What is stress ratio ?
The ratio of the lowest to highest level of stress is known as the stress ratio. An increase in the stress ratio causes the rate of corrosion fatigue crack propagation to rise.
The length of the floating column, the thickness of the slab, the intensity of the load, the improvement ratio, and other elements all have an impact on the stress ratio. The ratio of a column's length to its diameter is called a column length ratio.
Step-by-step solution:
Tensile strength = 1800mpa
Minimum stress = 0mpa
Maximum stress = 1200mpa
Stress ratio = Minimum stress / Maximum stress. = 0/1200 = 0
Therefore, Stress ratio = 0.
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reynolds number for a petroleum pipeline. the keystone pipeline is a network of pipes and pumps used to transport canadian crude oil to the united states. the average diameter of the pipeline can be assumed to be 30 inches in diameter and a maximum of 132,000 m3
The Reynolds number is a dimensionless quantity used to predict the flow regime of a fluid in a pipe. It is calculated using the formula Re = (ρVD)/μ, where ρ is the density of the fluid, V is the velocity of the fluid, D is the diameter of the pipe, and μ is the dynamic viscosity of the fluid.
However, I can explain the significance of the Reynolds number. If the Reynolds number is below 2000, the flow is considered laminar, meaning it is smooth and the fluid moves in parallel layers. If the Reynolds number is above 4000, the flow is turbulent, with chaotic and random fluid motion. In between these values, the flow is in a transitional regime.
In summary, without the fluid velocity, we cannot calculate the Reynolds number for the Keystone pipeline. But the Reynolds number helps determine the flow regime, which is important for understanding the behavior of the fluid in the pipeline.
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Select three functions of catalysts.
speed up food processing
slow down food processing
slow down plant growth
speed up plant growth
O decrease fuel efficiency
Increase fuel efficiency
Answer: speed up food processing
speed up plant growth
Increase fuel efficiency
Explanation:
A catalyst simply refers to a substance that leads to an increase in the reaction rate when it's added to a substance. When the activation energy is reduced by catalysts, this.hwlpa on the speeding up of a reaction.
Therefore,the functions of catalysts include speed up food processing, speeding up plant growth and increase fuel efficiency
Andy is a carpenter and wants to make various articles using engineered wood. Which of these wood types can he use?
Answer:
It is plywood, particle board, and fiberboard. I did it and got them all right.
Explanation:
To find the reactance XLXLX_L of an inductor, imagine that a current I(t)=I0sin(ωt)I(t)=I0sin(ωt) , is flowing through the inductor. What is the voltage V(t)V(t)V(t) across this inductor?
Answer:
V(t) = XLI₀sin(π/2 - ωt)
Explanation:
According to Maxwell's equation which is expressed as;
V(t) = dФ/dt ........(1)
Magnetic flux Ф can also be expressed as;
Ф = LI(t)
Where
L = inductance of the inductor
I = current in Ampere
We can therefore Express Maxwell equation as:
V(t) = dLI(t)/dt ....... (2)
Since the inductance is constant then voltage remains
V(t) = LdI(t)/dt
In an AC circuit, the current is time varying and it is given in the form of
I(t) = I₀sin(ωt)
Substitutes the current I(t) into equation (2)
Then the voltage across inductor will be expressed as
V(t) = Ld(I₀sin(ωt))/dt
V(t) = LI₀ωcos(ωt)
Where cos(ωt) = sin(π/2 - ωt)
Then
V(t) = ωLI₀sin(π/2 - ωt) .....(3)
Because the voltage and current are out of phase with the phase difference of π/2 or 90°
The inductive reactance XL = ωL
Substitute ωL for XL in equation (3)
Therefore, the voltage across inductor is can be expressed as;
V(t) = XLI₀sin(π/2 - ωt)
1. Your client was in India for business meetings. As a business courtesy, you ask your reportée to
procure a gift to be offered at the end of discussions, which your reportee does.Your reportee
later comes back and says that the gift that was offered is beyond the prescribed policy limit of
USD 50 per person per fiscal year for India and the claims team is not reimbursing him beyond
USD 50. What should you do next?
