If user-supplied input contains certain characters or SQL injection attempts, it can result in errors or potential data loss. It is important to handle user input securely to prevent such vulnerabilities.
a. The given SQL statement intends to retrieve the data from the authors table where the author's first name is 'john' and the author's last name is 'smith'.
b. Assume the forename and surname fields are being gathered from user-supplied input, and suppose the user responds with: Forename: jo'hn Surname:
The above query will generate an error because the single quote will interfere with the SQL syntax. So, it will not retrieve any data and result in an error.
The error could be something like: ERROR: Unclosed quotation mark after the character string 'john'.c. Now suppose the user responds with: Forename: jo'; drop table authors--Surname: smith
The given input will exploit a SQL Injection attack. SQL Injection is a hacking technique that uses a vulnerability in the application's software to execute malicious code. In this case, if the user inputs jo'; drop table authors-- in the forename and smith in surname, then it can lead to data loss.
The SQL command will look like this: SELECT id, forename, surname FROM authors WHERE forename = 'jo'; drop table authors--' AND surname = 'smith';This query will drop the authors table, and all the data from the table will be lost.
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What is the meaning of beauty and completeness? In relation to these what are the attributes a Muslim should adopt?
ᴄᴏᴍᴘʟᴇᴛᴇɴᴇꜱꜱ ᴍᴇᴀɴꜱ ᴛʜᴇ ꜱᴛᴀᴛᴇ ᴏꜰ ʙᴇɪɴɢ ᴄᴏᴍᴘʟᴇᴛᴇ ᴀɴᴅ ᴇɴᴛɪʀᴇ; ʜᴀᴠɪɴɢ ᴇᴠᴇʀʏᴛʜɪɴɢ ᴛʜᴀᴛ ɪꜱ ɴᴇᴇᴅᴇᴅ.
ʙᴇᴀᴜᴛʏ ᴍᴇᴀɴꜱ combination of qualities, such as shape, colour, or form, that pleases the aesthetic senses, especially the sight.
What are the six steps of engineering ( in order)
Answer:
Hope this helps :)
1. Define/Find the problem.
2. Explore/Research/Collect information.
3. Design the best solution base on your ideas/thoughts.
4. Create the solution.
5. Try the creation, put it to test/work.
6. Make the creation better, modify it.
Also, some additional steps are ...
7. Evaluate the solution, finishing thoughts/ideas.
8. Share your results with other engineers/people, final steps
a dipole of moment p=Qa coul-m is aligned parallel to an electric field along the x axis. The field is non-uniform and varies in magnitude lineary along the x axis with a rate of change dE/dx=K. find the force on the dipole.
Answer:
F = Qa*K
Explanation:
The force on the dipole is expressed as the negative gradient of the potential energy.
Thus;
Force; F = -dU/dx
Now, the potential energy is given as;
U = -pE
So, dU/dx = -pdE/dx
Since F = -dU/dx
Then, F = p*dE/dx
We are given p = Qa
Then;
F = Qa(dE/dx)
We are given that dE/dx = K
Thus;
F = Qa*K
what is a mine headgear
Answer:
The whole lifting system is called the headgear. There are four main parts to a mine's headgear: Part 1: The winch or hoist is in a winding house. This part of the system is used to wind or unwind the steel cable. The hoist is attached to a motor and a control system.
Explanation:
suppose a liquid level from 5.5 to 8.6 m is linearly converted to pneumatic pressure from 3 to 15 psi. what pressure will result from a level of 7.2 m? what level does a pressure of 4.7 psi represent? (linear transfer function, 4 pts)
Pressure will result from a level of h= 7.2m then P = 9.58 psi and P=4.7 psi for h=5.94 m.
The pressure Pon a static liquid level h is
P= p₀ + ρ*g*h
p₀ is the initial pressure , ρ=density , g is the gravity
ΔP= ρ*g*Δh → ΔP/Δh
= density *gravity = ( 15 psi - 3 psi) /( 8.6 m - 5.5 m)
= 12/3.1 psi/m
P = P₁ + ΔP/Δh*(h -h₁)
P₁ = 3 & h₁= 5.5 m when height is 7.2 m
P = 3 psi + 12/3.1 psi/m *(7.2 m -5.5 m) = 9.58 psi
P = 9.58 when height is 7.2 m
P=4.7 psi
4.7 psi = 3 psi + 12/3.1 psi/m *(h -5.5 m)
h = (4.7 psi - 3 psi)/ (12/3.1 psi/m) + 5.5 m = 5.94 m
then P=4.7 psi for h=5.94 m.
