Related Questions
phenylketonuria (pku) is a recessive human disorder in which an individual cannot appropriately break down the amino acid phenylalanine. this amino acid is not naturally produced by humans. which of the following treatments would be most effective for people with pku?
Answers
following the diet which strictly avoid the intake of phenylalanine will be the best treatment for phenylketonuria (pku) disorder
When a person with phenylketonuria (PKU) consumes foods high in protein or consumes aspartame, an artificial sweetener, a hazardous accumulation of phenylalanine can occur. Long-term health issues may result from this. Although PKU cannot be cured, early diagnosis and treatment can help avoid serious health issues as well as intellectual disability and other limits in one's capacity for thinking, understanding, and communication.
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As Darwin sailed around South America, he had opportunity to compare the ____________ of the grasslands with the animals commonly found in the grasslands of England.
Answers
Answer:
Patagonian hares
Explanation:
what would be a gene of the white blood cell that is turned on
Answers
Answer:
The DNA triggers other white blood cells to release proteins known as type 1 interferons, which help our bodies fight viruses and some bacteria.
Explanation:
Please give the brainliest, really appreciated.
Please help meeeeeee
Answers
Answer:
polar
Explanation:
Name the parts of the atoms. Include the charge, mass, and location of each.
Answers
the charge to proton is large with positive charge.
the charge to neutron is large with no charge
the charge to electron is small with negative charge
Please do everything in the picture below.
Answers
I wrote the answer in the photo.
The biological levels of organization range from a single organelle all the way up to the biosphere in a highly structured hierarchy. Your lab partner is struggling to understand the interaction between the levels in the biological hierarchy. Using the model, what explanations can your offer to help your classmate? choose all that apply.
Answers
Organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms, populations, communities, ecosystems, and biosphere, in that sequence, are the elaborated levels.
An ecosystem is a place where several types of living things coexist to create a bubble of life, including plants, animals, and other species. Ecosystems are made up of both biotic (or alive) and abiotic (or nonliving) components. Plants, animals, and other living things are considered biotic factors. Rocks, temperature, and humidity are examples of abiotic variables. In an ecosystem, every component is dependent on every other component, either directly or indirectly. For example, a change in ecosystem temperature frequently affects the types of plants that may flourish there. Animals that rely on plants for food and shelter will have to shift to accommodate the new conditions.
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Drag each word or phrase into the correct location to tell if it describes coconut coir logs,
jetties, or both. (2 points)
jetties
:: biodegradable
coconut coir logs
:: allow for plant growth
shoreline structures
both
:: can be built farther out into ocean
::protect shorelines
Answers
Sediment control items created from organic, natural coconut are called coir logs or coir wattles. Since vegetation's roots help to stabilize the soil, this is crucial for erosion control.
How does erosion happen?In order for dirt to be exposed the strong winds, heavy rains, and rushing water, it must be covered. Sometimes, human activities—particularly farming and clearing land—leave soil susceptible to erosion.
What harms result from erosion?If the site is unsuitable for construction and urban developments cross existing drainage systems, they may severely exacerbate soil erosion. The natural drainage of the environment is impeded by mining and exploration activities, which can result in streams becoming eroded and silted.
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Relaciona cada acontecimiento del ciclo cardíaco con alguno de estos términos diástole, sístole auricular o sistole ventricular
Answers
Answer:
El ciclo cardíaco consta de dos períodos i. mi. diástole y sístole.
Explicación:
El ciclo cardíaco consta de dos períodos i. mi. La diástole es aquella durante la cual el músculo cardíaco se relaja y se llena de sangre, mientras que la sístole es un período de contracción y bombeo de sangre. La diástole ventricular es el momento en el que las dos cámaras inferiores del corazón conocidas como ventrículos se relajan para permitir que la sangre fluya hacia adentro. La diástole auricular es el momento en que las dos cámaras superiores del corazón llamadas aurículas se relajan y permiten que la sangre fluya en.
In the beginning of an experiment, there are 10 bacteria. Suppose the rate of growth is proportional to the number of bacteria. After one hour, the number of bacteria increase to 20. Suppose P(t) is the number of bacteria present at time t. Try to find P(t).
Answers
In this experiment, the rate of bacterial growth is proportional to the number of bacteria present. We can use this information to find an equation that describes the number of bacteria at any given time.
Let's start by assigning variables. Let P(t) represent the number of bacteria at time t. We know that at the beginning of the experiment, there are 10 bacteria, so we can write this as P(0) = 10.