Oa. For this instance alone, you ask your reportee to raise a separate claim for the balance
4
amount.
Ob. You write to the Claims Team demanding complete reimbursement.
Oc. You highlight this to OIC for their review. Further, you familiarize your team with permissible
limits for gifts and entertainment. You then advice your team to act in accordance with the
Policy in future.
Od. You tell your reportee that there is nothing you can do here.
The appropriate course of action in this situation would be to option (C): Highlight this to OIC (Office in Charge) for their review.
The best course of actionAdditionally, it is important to familiarize your team with the permissible limits for gifts and entertainment as outlined in the policy. You should then advise your team to act in accordance with the policy in future instances.
By informing the OIC, you allow them to assess the situation and determine if any exceptions can be made or if further action is required. It is important to follow company policies and guidelines to maintain compliance and transparency.
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1.) What is the purpose of measuring tape? What would you measure and why? (1 paragraph, 5 sentences)
Answer:
The measuring tape is used to measure objects. It makes objects with two faces easier to measure, as it would be more difficult to use a ruler to measure two faces. You measure to increase accuracy. If you're trying to build something out of 12 inches of wood, you can't just look at the wood and assume it is 12 inches long. In engineering, it's necessary to measure during every project.
Explanation:
what is the name of the flag system used by vessels? Instead, most of the boat flags you see are actually nautical flags – a system of flags used to convey messages from ship to ship or ship to shore. Each flag has a different meaning, and they can be used alone or in a group for even more different meanings.
Different flags are used to communicate with ships and are known as international maritime signal flags.The International Code for Signals is the main system of flags and related codes.
What is the name of a ship's flag?ensign, a flag, particularly the flag of a country.The phrase is most frequently used to describe the flag flying at the stern of commerce ships or active naval warships.ensign.
Is semaphore still in use by the Navy?Flag semaphore is still being studied and practiced by young Scouts, and it is also still utilized by the US Navy today along with Morse code.
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Pts. A 240 V DC shunt motor draws 4 A at no-load and runs at a speed of 1100 rpm. The DC machine has armature
and field winding resistance of 0.05 Ω and 240 Ω respectively. It has a full load current of 22 A with the armature
reaction causes a drop of 4% in flux. Compute for: (i) speed of the motor at full-load; and (ii) torque at full-load.
Given data:
- Supply voltage (V) = 240 V
- No-load current (I_no-load) = 4 A
- No-load speed (N_no-load) = 1100 rpm
- Armature resistance (R_a) = 0.05 Ω
- Field winding resistance (R_f) = 240 Ω
- Full load current (I_full-load) = 22 A
- Armature reaction flux drop (Δφ) = 4% = 0.04 (as a fraction)
(i) Speed of the motor at full-load:
The speed of a DC motor can be approximated by the formula:
N = N_no-load - k × (I - I_no-load)
where N is the speed, I is the armature current, and k is the speed constant.
To calculate the speed at full-load (N_full-load), we can rearrange the formula as follows:
N_full-load = N_no-load - k × (I_full-load - I_no-load)
To find the value of k, we can use the no-load speed and full-load speed:
k = (N_no-load - N_full-load) / (I_full-load - I_no-load)
Substituting the given values:
k = (1100 rpm - N_full-load) / (22 A - 4 A)
Next, we can calculate the speed at full-load:
N_full-load = N_no-load - k × (I_full-load - I_no-load)
(ii) Torque at full-load:
The torque of a DC motor can be calculated using the formula:
T = k' × I × φ
where T is the torque, I is the armature current, φ is the flux, and k' is the torque constant.
To calculate the torque at full-load (T_full-load), we can rearrange the formula as follows:
T_full-load = k' × I_full-load × φ
To find the value of k', we can use the no-load current and full-load torque:
k' = T_no-load / (I_no-load × φ)
Finally, we can calculate the torque at full-load:
T_full-load = k' × I_full-load × φ
Note: The value of flux (φ) needs to be adjusted to account for the armature reaction flux drop:
Adjusted φ = (1 - Δφ) × φ
where Δφ is the flux drop caused by the armature reaction.