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Explain how to properly engage the safety latches on the Stan Design Pit Jack.
The way to properly engage the safety latches on the Stan Design Pit Jack is:
Connect the hydraulic jack.Make sure it is properly lubricated.Ensure that the rolling bridge jack is well fused together.Use the machine.What is the Stan Design Pit Jack?This refers to the machination which makes use of pit jacks to execute tire rotation in a fast lube pit.
We can note that based on the design, this machine is put in the pit of a car and then rolls back and forth and perform their operations on both the front and real axles.
Hence, it is important to note that the safety latches are designed to prevent work accidents and it is important to properly lubricate the parts to prevent damage.
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A discussion of the entry of a space vehicle into the earth's atmosphere after it has completed its mission in space appears in Ch.8. An approximate analysis of the vehicle motion and aerodynamic heating during atmospheric entry assumes an approximate atmospheric model called the exponential atmosphere, where the air density variation with altitude is assumed to be Po where p, is the sea-level density and h is the altitude measured above sea level This equation is only an approximation for the density variation with altitude throughout the whole atmosphere, but its simple form makes it useful for approximate analyses. Using this equation, calculate the density at an altitude of 45 km. Compare your result with the actual value of density from the standand altitude tables. In the preceding equation, assume that T-240 K (a reasonable representation for the value of the temperature between sea level and 45 km. which you can see by scanning down the standard atmosphere table)
A variable increases or declines at a pace proportional to its present value in a relationship described by an exponential function.
The formula for exponential functions is y = a(b)x, where a and b are constants and x is the independent variable. For the specified function; P = (0.99987) ᵃ And is the height in metres. By adding the height to the equation, the altitude at 5000 feet can be computed. But first, we must convert from feet to metres. 1m Equals 12 feet. 5000 feet Equals x metres. x=1524 metres. putting the values in the equation as substitutes; P = (0.99987) ¹⁵²⁴. The provided exponential function yields 0.82atm as the pressure at 500 feet. 0.82 atmospheres are P. In a connection modelled by an exponential function, a variable grows or shrinks according to its present value.
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over time the purchasing power of money
Purchasing can become worse over time as a result of inflation.
The quantity of items or services that one measure of a currency can be utilized to purchase determines the currency's value.
This is due to the possibility that you will purchase less goods or services as a result of price increases. The buying power of a money is another term for it.
Buying or purchasing power, when used in relation to investments, is the credit limit that a client has in relation to the marginable assets that are currently in their brokerage account.
The quantity of products or services that one dollar can currently buy is measured by its buying power.
Inflation gradually lowers a country's currency purchasing power over time.
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give names and average monthly revenue of customers having annual revenue exceeding $20 million. name the column average monthly revenue with a literal (note the underscores). (hint: use division.)
To find the names and average monthly revenue of customers with an annual revenue exceeding $20 million, you would follow these steps:
1. Filter the data to include only customers with annual revenue greater than $20 million.
2. Calculate the average monthly revenue by dividing the annual revenue by 12 (the number of months in a year).
3. Create a new column called 'average_monthly_revenue' to store the calculated values.
4. Retrieve the names and the values from the 'average_monthly_revenue' column for the selected customers.
Your query for a SQL database could look like this:
```sql
SELECT name, (annual_revenue / 12) AS average_monthly_revenue
FROM customers
WHERE annual_revenue > 20000000;
```
This query will return the names and the average monthly revenue of customers having an annual revenue exceeding $20 million, with the column named 'average_monthly_revenue'.
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fraternity house with 40 occupants is considered a Group pancy. a. R-1 c. R-3 Reference b. R-2 d.
A fraternity house with 40 occupants is considered a Group A fraternity house with 40 occupants is considered a Group R-2 occupancy. The correct option is B.
What is a fraternity house?Fraternity and sorority housing in North America primarily refers to the residences or communities where members of these organizations live and socialize. Fraternity and sorority housing can serve as a place to live as well as a place to host social events, meetings, and community-oriented activities.
When there are 40 residents living in a fraternity house, it is referred to as a Group R-2 occupancy. Therefore, based on the information, the correct option is B.
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What is a kind of useful car?
What is the difference between a cost and a benefit?
Answer:
A cost is something you have to give up or sacrifice and a benefit is something that is gained or is helpful.
