A Eukaryotic cell is a 20-micrometer-across cell.
The general size of eukaryotes is 5-100 micrometers. A eukaryotic cell has a nuclear membrane. It has mitochondria, Golgi bodies, and cell walls. these type of cells also contains locomotory organs such as cilia and flagella. The nucleus has a DNA that carries all the genetic information.
The smallest discovered eukaryotic cell is Ostreococcus Tauri, a free-living unicellular alga that is about 0.8 micrometers while the largest eukaryotic cell can be a neuron that can be as long as 100 centimeters. While most eukaryotes are multicellular organisms, there are some single-cell eukaryotes too which exist in biology.
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Key Questions and Terms Notes
What types of muscles are in the body?
What are muscles?
What's the difference between voluntary muscles and involuntary muscles?
What are the different types of muscle tissue?
How do skeletal muscles work?
What five functions does the skeleton perform?
The backbone is made up of 26 small bones called ___________.
What are the characteristics of bones?
What role do joints play?
What are the two types of joints?
What are ligaments?
What is the role of the nervous system?
Which parts of the body make up the central nervous system?
Name the two main categories of the nervous system.
How do the muscular, skeletal, and nervous systems work together to maintain homeostasis?
What do sensory neurons do?
What do motor neurons do?
Nervous System Video:
Word Bank: brain, instincts, interpreted, organs, reflexes, spinal cord, senses Notes
The central nervous system includes the _______ and _______.
Signals from _______ and the body's _______ are received by the brain and the spinal cord.
Once signals are processed and _______ by the central nervous system, a response is sent back to the body.
A central nervous system is also responsible for programming _______ and _______.
Paraplegic Will Walk Again with Exoskeleton at the World Cup Video:
Key Questions and Terms Notes
What animal did scientists study to create the brain–machine interface?
What does the exoskeleton use to power its movements?
What is the importance of this research?
Answer:
Answer B
Explanation:
Plato
Two parents have eyebrows that are connected (unibrow). This describes their phenotype. The unibrow is a recessive trait. What is their genotype?
nucleus is what? please healp
Answer:
The nucleus is the "brain" of the cell, the organelle responsible for producing ribosomes, as well as controlling all cell actions.
Explanation:
Answer:
A nucleus is a membrane-bound organelle that contains the cell's chromosomes. Pores in the nuclear membrane allow for the passage of molecules in and out of the nucleus.
Explanation:
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Scientists collected data about the relative abundance of birds called barn swallows in the affected area after the Chernobyl disaster. After the disaster, unlike the three organisms shown in the graph, the barn swallows suffered from continued reduced reproductive success over time.
The chart below shows some data about the relative abundance of barn swallows after the Chernobyl disaster. The years are not included in the chart, and the data are not listed in chronological order.
A
it says the swallows had Continued reduced reproductive success over time.
what is the relation between cell cycle disruption and cancer?
I need help!!!?
describe how the structure of an antibody is related to its function in your answer you must clearly link structure and function 7 marks
The structure allows antibody molecules to carry out their dual functions: antigen binding and biological activity mediation.
What are the functions of antibodies?Antibodies are protective proteins produced by your immune system. They attach to antigens (foreign substances) — such as bacteria, fungi, viruses and toxins — and remove them from your body.
Examples of antibody functions include neutralization of infectivity, phagocytosis, antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), and complement-mediated lysis of pathogens or of infected cells.
Antibodies are secreted into the blood and mucosa, where they bind to and inactivate foreign substances such as pathogens and toxins (neutralization). Antibodies activate the complement system to destroy bacterial cells by lysis (punching holes in the cell wall).
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Freckles are recessive. no freckles are dominant. mom heterozygous dad homozygous recessive. possible out come for kids?
The possible outcome for the kids in this scenario is that they will all have freckles. Let me explain why.
When it comes to freckles, the trait for having freckles is recessive, meaning that it is masked or hidden when the dominant trait (no freckles) is present. In this case, the mom is heterozygous, meaning she has one copy of the freckles gene and one copy of the no freckles gene. The dad, on the other hand, is homozygous recessive, meaning he has two copies of the freckles gene.
Since freckles is a recessive trait, in order for a child to have freckles, they must inherit two copies of the freckles gene - one from each parent. In this scenario, all of the possible outcomes for the kids will be that they inherit one copy of the freckles gene from the mom and one copy from the dad, resulting in them having freckles.