Using the given data, we can now calculate the speed and torque at full-load.
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What kind of data is captured in a data warehouse?
A data warehouse is created specifically for data analytics, which includes scanning vast amounts of data to recognize patterns and relationships.
A database is used to collect and store data, including transactional information. Enterprise Data Warehouse (EDWH) is another name for Data Warehouse (DWH) (EDW). A data warehouse is a central location where information from one or more data sources is stored. Enterprise Data Warehouse (EDW), Operational Data Store (ODS), and Data Mart are the three primary types of data warehouses. A data warehouse acts as a repository for old information that may be analyzed. Data in a warehouse can be examined and evaluated using online analytical processing, or OLAP.
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a high-pass rc filter is connected to an ac source with a peak voltage of 9.00 v . the peak capacitor voltage is 6.4 v
A high-pass R C filter is a filter that allows signals above a certain frequency, the cutoff frequency, to pass through while rejecting signals below that frequency. In this case, the filter is connected to an AC source with a peak voltage of 9.00 V and the peak capacitor voltage is 6.4 V.
The ratio of the peak capacitor voltage to the peak source voltage is known as the voltage gain of the filter.
The voltage gain is given by the equation:
Voltage Gain = Peak Capacitor Voltage/Peak Source Voltage
Voltage Gain = 6.4 V/9.00 V Voltage Gain = 0.711 or 71.1 %
The voltage gain is less than 1, which means that the output voltage is less than the input voltage.
This is because the high-pass RC filter attenuates the low-frequency signals while allowing the high-frequency signals to pass through. The output voltage of the filter is reduced, resulting in a voltage gain of less than 1.
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Find the first five terms of the sequence defined by an=6an-1
Answer:
The first five terms of the given geometric sequence are
8,40,200,1000,5000
Explanation:
:)
Explain the surprising realization scientists are making about bacteria and what danino hopes to eventually be able to do using bacteria. hurry 30 points
The surprising realization scientists are making about bacteria and what danino hopes to eventually be able to do using bacteria are the Corallococcus exercitus.
Who discovered the bacteria?Antonie van Leeuwenhoek used single-lens microscopes, which he made, to make the primary observations of micro organism and protozoa. His full-size studies at the boom of small animals inclusive of fleas, mussels, and eels helped disprove the concept of spontaneous era of life.
Researchers found a brand new species of alga in vital New York and named it Gormaniella terricola, with the genus named after poet Amanda Gorman.
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List three main commodity areas that drive agriculture
Common agricultural commodities include dairy products, wheat, and coffee. You can invest in and “trade” these products virtually, without running a farm and purchasing and storing the items yourself.
in 1960 a magnetic azimuth of 90 degrees and a magnetic declination of 1degrees east.given that magnetic declination was changing at a rate of 5 degrees west.what is the magnetic azimuth in 1983?
Answer:
4c4u4civ4j4
Explanation:
x24uu37z3x3uzu2
Given the availability of a file named numbers write the statements necessary to read an integer from standard input and then read in that many values from numbers and display their total.#includeusing namespace std;int main(){int a,num,sum=0;cout << " enter no of numbers";cin>> num;cout << endl;for(int i=0; i> a;sum = sum+a;cout << endl;}cout << " sum of numbers is " << sum << endl;return 0;}professor wants these things as well.your program should start with comments containing your name, the name of your program, and what the program does. you must indent statements according to the standard used in your textbook. do not use single letter variable names. there should be comments at variable declaration to explain the purpose of each variable. there should be comments at each major point of the program such as the input subsection, looping subsection, output subsection, calculation subsection, and so on.