Explanation:
In a cost-benefit analysis of a system, an engineer is to simply look at the requirements for the system and determine the costs to build the system, both in financial value and energy value. Additionally, the engineer needs to determine the benefits that would come from choosing a particular path of cost. If the benefits outweigh the cost for the project, then the solution is accepted. Else, the cost outweighs the benefit and the solution is rejected.
Calculate the compression resistance of a compound column consisting of UC-305x305x198 with one cover plate
of 350mm x 20mm on each flange and having a length of 5m. assume that bottom of column is fixed and top is
pinned in both x & y axis?
Answer:
350×305π{^ not sure my answer please follow me
When choosing a respirator for your job, you must conduct a _____ test.
A) Fit B) Practice C) Breathing D) Weight?
Answer:
Fit test
Explanation:
it's on the automotive technology sight : )
Technician A says independent shops are not affiliated with vehicle manufacturers, but it is easy for technicians who work in these shops to get manufacturer training on new technologies. Technician B says independent shops are not affiliated with vehicle manufacturers, making it harder for independent technicians to access training on new vehicle technology. Who is correct? Technician A Technician A Both A and B Both A and B Neither A nor B Neither A nor B Technician B Technician B
Answer:
b
Explanation:
i did it yeater dayajsbs
Which of the following was an Enlightenment idea that influenced the Founding Fathers?
Answer:
revolt against what they perceived as unfair British taxation.
Explanation:
Answer: natural laws/ natural rights, liberty, justice, and equality
Explanation:
A load of 2000 lb is to be supported from a construction crane by two vertical steel cables for which the Yield Stress in tension is 70 ksi and the Elastic Modulus is 29,000 ksi. Before the load is applied, cable AB is 60 inches long and cable AC is 60.04 inches long. a. Cable AC has a cross-sectional area of 0.02 in2 . Determine the cross-sectional area of cable AB, if the load is to be shared equally between both cables. b. Determine if either of the cables will yield. If so, which one?
A load of 2000 lb is to be supported from a construction crane by two vertical steel cables for which the Yield Stress in tension is 70 ksi and the Elastic Modulus is 29,000 ksi. Before the load is applied, cable AB is 60 inches long and cable AC is 60.04 inches long. a. Cable AC has a cross-sectional area of 0.02 in2.
Determine the cross-sectional area of cable AB, if the load is to be shared equally between both cables.Solution:Given that load supported by two vertical steel cables = 2000 lbYield Stress in tension = 70 ksiElastic Modulus = 29,000 ksiLength of cable AB before load is applied = 60 inchesLength of cable AC before load is applied = 60.04 inchesCross-sectional area of cable AC = 0.02 in²Formula used:Stress in a cable = (Load on cable) / (Cross-sectional area of cable)Load shared by each cable = 2000/2 = 1000 lbThe stress in both cables will be the same.
Let A be the cross-sectional area of cable AB.The cross-sectional area of cable AC is given by;AC = load on cable / stress in cableAC = 1000 / (70/0.02)AC = 285.71 in²Now, using the same formula for cable AB;AB = load on cable / stress in cableA = 1000 / (70/A)A² = 1000*0.02/70A² = 0.02857A = √0.02857A = 0.169 in²Thus, the cross-sectional area of cable AB is 0.169 in² if the load is to be shared equally between both cables.
b. The stress in cable AB is given by;Stress = load on cable / cross-sectional area of cableStress = 1000 / 0.169Stress = 5917.16 psiSimilarly, the stress in cable AC is given by;Stress = load on cable / cross-sectional area of cableStress = 1000 / 0.02Stress = 50,000 psiThe yield stress for the cables is 70 ksi = 70,000 psi.Cable.Cable AC:Stress = 50,000 psi> 70,000 psi (yield stress)Therefore, cable AC will yield.
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which of the following is a function of a safety device
Answer:
what are the options available?
4. explain why the strength-to-weight ratio of die-cast parts increases with decreasing wall thickness.
Die-casting is a manufacturing process that involves injecting molten metal into a mold cavity under high pressure.
The metal solidifies quickly, taking the shape of the mold, and is then ejected. This process is used to produce a variety of components with intricate shapes and high dimensional accuracy. The strength-to-weight ratio is a crucial factor in the design of such components, as it determines the load-carrying capacity of the part per unit of weight.
The strength-to-weight ratio of a die-cast part increases with decreasing wall thickness because thinner walls require less material, resulting in a lower weight. This reduction in weight is significant because the mechanical properties of a material, such as its tensile strength and elastic modulus, are typically constant regardless of its thickness. Therefore, a thinner die-cast part has a higher strength-to-weight ratio than a thicker one made of the same material.
