a number of enzymes in the cytoplasm generate nadh, providing reducing power critical for electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation. but nadh does not cross the inner mitochondrial membrane and hence the electrons it provides must somehow be delivered to the matrix. this is achieved by two important shuttle systems, the ____ shuttle, and the ____ shuttle, found in muscle cells. in one of these shuttles, the electrons from nadh are transferred to ____ , and the product of this reaction, ____ is transported across the inner mitochondrial membrane, where nadh is regenerated by conversion of ____ .
Answers
The number of enzymes in the cytoplasm generate NADH, providing reducing power critical for electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation.
But NADH does not cross the inner mitochondrial membrane, and hence the electrons it provides must somehow be delivered to the matrix.
This is achieved by two important shuttle systems, the malate-aspartate shuttle, and the glycerol phosphate shuttle, found in muscle cells. In one of these shuttles, the electrons from NADH are transferred to malate, and the product of this reaction, oxaloacetate, is transported across the inner mitochondrial membrane, where NADH is regenerated by the conversion of malate.
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Related Questions
The picture below shows a typical structure of....
A:cell membrane
B:ribosome
C:lysosome
D: cell wall
Answers
I would answer with A. cell membrane
I know it's not B. ribosome for a fact
the sphincter of the bile and pancreatic ducts normally remains contracted, so as bile collects in the bile duct it backs up into the cystic duct. when this happens, bile flows into the , where it is stored. when the sphincter relaxes bile flows into the .
Answers
The sphincter of the bile and pancreatic ducts normally remains contracted, so as bile collects in the bile duct it backs up into the cystic duct. when this happens, bile flows into the gallbladder, where it is stored. when the sphincter relaxes bile flows into the duodenum.
What is the gallbladder?The gallbladder is described as a small, pear-shaped organ on the right side of your abdomen, just beneath your liver. The gallbladder holds a digestive fluid called bile that's released into the small intestine.
The primary function of the gallbladder is to store bile, which is produced in the liver and helps break down fats in the body.
There are diseases associated with the gallbladder. The symptoms of chronic gallbladder disease include complaints of gas, nausea and abdominal discomfort after meals, and chronic diarrhea.
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the observed frequencies of genotypes a, b and c of 100 progeny from a genetic cross are oi: 18, 55 and 27 respectively. a model states that a, b and c occur in the ratio 1:2:1. under the model, the expected frequencies (ei) are:
Answers
In this case, you are given the observed frequencies of genotypes a, b, and c, which are 18, 55, and 27 respectively, from a total of 100 progeny. The model you are provided with states that these genotypes occur in ratio 1:2:1. expected frequencies for genotypes a, b, c are 25, 50, 25.
To calculate expected frequencies, first, you need to find total number of parts in the given ratio. In the 1:2:1 ratio, the total parts are 1 + 2 + 1 = 4. Next, you'll allocate total progeny (100) according to this ratio. For genotype a, with a ratio of 1 part, the expected frequency is (1/4) * 100 = 25.
For genotype b, with a ratio of 2 parts, the expected frequency is (2/4) * 100 = 50. For genotype c, with a ratio of 1 part, the expected frequency is (1/4) * 100 = 25. So, under the 1:2:1 model, the expected frequencies (ei) for genotypes a, b, and c are 25, 50, and 25, respectively.
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Which compound transfer high energy electrons between molecules
Answers
Answer:
NADPH
Explanation:
Answer:
Explanation:
A
one of the carrier molecules that transfers high-energy electrons from chlorophyll to other molecules NADP+
B
Reactions of photosynthesis that use energy from light to produce ATP and NADPH+ Light-dependent reactions
Which of the following statements about eutrophication is true?
a. Eutrophication occurs when excess nutrients are present in aquatic ecosystems, resulting in
the increased production of plant life and the subsequent increase in the oxygen levels of the
water.
b. Eutrophication occurs when excess nutrients are present in aquatic ecosystems, resulting in
the increased production of plant life and the subsequent decrease in the oxygen levels of the
water.
Eutrophication involves the overpopulation of aquatic ecosystems with plant and animal life.
d. Eutrophication is rarely caused by human activity.
Answers
Answer:
b
Explanation:
Eutrophication occurs when excess nutrients like phosphorus from agricultural fertilizers are carried off into aquatic ecosystems. Since phosphorous is one of the limiting nutrients to plants, its excessive amounts result in a drastic increase in algal growth in the water system.
Step 2
As these plants decompose, a high amount of oxygen is used up resulting in a decrease in oxygen levels in the aquatic system. A very low level of oxygen in the water is detrimental to many aquatic organisms.
Result
B
PLEASE HELP ME WILL GIVE BRAINLIEST
Conlan wants to answer the question, “Does phosphorus affect tomato fruit production?” Which statement represents a hypothesis that he can test to answer his question?