To improve the given code and fulfill the professor's requirements, you can make the following changes:
1. Add comments at the beginning of the program with your name, program name, and its purpose.
2. Properly indent the code and use meaningful variable names.
3. Add comments for variable declarations and major sections of the program.
Here's an updated version of the code:
```cpp
#include
using namespace std;
// Author: Your Name
// Program: Sum of Numbers
// Purpose: Read an integer from standard input, then read that many values from a file and display their total.
int main() {
int inputValue, numberOfValues, totalSum = 0;
// Input Section
cout << "Enter the number of values: ";
cin >> numberOfValues;
cout << endl;
// Looping and Calculation Section
for (int i = 0; i < numberOfValues; i++) {
cout << "Enter value " << i+1 << ": ";
cin >> inputValue;
totalSum = totalSum + inputValue;
cout << endl;
}
// Output Section
cout << "The sum of numbers is " << totalSum << endl;
return 0;
}
```
This version of the code includes comments for each major section (input, looping, calculation, and output), uses more descriptive variable names, and has properly indented statements.
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which action is an example of how engineering affects science.
A) Identifying ways to improve the design of an infrared camera.
B) Designing an infrared camera that can record animal behavior in darkness.
C) Using observations of predators to from a hypothesis about their behavior.
D) Testing the effect if infrared light on the behaviors of nighttime predators.
Answer:It was B
Explanation:i took it on apec
and got A wrong so it told it was B
The action that is an example of how engineering affects science is designing an infrared camera that can record animal behavior in darkness. The correct option is B.
What is engineering?Engineering is the process of using mathematical and scientific principles to solve issues in the real world and create novel products and processes for use in a variety of fields and applications.
Engineering is the use of science and math to address issues. Engineers analyze how things operate and use scientific discoveries in real-world settings.
Strong problem-solving skills are among the most important traits an engineer can have. A substantial portion of an engineer's duties involve analyzing a situation, spotting issues, and then coming up with solutions.
Designing an infrared camera that can capture animal behavior in the dark is an example of how engineering influences research.
Thus, the correct option is B.
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Technician A says that collapsible steering columns may use a pyrotechnic charge. Technician B says that collapsible brake pedals assemblies reduce the risk of trapping the drivers feet. Who is right
Answer:
I think A is correct
The two technicians are right in their given assessment about the use of collapsible steering columns and collapsible brake pedals to reduce the risk of trapping the driver's feet.
What is Safe Driving?This refers to the vehicular movement from one point to another, obeying traffic rules, and respect for other drivers and pedestrians.
Hence, we can see that with regards to safe driving, the opinions of both Technicians A and B are both correct as they both want the safety of the car and the driver.
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superposition theorem
Answer:
mark me brainliest
Explanation:
Superposition theorem is one of those strokes of genius that takes a complex subject and simplifies it in a way that makes perfect sense. A theorem like Millman’s certainly works well, but it is not quite obvious why it works so well. Superposition, on the other hand, is obvious.
Integer dataSize is read from input. Then, strings and integers are read and stored into string vector colorList and integer vector quantityList, respectively. Lastly, string colorAsked is read from input.
Find the sum of the elements in quantityList where the corresponding element in colorList is equal to colorAsked.
For each element in colorList that is equal to colorAsked, output "Index " followed by the element's index. End with a newline.
Ex: If the input is:
3
lavender 25 lavender 22 gray 161
lavender
Then the output is:
Index 0
Index 1
Total: 47
#include
#include
using namespace std;
int main() {
int numElements;
string colorAsked;
int sumQuantity;
unsigned int i;
cin >> numElements;
vector colorList(numElements);
vector quantityList(numElements);
for (i = 0; i < colorList.size(); ++i) {
cin >> colorList.at(i);
cin >> quantityList.at(i);
}
cin >> colorAsked;
/*answer here*/
cout << "Total: " << sumQuantity << endl;
return 0;
}
Where the above condition is given, here's the solution:
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
int main() {
int numElements, sumQuantity = 0;
string colorAsked;
unsigned int i;
cin >> numElements;
vector<string> colorList(numElements);
vector<int> quantityList(numElements);
for (i = 0; i < colorList.size(); ++i) {
cin >> colorList.at(i);
cin >> quantityList.at(i);
}
cin >> colorAsked;
for (i = 0; i < colorList.size(); ++i) {
if (colorList.at(i) == colorAsked) {
cout << "Index " << i << endl;
sumQuantity += quantityList.at(i);
}
}
cout << "Total: " << sumQuantity << endl;
return 0;
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What are my biggest questions about diversity?