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which process could occur in maple trees to decrease the chromosome number in pollen cells from 52 to 26?
Answer:
Meiosis
Explanation:
The process that could occur in maple trees to decrease the chromosome number in pollen cells from 52 to 26 is called meiosis.
Meiosis is a type of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half, resulting in the formation of haploid cells with half the number of chromosomes of the original cell. In meiosis I, the chromosomes are replicated and then lined up in homologous pairs, and then are separated into different nuclei during meiosis II, resulting in four haploid cells, each with half the number of chromosomes as the original cell.
So in the case of maple trees the process of meiosis would reduce the number of chromosomes from 52 to 26 in the pollen cells.
1. How can atoms become molecules ? bec of their electrons
Answer:
When two or more atoms link up, they create a molecule . A molecule of water is made of two atoms of hydrogen (H) and one atom of oxygen (O). The molecular mass is the sum of the masses of all the atoms in the molecule. A collection of molecules is called a compound.
Explanation:
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Researchers can genetically select lettuce crops to cultivate for pest resistance. One of the concerns scientists have about genetically selected crops is that some traits for pest resistance may affect the texture of lettuce.
One of the concerns regarding genetic selection is that some traits for pest resistance may affect the texture of lettuce, it is known as pleiotropic effects.
What is a pleiotropic effect?In genetics, a pleiotropic effect occurs when one gene influences the phenotypic expression of several traits.
Pleitropic effects represent a problem in breeding programs because positive selection for a trait can also produce negative selection for another trait.
In conclusion, one of the concerns regarding genetic selection is the presence of pleiotropic effects.
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10.
The potential energy available in a food chain (A) increases at each link in a
food chain. (B) decreases at each link in a food chain. (C) remains the same
throughout the food chain.
Answer:
B
Explanation:
plants have the most energy animals eat the plant and get less energy
Answer:
(B) Decreases
Explanation:
As the trophic levels (links) go higher and higher, less energy is available. The potential energy keeps getting lower and lower, decreasing.
What is the human female reproductive system is adapted for? A. Production of zygotes in ovaries B. External fertilization of gametes C. Production of milk for a developing embryo D. Transport of oxygen through a placenta to a fetus
Which of the following statements about natural selection is true:
• Individual organisms change over time
•Populations of organisms change over time
•Organisms do not change over time
Answer:
Option 2 (Population of organisms change over time.
substances can move across the plasma membrane in two different ways—actively or passively. this activity will help you determine whether transport mechanisms actively or passively move substances across the membrane.
Active transport is the use of cellular energy to transfer materials across the plasma membrane against a concentration gradient. Contrarily, passive transport is the transfer of chemicals across the plasma membrane along a gradient of concentration without the need for cellular energy.
There are two main strategies to transfer molecules across a membrane, and the difference is related to the usage of cell energy. Active transport needs energy to operate, whereas passive systems like diffusion don't.
Because maintaining exact concentrations of different molecules is essential for cell function, transport across a cell membrane is a process that is highly regulated.. A molecule engages in passive transport when it goes down its concentration gradient; active transport takes energy when it moves up the gradient.
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Based on Energy requirement, The transport Across Plasma Membrane is of two types as Active Transport and Passive Transport.
Active Transport requires energy in the form of Adenosine Triphosphate ( ATP).It is the transport from high concentration to low concentration against the concentration gradient.Active transport is done across plasma membrane by utilizing a Transmembrane protein.It is also known as uphill transport.
Sodium Potassium Pump is an example for Active Transport. In this pump three sodium ions are transported out and two Potassium ions are transported to the inside of the cell. The cell always maintains a high concentration of Potassium ions inside the cell, further transport of K+ require energy in the form of ATP.
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Explain your reasoning and why the evidence supports your claim. Connect the data
back to what you learned about the albedo of sea ice and ocean water and how that
might affect how much of the sun's energy is absorbed.
A higher albedo indicates more reflectivity and a lower albedo indicating less reflectivity.
What is the albedo of sea ice?A surface's reflectivity is measured by its albedo, with a higher albedo indicating greater reflectivity and a lower albedo suggesting decreased reflectivity. The albedo can significantly affect how much solar radiation is absorbed by the surface in the case of sea ice and ocean water.
Due to its high albedo, sea ice reflects a large portion of the sun's incoming radiation back into space.