A: If phosphorus affects tomato fruit production, then tomatoes that are fertilized with phosphorus will have larger leaves.
B: If phosphorus affects tomato fruit production, then phosphorus should be added to the soil during planting.
C: If phosphorus affects tomato fruit production, then adding phosphorus to the soil will make tomatoes taste better.
D: If phosphorus affects tomato fruit production, then plants that are fertilized with phosphorus will produce more tomatoes.
Answers
Answer:
Conlan wants to answer the question, "Does phosphorus affect tomato fruit production?" Which statement represents a hypothesis that he can test to answer his question? If phosphorus affects tomato fruit production, then plants that are fertilized with phosphorus will produce more tomatoes. testable.
Explanation:
Conlan wants to answer the question, "Does phosphorus affect tomato fruit production?" Which statement represents a hypothesis that he can test to answer his question? If phosphorus affects tomato fruit production, then plants that are fertilized with phosphorus will produce more tomatoes. testable.
Answer:
Answer is A. If phosphorus affects tomato fruit production, then tomatoes that are fertilized with phosphorus will have larger leaves.
Explanation:
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how is lactobacillus acidophilus helpful
Answers
Answer:
its a a one of the many bacteria found inside of your intestines that produces lactic acid via fermentation of lactose (milk sugar)
Explanation:
which of the following occur as a result of fertilization?
multiple select question.
crossing over haploid organism diploid organism zygote
Answers
The result of fertilization is the formation of a **diploid organism** and a **zygote**.
Fertilization is the process where a sperm cell and an egg cell (both haploid) fuse to form a zygote, which is a single cell with a diploid chromosome number. A diploid organism has two complete sets of chromosomes, one from each parent. This is in contrast to a haploid organism, which has only one set of chromosomes. Crossing over is not a direct result of fertilization; it occurs during meiosis, the cell division process that produces haploid gametes (sperm and egg cells). The zygote formed through fertilization will eventually undergo multiple rounds of cell division and differentiation to develop into a multicellular organism.
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A weak, subthreshold stimulus will result in _______. A weak, subthreshold stimulus will result in _______. a small depolarization at the receiving end of the neuron a small depolarization at the receiving end of the interneuron an action potential at the receiving end of the neuron release of neurotransmitter at the axon terminal of the sensory neuron
Answers
A weak, subthreshold stimulus will result in a small depolarization at the receiving end of the neuron.a weak, subthreshold stimulus will primarily result in a small depolarization at the receiving end of the neuron, but it will not initiate an action potential or trigger neurotransmitter release.
When a neuron receives a stimulus, it can either be strong enough to generate an action potential or be subthreshold, meaning it does not reach the threshold necessary to trigger an action potential.
In the case of a weak, subthreshold stimulus, the neuron will undergo a small depolarization at the receiving end, known as the dendrites and cell body.
The dendrites and cell body of a neuron contain numerous ion channels, including ligand-gated channels and voltage-gated channels.
These channels regulate the movement of ions, such as sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), and chloride (Cl-), which are crucial for generating electrical signals in the neuron.
When a subthreshold stimulus is received, it causes a small influx of positive ions, typically sodium ions, into the neuron through ligand-gated channels.
This influx of positive charge results in a slight depolarization of the neuron's membrane potential.
However, the depolarization does not reach the threshold required to initiate an action potential.
As a result, the subthreshold stimulus is unable to propagate as an action potential along the axon of the neuron.
Instead, the small depolarization may weaken as it travels along the neuron's dendrites and cell body.
This weak signal may not be sufficient to trigger the release of neurotransmitters at the axon terminal, which is necessary for communication between neurons.
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A weak, subthreshold stimulus will result in a small depolarization at the receiving end of the neuron a weak, subthreshold , but it will not initiate an action potential or trigger neurotransmitter release.
When a neuron receives a stimulus, it can either be strong enough to generate an action potential or be subthreshold, meaning it does not reach the threshold necessary to trigger an action potential.
In the case of a weak, subthreshold stimulus, the neuron will undergo a small depolarization at the receiving end, known as the dendrites and cell body.
The dendrites and cell body of a neuron contain numerous ion channels, including ligand-gated channels and voltage-gated channels.
These channels regulate the movement of ions, such as sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), and chloride (Cl-), which are crucial for generating electrical signals in the neuron.
When a subthreshold stimulus is received, it causes a small influx of positive ions, typically sodium ions, into the neuron through ligand-gated channels.
This influx of positive charge results in a slight depolarization of the neuron's membrane potential.
However, the depolarization does not reach the threshold required to initiate an action potential.
As a result, the subthreshold stimulus is unable to propagate as an action potential along the axon of the neuron.
Instead, the small depolarization may weaken as it travels along the neuron's dendrites and cell body.
This weak signal may not be sufficient to trigger the release of neurotransmitters at the axon terminal, which is necessary for communication between neurons.