As an AI language model, I am not aware of your biggest questions about diversity. However, I can provide you with some general information that may help you formulate questions about diversity.The concept of diversity refers to recognizing, respecting, and valuing differences in individuals' identities.
Diversity includes differences in race, ethnicity, gender identity, sexual orientation, socioeconomic status, religion, ability, and more. Diversity can bring different perspectives, ideas, and experiences that can benefit organizations and communities. It is important to understand diversity and its implications for individuals and society.Some possible questions about diversity are:What is diversity?Why is diversity important?How can we promote diversity in our community or workplace?What are some common stereotypes or prejudices associated with different groups?How can we challenge and overcome biases and discrimination?
What are some policies or laws that protect diversity and ensure equal opportunities?What are some best practices for creating a diverse and inclusive environment?These are just some examples of questions that you may have about diversity. Depending on your interests, experiences, and goals, you may have different questions or concerns. The main answer to your question is that you need to identify your biggest questions about diversity and seek accurate and reliable information to address them. :Identify your biggest questions about diversity and seek accurate and reliable information to address them.
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If substance A has molecules moving at a high rate and substance B has molecules moving at a low rate, which substance has the lower temperature?
Answer:
substance B
Explanation:
Task 3: the instantride finance team wants to collect the price and discount information with the driver names for each travel in the system. You need to return the travel id, driver first name, driver last name, travel price, and travel discount information from the travels and drivers tables combined over driver id field with the on keyword.
task
calculate each user's price and discount information
By using this information to calculate each user's price and discount information, they can make informed decisions about how to optimize pricing and discounts to drive customer loyalty and increase revenue.
To collect the price and discount information with the driver names for each travel in the system, we need to query the travels and drivers tables combined over the driver ID field. The query should return the travel ID, driver first name, driver last name, travel price, and travel discount information.
Once we have this information, we can calculate each user's price and discount information. We can do this by grouping the data by driver ID and then calculating the total price and discount for each driver. This will give us an overview of how much each driver has earned and how much they have discounted for their customers.
In order to ensure that the content loaded into the system is accurate, it is important to regularly check the data and update it as needed. This will help to ensure that the finance team has access to the most up-to-date information and can make informed decisions about pricing and discounts.
Overall, collecting and analyzing data on travel prices and discounts is crucial for the success of the InstantRide finance team. By using this information to calculate each user's price and discount information, they can make informed decisions about how to optimize pricing and discounts to drive customer loyalty and increase revenue.
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Given that the angle contribution of a digital PID to achieve the design requirements is 150", design the digital PID controller by determining its transfer function. The pulse transfer function is given as
GzohGp(s)= 0.03726(z+0.7407)/ (z+0.6714)(2+0.6056)
and the design point is at z₁ = 0.3708 +/0.2537. Use sampling time Ts=0.5 second, and two identical PID controller-zeroes.
To design the digital PID controller, we need to determine its transfer function based on the given information. Let's denote the transfer function of the PID controller as C(z).
The general form of a discrete-time PID controller transfer function is:
C(z) = Kp + Ki/Ti * (1 - 1/z) + Kd * Td * (1 - z^-1)
Given that we have two identical PID controller zeroes, we can represent the transfer function as:
C(z) = Kp * (1 - 1/z)^2 + Ki/Ti * (1 - 1/z) + Kd * Td * (1 - z^-1)
To find the values of the PID controller gains (Kp, Ki, Kd) and time constants (Ti, Td), we need to match the desired design requirements.