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The following factors will determine what type of volcano will form. Check all that apply.
The inner and outer surfaces of a cell membrane carry a negative and a positive charge, respectively. Because of these charges, a potential difference of about 0.070 V exists across the membrane. The thickness of the cell membrane is 8.0×10
−9
m. What is the magnitude of the electric field in the membrane?
The magnitude of the electric field in the membrane is 8.75 x 10⁶ V/m.
The magnitude of the electric field in the membrane is 8.75 x 10⁶ V/m.
The given values are:
Thickness of the cell membrane = d = 8.0 x 10⁻⁹ m
Potential difference across the membrane = V = 0.070 V
The electric field E is given by the formula: E = V/d
The magnitude of the electric field in the membrane is 8.75 x 10⁶ V/m.
A cell membrane is made up of two layers of lipid molecules, which are arranged in a specific way that separates the inside and outside of the cell. The inner and outer surfaces of a cell membrane carry a negative and a positive charge, respectively. Because of these charges, a potential difference of about 0.070 V exists across the membrane.
The thickness of the cell membrane is 8.0×10⁻⁹ m. To determine the magnitude of the electric field in the membrane, we use the formula:
E = V/d
where E is the electric field, V is the potential difference, and d is the thickness of the membrane.
Substituting the given values, we get:
E = 0.070 V / 8.0×10⁻¹⁹ m E = 8.75 x 10⁶ V/m
Therefore, the magnitude of the electric field in the membrane is 8.75 x 10⁶ V/m.
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It is necessary for DNA to replicate as the first step in mitosis so both cells would have a copy of the chromosome. T/F
This statement "DNA replication is an essential step in mitosis, which is the process of cell division" is true.
Mitosis occurs in all eukaryotic organisms and is crucial for the growth and development of an organism. During mitosis, the genetic material of a cell is replicated and divided into two identical daughter cells. The process of DNA replication ensures that each daughter cell has an exact copy of the genetic material of the parent cell. Without DNA replication, mitosis cannot occur, and the cells cannot divide and multiply.
Therefore, DNA replication is necessary for the continuity of life. In summary, DNA replication is a vital step in mitosis, as it ensures that both cells produced in the process have an identical copy of the chromosome, and this allows for the successful division and replication of cells in all organisms.
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what is a gene and what is a genome??/
Answer:
A gene is the basic physical and functional unit of heredity, A genome is an organism's complete set of DNA, including all of its genes.
Explanation:
What is a function that proteins DO NOT do in the body?
A. Help chemical reactions
B. Create insulation
C. Build tissues and muscles
D. Transport molecules in and out of a cell
Answer:
a
Explanation:
Which of the following is released during cellular respiration?
Carbon dioxide
Glucose
Mitochondria
Oxygen
Answer:
carbon dioxide ( CO2 ) is released during cellular respiration
Answer:
Carbon dioxide
Explanation:
What is mercury bioaccumulation? What are the main issues with that type of bioaccumulation?what organisms does it affect? What are the causes? What could humans do to prevent it?
Bioaccumulation is the total accumulation of certain chemicals/contaminants in an organism, coming from diverse sources such as water, air, and diet. Therefore the case of mercury occurs when mercury is accumulated in an organism, for example, fish. The most common pathway for this to happen is through the food chain, nonetheless can occur through abiotic means, an example is in fish, where methylmercury is acquired through the gills.
When methylmercury is absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract & enters the bloodstream and goes rapidly to other parts of the body.
Mercury is a persistent substance, which can bioaccumulate, in living organisms, inflicting increasing levels of harm on higher-order species such as predatory fish and fish-eating birds and mammals through a process known as "biomagnification"
The release of processed mercury can lead to a progressive increase in the amount of atmospheric mercury, which enters the atmospheric-soil-water distribution cycles where it can remain in circulation for years. Mercury poisoning is the result of exposure to mercury or mercury compounds resulting in various toxic effects depending on its chemical form and route of exposure.
The major route of human exposure to methylmercury (MeHg) is largely through eating contaminated fish, seafood, and wildlife that have been exposed to mercury through the ingestion of contaminated lower organisms.
King mackerel, marlin, orange roughy, shark, swordfish, tilefish, ahi tuna, and all contain high levels of mercury.
Human activity is the main cause of mercury release, especially coal-fired power stations, residential coal burning for heating and cooking, industrial processes, waste incinerators, and as a result of mining for mercury, gold, and other metals.