Additionally, thinner walls increase the surface area-to-volume ratio of the part, which can improve its heat dissipation and reduce its susceptibility to thermal deformation. This is because a higher surface area allows for more efficient transfer of heat from the part to its surroundings. Moreover, thinner walls can also improve the part's ability to withstand dynamic loads, such as vibrations or impacts, due to the reduced inertia and increased damping capacity.
However, decreasing wall thickness beyond a certain point may lead to a reduction in the part's strength. This is because thinner walls are more prone to buckling and deformation under load, and may fail due to stress concentrations or material defects. Therefore, the optimal wall thickness for a die-cast part is determined by a trade-off between its strength-to-weight ratio and its structural integrity.
In summary, the strength-to-weight ratio of a die-cast part increases with decreasing wall thickness due to the reduced weight and improved heat dissipation and dynamic performance. However, the optimal wall thickness should be carefully chosen to balance these benefits with the part's structural integrity and manufacturing feasibility.
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A venture tube is used to measure the flow rate of a liquid in a pipe (liquid density is 800 kg/m3). The pipe has a diameter of 10 cm and the smallest diameter of the venture has a diameter of 4 cm. A manometer with a manometer fluid of mercury (specific weight of 133 kN/m3) is used to calculate the flow rate which is connected to the venture section such that one leg is far upstream and the second leg is at the minimum diameter of the venture tube. If the flow rate is 0.05 m3/s determine the elevation change in the manometer fluid.
a. 14.6 m
b. 9.28 m
c. 4.64 m
d. 2.32 m
Answer:
\(\triangle h=4.935m\)
Explanation:
From the question we are told that:
Liquid density \(\rho=800\)
Diameter of pipe \(d=4cm \approx 0.004m\)
Diameter of venture \(d=10cm \approx 0.010m\)
Specific weight of mercury P_mg \(133 kN/m^3\)
Flow rate \(r=0.05 m^3/s\)
Area A:
\(A_1=\frac{\pi}{4}0.1^2\\A_1=0.00785m^2\\A_2=\frac{\pi}{4}0.04^2\\A_2=0.001256m^2\\\)
Generally the Bernoulli's equation is mathematically given by
\(\frac{P_1}{\rho_1g}+\frac{V_1^2}{2g}=\frac{P_2}{\rho g}+\frac{V_2^2}{2g}\\\)
Where
\(V_1=\frac{r}{A_1} \\\\ &V_1=\frac{r}{A_2}\)
Therefore
\(P_1-P_2=\frac{Pr^2}{2}(\frac{A_1^2-A_2^2}{A_1^2A_2^2})\)
Generally the equation for pressure difference b/w manometer fluid is given as
\(P_1-P_2=(p_mg-pg)\triangle h\)
Therefore
\((p_mg-pg)\triangle h=\frac{Pr^2}{2}(\frac{A_1^2-A_2^2}{A_1^2A_2^2})\)
\(\triangle h=\frac{\frac{Pr^2}{2}(\frac{A_1^2-A_2^2}{A_1^2A_2^2})}{(p_mg-pg)}\)
\(\triangle h=\frac{\frac{(800)(0.05)^2}{2}(\frac{(0.1)^2-(0.4)^2}{(0.1)^2(0.04)^2})}{(1.33*10^3-800*9.81)}\)
\(\triangle h=4.935m\)
Therefore elevation change is mathematically given by
\(\triangle h=4.935m\)
The minimum number of satellites needed for a GPS to determine its position precisely is
a. 2
b. 3
c. 4
d. 24
The minimum number of satellites needed for a GPS to determine its position precisely is 3
What is GPS ?GPS stands for Global Positioning System. It is a satellite-based navigation system that provides location and time information in all weather conditions, anywhere on the planet. GPS works by receiving signals from a network of 24 satellites orbiting the Earth. The signals are processed by a GPS receiver, which then calculates the exact location and time of the user. GPS is used for a wide range of applications such as navigation, surveying, mapping, tracking and timing. It can also be used to determine the speed and direction of travel, and even provide directions to a specific destination.
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Which of the following is false about most machine learning models?
They require numbers or collections of numbers as input.
They are flexible enough to handle all issues you might see in your dataset (lack of data, incorrect data, etc)
They are trained by iteratively adjusting their parameters to minimize a loss function.
Once trained, their model parameters can be used to make new predictions in a process called a “model inference algorithm.”
The false statement about most machine learning models is that: B. they are flexible enough to handle all issues you might see in your dataset (lack of data, incorrect data, etc).