We are given that after one hour, the number of into 20. This means that after one hour, P(1) = 20.
Since the rate of growth is proportional to the number of bacteria, we can write this relationship as a differential equation: dP/dt = kP, where k is the proportionality constant.
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Dandelion and sycamore seeds are dispersed (carried away) by the wind. Explain how each one is adapted to be carried by the wind.
Answers
Dandelion and sycamore seeds are both adapted to be dispersed by the wind. The following are explanations of how each one is adapted:
Dandelion seeds: Dandelion seeds are small and light, with feathery bristles known as pappus, which help them to float easily in the wind. The pappus is attached to the seed and acts as a parachute, increasing the surface area of the seed and slowing its descent. This adaptation allows dandelion seeds to travel long distances in the wind, increasing their chances of finding a suitable environment for growth.
Sycamore seeds: Sycamore seeds have a unique structure that allows them to spin as they fall, known as a "whirlybird" or "helicopter." The seed is attached to a wing-like structure, which is angled in such a way that when it falls, it spins rapidly, generating lift and slowing its descent. This adaptation allows sycamore seeds to travel farther and increases their chances of landing in a suitable environment for germination.
In summary, both dandelion and sycamore seeds have adaptations that make them light and easy to carry by the wind. Dandelion seeds have feathery bristles that act as a parachute, while sycamore seeds have a "whirlybird" structure that generates lift and slows their descent. These adaptations allow both types of seeds to be dispersed over long distances, increasing their chances of finding suitable environments for growth and reproduction.
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Pili are made of the protein _____. Pilin
keratin
actin
myosin
Answers
Pili are made of the protein pilin, which is the first option, as pili are short, hair-like appendages that extend from the surface of some bacteria. These structures are primarily composed of the protein pilin, which forms a helical filament that gives the pili their characteristic shape.
The function of pili varies depending on the type of pili and the bacterial species that produce them. Some pili are involved in bacterial adhesion, allowing bacteria to attach to surfaces such as host cells or environmental substrates. Other pili are involved in bacterial motility, allowing bacteria to move around in their environment. Pili can also play a role in bacterial conjugation, which is the transfer of genetic material from one bacterial cell to another. The structure and composition of pili can vary depending on the bacterial species and the function of the pili.
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Which of the following would be recruited later in muscle stimulation when the contractile strength increases?
a) motor units with the longest fibers
b) many small motor units with the ability to stimulate other motor units
c) large motor units with small, highly excitable neurons
d) motor units with large, less excitable neurons
Answers
Later during muscle stimulation, when the contractile strength rises, motor units with large, less excitable neurons would be recruited. Hence (d) is the correct option.
This is so because the size and quantity of motor units affect how strongly a muscle contraction occurs. Motor unit recruitment can be defined as "the successive activation of the same and additional motor units with increasing strength of voluntary muscle contraction." Stronger muscular contractions are brought about by increased intensity and frequency, but these factors also cause a faster drop in force and a faster onset of muscle exhaustion. Treppe, a state of increased tension where muscle contractions are more effective. Another name for it is the "staircase effect.
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Assignment
Now it is your turn! Remember this is an Earth Science class so the observation needs to be related to Earth Science. If you cannot think of an observation on your own you could rewatch the Process of Science video and make observations about one of the craters mentioned in that video. Other ideas include: the dinosaurs became extinct at the end of the Cretaceous (65 million years ago); tornadoes are more frequent in Spring; or hurricanes only occur in Summer and Fall.
Step 1. Make an observation. What is your observation?
Step 2. Ask a question. What is your question?
Step 3. Hypothesize about a potential answer or explanation. What is your hypothesis? Remember it needs to explain or potentially answer your question in detail.
Step 4. Make a prediction if our hypothesis is correct. What is your prediction?
Step 5. Design an experiment or study that will test your prediction. Give some details of an experiment or study that could test your prediction and hypothesis.
Step 6. Test the prediction. You do not need to complete this step, but continue on to Step 7.
Step 7. Iterate. Do you think you will need to iterate? Even if you think your hypothesis is likely to be correct is there any room for refinement of your hypothesis? Write a sentence explaining whether your hypothesis will need to be corrected or refined.
Answers
Step 1. Observation: There are more hurricanes in the summer and fall.Step 2. Question: Why do hurricanes only occur in the summer and fall? Step 3. Hypothesis: Hurricanes only occur in the summer and fall because of the high sea surface temperatures that cause a convection current and create the necessary wind conditions for hurricane formation.