Reducing consumption of raw materials and products generating mercury releases
Substitution by non-mercury alternativesEnd-of-pipe techniquesWaste managementWhat is the best overall approach to reducing emissions?What further research and information are needed?National initiativesRegional and international initiativesTo learn more about mercury bioaccumulation visit,
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How do the populations in a community depend on each other? Explain your reasoning.
Populations in a community depend on each other in various ways, including through mutualistic, competitive, and predatory interactions, and through their reliance on shared resources and environmental conditions.
What are populations and communities?A community is an organization or grouping of populations of two or more different species occupying the same geographical region and at a specific period.
A population is defined as a group of interbreeding individuals of the same species that are isolated from other groups.
Individuals make up a population, populations make up a species, interactions between species create a community, and when abiotic factors are taken into account, interactions between numerous species create ecosystems.
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which of these statements is true about plant and animal cells during the process of cell division
Answer: Plant cells develop a cell plate while animal cells develop a cleavage furrow
Explanation:
which part of the phospholipid is found inside the membrane away from water?
The phosphate heads of phospholipids face the external watery side, while the fatty acid tails face within, away from water.
Phospholipids are lipids with phosphate groups and are a crucial part of cell membranes. The hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tail make up phospholipids.
The phospholipid is simply a triglyceride in which a phosphate group of some kind has been added in place of a fatty acid. A phospholipid's long fatty acid chains are nonpolar and avoid water because they are insoluble in it.
The phosphate group is located in the "head" of the molecule, which is hydrophilic and will dissolve in water. Two hydrophobic fatty acids make comprise the molecule's "tail," which prevents it from dissolving in water.
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in 2008, engineers at nasa developed the Fermi gamma ray telescope. gamma rays come from the most extreme places in the universe. NASA is studying them because scientists want to learn more about environments in the universe that make gamma rays. this includes objects such as exploding stars. the photograph below is an image taken using the Fermi gamma ray telescope. using the information above, along with your knowledge of the electromagnetic spectrum column where should the Fermi going rate telescope be placed to enable the highest quality images to be recorded by this telescope? A. orbiting in space somewhere outside earth's atmosphere. B at the top of a tall mountain away from all sources of light pollution. C any area on Earth that will allow enough room for a large satellite dish. or D. two opposite locations on earths surface are required, including the north and south pole.
which t cell plays an integral role in both humoral and cell mediated immunity?
TH2 cells play an integral role in both humoral and cell-mediated immunity.
What is the role of the T cell?T Cells also called T lymphocytes are a major part of the immune system. These cells are designed to fight against infections that they have not yet faced. There may be a time when you need T cells for isolation. They mature in the thymus until it was released into the bloodstream as naive T cells.
T cells can remove infected cells that cause cancer. They also direct the immune response by helping B lymphocytes to remove invading pathogens. B cells produce antibodies that fight against diseases. B lymphocytes also called B cells create a type of protein known as an antibody.
So we can conclude that TH2 cells are the cell that plays a role humoral and immunity.
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If 100 mice are bred, how many red eyed white mice would you expect?
Answer:
6
Explanation:
In this scenario, black fur (F) is dominant to white fur (f) and black eyes (E) are dominant to red eyes (e). So in this case you would be looking for all lowercase letters in the punnet square, which would only be 1 mouse with white fur and red eyes (ff ee), and since there are 16 potential genotypes for offspring and only 1 that would be white with red eyes, you would divide 1 by 16 and get 0.0625, then you would multiply 0.0625 by 100 (total number of mice) and you would get 6.25. since you can't really have .25 of a mouse (that would be kind of gross) you round down and get 6, the closest answer.
(Also I just took this quiz and got this question right. Just wanted to confirm that in case you had any doubts!)
Hope this helped!
1. Blood cells returning to the lungs after their journey through the body are.
bright blue
dark red
dark blue
bright red
Answer:
Dark Red
Explanation:
The blood that travels back to the heart and lungs is dark red. It has picked up carbon dioxide from the body cells, and it has left most of its oxygen with the cells. We can think of the dark colored, carbon dioxide-rich blood as "used” blood. This is the blood that the heart pumps into the lungs.
Answer:
The answer is Dark Red.
Explanation:
Hope this helps!!
Explain how this affects transport across the membrane.