From the given design point z₁ = 0.3708 +/- 0.2537, we can determine the damping ratio (ξ) and the natural frequency (ωn) using the following formulas:
ξ = -ln(|z₁|) / sqrt(pi^2 + ln(|z₁|)^2)
ωn = sqrt(1 - ξ^2)
Substituting the given design point:
ξ = -ln(|0.3708|) / sqrt(pi^2 + ln(|0.3708|)^2) = 0.1228
ωn = sqrt(1 - 0.1228^2) = 0.9914
Next, we can determine the PID controller gains and time constants using the Ziegler-Nichols tuning method:
Kp = (1.2 * (Ti/Ts) * ωn) / Gp(1)
Ki = (2.0 * Kp) / (Ts * Ti)
Kd = (0.5 * Kp * Ts * Td) / (0.5 * Ts)
Given the pulse transfer function GzohGp(s) and sampling time Ts = 0.5 second, we can calculate Gp(1) as follows:
Gp(1) = GzohGp(e^(Ts * s)) evaluated at s = 0
Now, let's calculate the values of Kp, Ki, Kd, Ti, and Td using the given information and formulas:
Gp(1) = GzohGp(e^(0.5 * 0)) = GzohGp(1) = 0.03726 * (1 + 0.7407) / ((1 + 0.6714) * (2 + 0.6056)) = 0.01413
Kp = (1.2 * (Ti/Ts) * ωn) / Gp(1) = (1.2 * (1/0.5) * 0.9914) / 0.01413 = 69.886
Ki = (2.0 * Kp) / (Ts * Ti) = (2.0 * 69.886) / (0.5 * Ti) = 279.544 / Ti
Kd = (0.5 * Kp * Ts * Td) / (0.5 * Ts) = Kp * Td
To fully determine the PID controller parameters, we need the value of Ti and Td. These can be chosen based on the desired response characteristics. Typical values for Ti and Td can be selected as follows:
Ti = 4 * Ts
Td = Ts / 2
Using these values, we can calculate the final PID controller transfer function C(z):
C(z
) = 69.886 * (1 - 1/z)^2 + (279.544 / Ti) * (1 - 1/z) + (69.886 * Td) * (1 - z^-1)
This transfer function represents the designed digital PID controller.
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5. According to the FMCSRs, you are qualified to operate a CMV if you:
A. are at least 15-years old.
B. have passed an IQ test.
C. have only one current CDL.
D. are currently disqualified from operating a motor vehicle.
Answer:
currently states that a person is qualified to drive a commercial motor vehicle if he/she “can read and speak the English language sufficiently to converse with the general public, to understand highway traffic signs and signals
So I think B
3. Assertive communication means:
A. Confidently and directly communicating what you think and feel, without being aggressive
or passive
B.O Confidently saying what you think and feel, even If It means overshadowing someone
else's feelings
C.O Saying what you think and feel only If and when the other party gives you permission to
do so
D. None of the above
Answer:
A. Confidently and directly communicating what you think and feel, without being aggressive or passive.
Explanation:
Assertive communication is the ability to express both positive and negative ideas in a way that it is a honest and direct message. It doesn't mean to say things to the other person with the intent of causing harm or making them feel better, it's just saying things as they are.
Draw and Explain -in details- a figure (BOD & Time) showing the different behaviors of
treated sewage sample and untreated sewage sample for both carbonaceous and
nitrogenous biochemical oxygen demand, and what do we mean by LAG TIME?
The lag time is the time it takes for the bacteria to start to break down the organic matter in the sewage. The lag time is longer for the untreated sewage sample because it contains more organic matter.
How to explain the informationCarbonaceous BOD is the amount of oxygen that is required to break down the organic matter in sewage. The organic matter in sewage is primarily made up of carbon, so carbonaceous BOD is also known as biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5).
Nitrogenous BOD is the amount of oxygen that is required to break down the nitrogenous compounds in sewage. The nitrogenous compounds in sewage are primarily made up of ammonia, so nitrogenous BOD is also known as ammoniacal oxygen demand (AOD).
The treated sewage sample has a lower carbonaceous BOD and a lower nitrogenous BOD than the untreated sewage sample. This is because the treatment process removes some of the organic matter and nitrogenous compounds from the sewage.
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How do cars moves? and explain Please.
Answer:
when car vroom it go electric
Explanation:
i think then it goes to some spinny thing that spins and make the electric and the electic spins the spinny thing and the smoke comes outside the back
Technician a says you may replace a fusible link with a larger gauge wire. technician b says a burned-out fuse indicates a larger-rated fuse should be used. who is correct?