Step 4. Prediction: If hurricanes only occur in the summer and fall because of the high sea surface temperatures and wind conditions created by a convection current, then we would expect to see more hurricanes in areas with warm water temperatures during the summer and fall seasons.
Step 5. Experiment: To test this prediction, researchers could compare sea surface temperatures and hurricane frequency data for various regions in different seasons. They could also monitor hurricane formation and intensity in regions with varying water temperatures throughout the year.
If the data show a correlation between warm sea surface temperatures and hurricane frequency in the summer and fall, it would support the hypothesis that hurricanes only occur during these seasons due to the necessary convection currents and wind conditions.
Step 6. Testing the prediction: Collect the data and analyze it. See if the data supports or disproves the hypothesis. If the data supports the hypothesis, then it provides evidence that hurricanes only occur in the summer and fall due to the necessary convection currents and wind conditions created by warm sea surface temperatures.Step 7. Iteration:
While the hypothesis provides a plausible explanation for why hurricanes only occur in the summer and fall, it is important to note that there are many other factors that can influence hurricane formation and intensity, such as wind shear and atmospheric pressure. Therefore, the hypothesis may need to be refined as more research is conducted.
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what is the equation for photosynthesis?
Answers
Answer:
6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2
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6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2.under which of the following conditions will photosynthesis be occurring? choose all that apply. question 9 options: a) animal in the light b) plant in the light c) animal in the dark d) plant in the dark e) none of the above
Answers
The correct option is option b plant in the sunlight will undergo the process of photosynthesis to synthesize its food.
Phtotsynthesis is the method by which green plants and some other organisms create food from carbon dioxide and water using sunshine. In most cases, the green pigment chlorophyll is used in photosynthesis in plants, which produces oxygen as a byproduct.
Option a and c are incorrect as the process is only carried out by plants and not animals.
Option b is the correct answer as the plant that has been kept in the light will recieve sufficient amount of sunlight which is a major requirement for the process to occur.
Option d is incorect as the plant in dark will not get the sunlight to carry out the process.
The correct option is option b.
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What is the gravitational constant on earth?
______________ m/s²
Answers
Answer:
9.807 m/s²
Explanation:
Hope this helps!
Answer:
9.807 m/s²
Explanation:
As a star ages, the core becomes unstable and contracts. The outer shell of the star, which is still mostly hydrogen, starts to expand and as that expansion occurs, it cools. What color is this cool, aged star, and what is it called?
A blue giant
B red giant
C white giant
D white dwarf
Answers
B. red giant is the right answer. A red giant is a cold, old star that is still primarily made of hydrogen after its core has contracted and its outer shell has expanded.
When do the outer layers of a star begin to expand?A medium-sized star enters the red giant phase, where its outer layers keep expanding while the core shrinks inward and carbon is formed by the fusion of helium atoms in the core.
When does a star's core no longer contain any hydrogen?As a star's core is exhausted of hydrogen, leaving only helium, and the star is unable to maintain equilibrium, the outward force created by fusion begins to decrease.
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You are studying the amino acid sequence of a protein shared by four organisms. You
want to know which organism is most closely related to organism A. You have data
that shows the number of amino acid differences between organism A and each of
the other organisms. Study the data in the chart and use it to answer the question.
Which organism does this data suggest is most closely related to organism A?
A)Organism C
B)Organism D
C)Organism B
Answers
Answer:
C. orgasm D
Explanation:
because the less number of difference the more closely related it is to organism A
T/F: benzodiazepine sedative-hypnotics generally have a higher margin of overdose safety than other drugs in this depressant category.
Answers
The statement is false that benzodiazepine sedative-hypnotics generally have a higher margin of overdose safety than other drugs in this depressant category.
Misleading. While benzodiazepine narcotic hypnotics are viewed as somewhat protected in glut contrasted with other depressant medications, they actually can possibly be hazardous and can cause critical respiratory sadness, particularly when joined with different medications or liquor. As a matter of fact, benzodiazepine excess can be hazardous and require clinical mediation, particularly in the event that a high portion is taken or then again in the event that different medications or liquor are involved. It is critical to consume these medications just as recommended by a medical services supplier and to try not to consolidate them with different substances that can build their belongings.
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Which statement describes a benefit of desalination technology?
A. The salty residue of desalination can create dead spots.
B. The desalination process converts ocean water to freshwater.
C. Desalination plants are expensive to build and maintain.
D. The desalination process uses a lot of energy.
Answers
Answer:
B is the correct answer
Desalination is the removal of salt from the water effluents. It is beneficial to use as it converts ocean water into freshwater.