What is machine learning?Machine learning (ML) is also referred to as deep learning or artificial intelligence (AI) and it can be defined as a subfield in computer science which is typically focused on the use of data-driven techniques (methods), computer algorithms, and technologies to develop a smart computer-controlled robot with an ability to automatically perform and manage tasks that are exclusively meant for humans or solved by using human intelligence.
Generally speaking, machine learning models are designed and developed to accept numerical data (numbers) or collections of numerical data (numbers) as an input.
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when is the creep rate constant? when is the creep rate constant? in the tertiary creep regime. never. in the primary creep regime. in the steady state creep regime. in the elastic strain regime.
The creep rate is constant in the steady state creep regime. Option d is answer.
In the steady state creep regime, the creep rate remains constant over time, indicating that the rate of deformation is balanced by the rate of recovery. This is also known as the secondary creep regime. In contrast, the creep rate increases over time in the primary and tertiary creep regimes. In the elastic strain regime, there is no permanent deformation, and therefore no creep.
Overall, understanding the different creep regimes is important in designing materials and structures that can withstand long-term loading at high temperatures and stresses.
Option d is answer.
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What are the top 4 solar inventions, how they are used, and how they are better than the original way of powering them
The UHRS platform is optimized for Edge/Internet Explorer only. You can still use your favorite browser, but keep in mind that you may experience technical issues when working on UHRS with a different browser than Edge or Internet Explorer.
UHRS is optimized for...
It is to be noted that all UHRS platforms are optimized for the popular kinds of internet browser applications.
What is a UHRS?The Universal Human Relevance System (UHRS) is a crowdsourcing platform that allows for data labeling for a variety of AI application situations.
Vendor partners link people referred to as "judges" to offer data labeling at scale for us. All UHRS judges are bound by an NDA, ensuring that data is kept protected.
A browser is a software tool that allows you to see and interact with all of the knowledgeon the World Wide Web. Web sites, movies, and photos are all examples of this.
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How are semiconductors formed? Give examples of semiconductor
materials? Where are they used?
Semiconductors are formed by doping pure semiconductor materials. Examples include silicon, germanium, gallium arsenide, and indium phosphide. They are used in integrated circuits, transistors, solar cells, LEDs, lasers, and sensors, among other applications.
Semiconductors are formed through a process called doping, which involves intentionally adding impurities to a pure semiconductor material. The impurities, known as dopants, can introduce extra electrons (n-type doping) or electron deficiencies called holes (p-type doping) into the semiconductor lattice structure.
Examples of semiconductor materials include:
1. Silicon (Si): Silicon is the most widely used semiconductor material. It is abundant, has a well-developed manufacturing infrastructure, and exhibits good electrical properties for various applications.
2. Germanium (Ge): Germanium was one of the first materials used as a semiconductor. It has similar properties to silicon but is less commonly used in modern applications.
3. Gallium Arsenide (GaAs): Gallium arsenide is a compound semiconductor with superior electronic properties compared to silicon. It is used in high-speed devices such as microwave amplifiers, laser diodes, and solar cells.
4. Indium Phosphide (InP): Indium phosphide is another compound semiconductor that finds applications in telecommunications, fiber-optic networks, and high-frequency electronics.
Semiconductors are used in a wide range of electronic devices and technologies, including:
- Integrated Circuits (ICs): Semiconductors form the foundation of ICs, such as microprocessors, memory chips, and sensors, which are used in computers, smartphones, and various electronic devices.
- Transistors: Transistors, which are fundamental components of electronic circuits, are made using semiconductors. They are used in amplifiers, switches, and digital logic circuits.
- Solar Cells: Semiconductors like silicon and gallium arsenide are used in photovoltaic cells to convert sunlight into electricity.
- Light-Emitting Diodes (LEDs): LEDs use semiconductors to emit light efficiently and are used in displays, lighting, and optoelectronic applications.
- Semiconductor Lasers: Semiconductor lasers are used in telecommunications, optical storage devices, laser printers, and medical equipment.
- Sensors: Semiconductors are employed in various sensors, including temperature sensors, pressure sensors, gas sensors, and image sensors.
These are just a few examples of the widespread use of semiconductors in modern technology. Their unique electrical properties make them versatile for a wide range of applications.
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T/F Residential streets are different from downtown streets because traffic is heavier, the roads are wider, and children always watch out for cars.
Residential streets are different from downtown streets, but the statement provided contains some inaccuracies. Generally, residential streets have lighter traffic compared to downtown streets, which usually experience heavier traffic due to the higher concentration of businesses, public transportation, and pedestrians. So the given statement is false.