Based on the information provided by these technicians, the correct answer is that: D) Neither Technician A nor Technician B.
The components of an electrical circuit.Generally, an electrical circuit comprises the following electrical components:
ResistorsCapacitorsBatteriesTransistorsSwitchesElectrical wiresFuseFusible linkWhat is a fusible link?A fusible link can be defined as a type of electrical component which comprises a wire or fusible alloy strip that's attached to two (2) connectors, so as to serve as an electrical safety device.
Based on the information provided by these technicians, we can reasonably and logically deduce that neither Technician A nor Technician B is correct because a fusible link should not be replaced with a larger gauge wire and a burned-out fuse indicates that a new fuse of same rating should be used.
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Complete Question:
Technician A says you may replace a fusible link with a larger gauge wire. Technician B says a burned-out fuse indicates a larger-rated fuse should be used. Who is correct?
A) Technician A only
B) Technician B only
C) Both Technician A and Technician B
D) Neither Technician A nor Technician B
During peak systole, the heart delivers to the aorta a blood flow that has a velocity of 90 cm/sec and a pressure of 120 mmHg. The aortic root diameter is 27mm. Determine the force (in Newtons) acting on the aortic arch if the conditions at the outlet
are a pressure of 115 mmHg and d2 = 22mm. (Neglect body forces, assume uniform and
steady flow)
V1 = 90 cm/s
P1g = 120 mmHg
P2g = 115 mmHg
Density blood = 1.057 g/cm3
The force acting on the aortic arch is -1907.26 N as per the given data.
What is Bernoulli's equation?The relationship between pressure, kinetic energy, and gravitational potential energy of a fluid in a container is known as Bernoulli's equation.
To determine the force acting on the aortic arch, we need to convert the units of velocity, pressure, and diameter to SI units (m/s, Pa, and m respectively).
Then, we can use the principle of continuity of flow and the equation of energy conservation (Bernoulli's equation) to calculate the force.
First, we'll convert the velocity, pressure, and diameter:
V1 = 90 cm/s = 0.9 m/s
P1g = 120 mmHg = 120 x 133.322 Pa = 16039.64 Pa
P2g = 115 mmHg = 115 x 133.322 Pa = 15345.83 Pa
d1 = 27 mm = 0.027 m
d2 = 22 mm = 0.022 m
Next, we'll use the principle of continuity of flow to calculate the velocity at the outlet (V2) and cross-sectional area (A2):
A1 x V1 = A2 x V2
\(V2 = V1 X (A1 / A2) = 0.9 x (\pi X (0.027^2) / 4) / (\pi X (0.022^2) / 4) = 1.33 m/s\)
Finally, we'll use Bernoulli's equation to calculate the pressure at the outlet (P2) and then calculate the force acting on the aortic arch:
\(P1g + (1/2) X \rho X V_1^2 = P2g + (1/2) \rho X V_2^2\)
\(P2 = P1g + (1/2) X \rho X V_1^2 - (1/2) X \rho X V_2^2 = 16039.64 + (1/2) X 1.057 X 0.9^2 - (1/2) X 1.057 X 1.33^2 = 14159.56 Pa\)
\(F = (P_2 - P_1g) X A1 = (14159.56 - 16039.64) X \pi X (0.027^2) / 4 = -1907.26 N\)
Thus, the force acting on the aortic arch is -1907.26 N. The negative sign indicates that the force is acting in the opposite direction to the flow, which is normal in fluid mechanics.
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Q#1: Provide an example of a software project that would be amenable to the following models. Be specific. a. Waterfall b. Prototype c. Extreme Programming
Answer:
Waterfall model
Explanation:
The waterfall model is amenable to the projects. It focused on the data structure. The software architecture and detail about the procedure. It will interfere with the procedure. It interfaces with the characterization of the objects. The waterfall model is the first model that is introduced first. This model also called a linear sequential life cycle model.
The waterfall model is very easy to use. This is the earliest approach of the SDLC.
There are different phase of the waterfall:
Requirement analysisSystem DesignImplementationTestingDeploymentMaintenance