What is the Desalination method?Desalination is a method that eliminates salt and other excessive minerals from the brackish or the seawater effluent. The salinity of the oceans and seas can be removed by treating them with the process.
The conversion of the saline water from oceans into freshwater will increase the availability of fresh water that can be consumed and used for various purposes.
The process of desalination includes reverse osmosis and distillation that converts the saline water into fresh water.
Therefore, option B. desalination converts ocean water into fresh water.
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the difference between mitosis and meiosis
Answers
Hope this above pictures may helps you.
Which molecule is needed for photosynthesis to occur?
glucose
oxygen
carbon dioxide
nitrogen
Answers
Carbon dioxide is what the trees use for in order for us to breath
Nitrogen theres not a lot left its at 1% or less so the only reasonable answer is
Oxygen
Answer:
The answer is Carbon Dioxide/co2
Explanation:
For a clearer response, carbon dioxide is one of the substances needed for the process of photosynthesis. Oxygen is not essential because that molecule is what is being released. Glucose is the molecule being produced.
Which are examples of environmental changes that can influence natural selection?
predators
predators
availability of water
availability of water
temperature
temperature
height of legs
height of legs
fur
fur
natural disaster
natural disaster
color of body
color of body
size of body
size of body
size of beak
Answers
Answer:
availability of water
temperature
natural disaster
Two countries are the same, except one is poorer. Assuming the traditional assumption about the production function is made there are Group of answer choices increasing returns to capital so the poor country grows faster. diminishing returns to capital so the poor country grows slower. increasing returns to capital so the poor country grows slower. diminishing returns to capital so the poor country grows faster.
Answers
Assuming the traditional assumption about the production function is made, the answer would be: diminishing returns to capital so the poor country grows faster.
According to the traditional assumption about the production function, countries with lower capital levels tend to experience diminishing returns to capital. This means that as the poor country invests more capital, the marginal productivity of each additional unit of capital decreases over time. On the other hand, the rich country with higher capital levels already operates closer to its production potential, resulting in slower growth due to diminishing returns.
The poor country, starting from a lower initial capital level, has more room for improvement and can experience higher rates of growth as it accumulates more capital. The diminishing returns to capital imply that the impact of additional capital investment is greater for the poor country, leading to faster growth rates compared to the rich country.
Based on the traditional assumption about the production function, the poor country would experience diminishing returns to capital and therefore grow faster. This is because the poor country has more potential for capital accumulation and can benefit from higher marginal productivity gains. However, it is important to note that economic growth is influenced by a complex interplay of various factors, and this simplified assumption does not account for all possible variables.
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Which best explains the relationship between parent rock and soil composition? I will give the brainlest answer
Answers
Answer:
Weathered parent rock determines the number of organisms found in the soil. Weathered parent rock determines the amount of air found in the soil.
Explanation:
can i get brainliest
The animal that says cocorico in france, quiquiriqui in spain, and chicchirichi in italy, says what in america?.
Answers
Answer:
It is called
Explanation:
If you remove one species from the Amazon rainforest, will it fall apart?
Answers
Not necessarily the food chain may change for some animals because they eat that one species.
What would happen if the Amazon rainforest was cut down?Burning away the Amazon would change millions of living species to end and eliminate their habitats.
Many of these flora, fauna, and other forms of life haven't even been same by science yet.
Thus, the food chain may change for some animals because they eat that one species.
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All the goldfish in an aquarium would represent what ecological level? a:biosphere b: community c: ecosystem d:population.
Answers
ecosystem..........
Answer:
Population
because it's not a community because a community contains living and no living things.
it's not a biosphere because it's a biome with all of its consists.
it's not an ecosystem, because an ecosystem represents more than one community.
have a nice day
Help meeeeee answer the question
Answers
Some of the trends include: disease, predator/prey relationships, habitat destruction and degradation, food availability, hunting pressure, and weather conditions. Deer populations are not static; they continuously change in response to many factors.
What is a disease?
In humans, the term "illness" is used to refer to a condition that results in suffering, dysfunction, social issues, or death for the person, as well as person similar to these for those who come into touch with the person. In this broader sense, it can also include isolated symptoms, deviant behaviours, disorders, syndromes, infections, atypical variations in structure and function, and injuries. However, in other contexts and for other purposes, these may be considered distinct categories. People can be influenced by diseases not just physically but also mentally, as acquiring and coping with a sickness can change a person's outlook on life.To know more about diseases, click the link given below:
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