In contrast, residential streets have lower traffic volumes as they primarily serve the local residents. Additionally, downtown streets often have wider roads to accommodate the higher traffic demand, whereas residential streets tend to be narrower to create a more comfortable environment for the local community. Wider roads in downtown areas help facilitate the smooth flow of traffic, which includes public transportation and commercial vehicles.
Lastly, it is not accurate to say that children always watch out for cars on residential streets. While children may be more aware of their surroundings in residential areas, it is still crucial for drivers to exercise caution and adhere to speed limits to ensure the safety of all road users, including children. In summary, while there are differences between residential and downtown streets, the statement provided contains inaccuracies and is therefore false.
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 Story : The Souls Of Black Folks
Question : Describe Dubois's view of Oliver Otis Howard and what was the purpose of the Freedmen's Bureau.
In "The Souls of Black Folk," W.E.B. Du Bois discusses his view of Oliver Otis Howard, a prominent Union general during the Civil War and the Commissioner of the Freedmen's Bureau. Du Bois presents Howard as a well-intentioned and genuinely sympathetic figure, but one who is limited by his paternalistic views towards African Americans.
Du Bois criticizes Howard for his belief in the concept of racial uplift through education and moral instruction, which Du Bois argues perpetuated white supremacy and undermined the agency and autonomy of African Americans. Du Bois sees Howard as representative of a broader trend among white reformers who sought to control and shape the lives of Black people while failing to recognize their intellectual and cultural contributions.The purpose of the Freedmen's Bureau, established in 1865, was to assist formerly enslaved African Americans and poor white Southerners in the aftermath of the Civil War. It aimed to provide various forms of support, including education, healthcare, and employment assistance. The Freedmen's Bureau played a significant role in facilitating the transition from slavery to freedom, but it faced many challenges due to insufficient funding, political opposition, and limited resources. Ultimately, Du Bois argues that while the Freedmen's Bureau provided some assistance, it fell short in fully addressing the systemic inequalities and racial discrimination faced by Black Americans.
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what is the answer If peanut butter wasn’t called peanut butter, what would it be called?
Answer:
Peanut paste
Explanation:
Answer:
Crushed creamy peanut sauce
Explanation:
The truth
Consider a 1.5-m-high and 2.4-m-wide double-pane window consisting of two 3-mm-thick layers of glass (k = 0.78 W/m⋅K) separated by a 12-mm-wide stagnant airspace (k = 0.026 W/m⋅K). Determine the steady rate of heat transfer through this double-pane window and the temperature of its inner surface for a day during which the room is maintained at 20°C while the temperature of the outdoors is −5°C. Take the convection heat transfer coefficients on the inner and outer surfaces of the window to be h1 = 10 W/m2⋅K and h2 = 25 W/m2⋅K, respectively, and disregard any heat transfer by radiation.
Answer:
The answer is below
Explanation:
Given:
kg (glass) = 0.78 W/m⋅K, ka (air) = 0.026 W/m⋅K, h1 = 10 W/m2⋅K, h2 = 25 W/m2⋅K, glass length = Lg = 3 mm = 0.003 m, Lo = 3 mm = 0.003 m, La = 12 mm = 0.012 Height = 1.5 m, width = 2.4 m, room temperature = T = 20°C. Therefore:
Total resistance per unit area is given as:
\(R"=\frac{1}{h_1}+\frac{L_g}{k_g}+\frac{L_a}{k_a} +\frac{L_o}{k_g}+\frac{1}{h_2} \\\\R"=\frac{1}{10}+\frac{0.003}{0.78}+\frac{0.012}{0.026} +\frac{0.003}{0.78}+\frac{1}{25} \\\\R"=0.1+0.00385+0.46154+0.00385+0.04\\\\R"=0.60924\ K.m^2/W\)
Area = A = height * width = 1.5 m × 2.4 m = 3.6 m²
The change in temperature = ΔT = 20 °C - (-5 °C) = 25 °C
The rate of heat loss is given as:
\(\dot {Q}=A*\frac{\Delta T}{R"}= 3.6*\frac{25}{0.60924}\\ \\\dot {Q}=147.73\ W\)
The inner surface temperature (Ti) is given as:
\(T_i=T-\frac{\dot {Q}}{A} *\frac{1}{h_1}\\ \\T_i=20-\frac{147.73}{3.6}*\frac{1}{10}=15.9\ ^oC\)