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There are few details known about the life of euclid. Most evidence of his work comes from the writings of other scholars at that time. What are some of the theories about euclid? check all that apply.
Answers
Euclid was a Greek mathematician best known for his treatise on geometry: The Elements. This influenced the development of Western mathematics for over 2,000 years.
The reason why Euclid was so influential is that his work is more than just an explanation of geometry or even mathematics. The way in which he used logic and required proofs for each theorem shaped the ideas of Western philosophers to this day.
Euclid's vital contribution was to collect, compile, organize, and rework the mathematical concepts of his predecessors into a coherent whole, later to be known as Euclidean geometry. In Euclid's method, deductions are made from premises or axioms.
Presenting a set of formal logical arguments based on a few basic terms and axioms, Euclid's Elements (c. 300 BCE) provided a systematic method of rational exploration that guided mathematicians, philosophers, and scientists well into the XIX century.
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natural selection is an example of a mechanism of evolution. does this mechanism produce a change in individuals or population? explain
Answers
Natural selection refers to the procedure where the species better amended to their surrounding appear to survive and generate more offspring. Natural selection refers to one of the mechanisms that make modifications in the frequencies of genes in populations and thus, it is the mechanism of evolutionary change.
However, the phenomenon of genetic drift and natural selection cannot take place unless and until there is a genetic variation, that is unless some individuals are genetically distinct from others.
A scientist conducted an experiment to test the hypothesis that maple seeds exposed to acid rain will take longer to germinate than seeds exposed to normal rain, which has a pH of 5.6. The scientist setup four groups, each containing 200 maple seeds. The water used for each group had a different pH value: 5.6, 4.0, 3.0, and 2.0. All other conditions were kept the same. After ten days, the number of seeds that had germinated in each group was counted. - Identify the dependent variable in this experiment. *
Answers
Answer:
Explanation below
Explanation:
Generally, the dependent variables are the things that are being tested in an experiment.
In this case, the question is incomplete because the data showing the number of the germinated seeds are not given.
But, it should be noted that, the dependent variable in the experiment performed or carried out on the maple seeds are the number of the germinated seeds.
What happens in Interphase?
a. The cell grows & replicates DNA
b. The cell splits in two
c. The chromosomes move to the middle
d. The cell starts to cleave
Answers
Answer:
A, Cell grows and replicates DNA
Explanation:
you can also just look this one up on googlo
The spotted eagle ray (Aetobatus narinori) shares the same class, Elasmobranchii, as white sharks (Carcharodon carcharias). What would be true about an organism that shares the same genus as the eagle ray? a) It would be equally related to eagle rays and white sharks. b) It could also share the same genus as white sharks. c) It would be more closely related to white sharks than the eagle ray. d) It could be in a different class than eagle rays. e) It would be more closely related to the eagle ray than to white sharks.
Answers
It could also share the same genus as white sharks. A genus is a category of biological classification ranking between family and species.
Option b is correct.
The first name given to a species is its genus name. Animals or plants that belong to the same genus have a number of characteristics in common. Each genus is made up of one or more species.What is Elasmobranchii?Sharks, rays, and skates belong to the Elasmobranchii class. Their skeletons are made up of cartilage instead of bone, they have several rows of teeth, and they breathe through five to seven gill slits on the sides of their heads.
Spotted Eagle Ray and White Sharks are part of the Elasmobranchii class. This does not, however, imply that they belong to the same genus. When two organisms share the same class, it indicates that they have several traits in common, such as having a skeleton made of cartilage and five to seven gill slits on the sides of their heads. The organisms in the same class are similar in general but not necessarily related more closely at the species or genus level.
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Darby, shift supervisor at Hoosier Meatpacking, has the highest performing team. One reason for this is how she controls her team's activities. First, she ensures that her subordinates are properly trained and properly equipped. Then, during the shift, she carefully monitors her workers' actions, taking notes and even measurements as needed. Finally, at the end of each work week, she analyzes her notes and measurement data, and she uses the results of her analysis to make needed production changes the following week. When Darby is monitoring her workers' actions, she is exercising __________ control.
Answers
When Darby is monitoring her workers' actions, she is exercising "Feedback Control."
- Feedback control is a type of control that involves monitoring performance and taking corrective action as needed.
- It is used to determine whether actual performance meets the set standards or not.
- In this case, Darby is monitoring her workers' actions during the shift to ensure they are performing their tasks properly.
- She takes notes and measurements as needed, which she later analyzes to make necessary production changes for the following week.
In conclusion, Darby is exercising feedback control when she monitors her workers' actions. This type of control allows her to maintain high-performance levels by detecting and correcting any deviations from the set standards. By using this approach, she is able to continuously improve her team's performance, which is why her team is the highest performing team at Hoosier Meatpacking.
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Project: Modeling Cells
Create a comic strip showing how functions of cell structures are similar to those of a factory and its workers
Answers
I am not capable of creating visual content such as a comic strip. However, I can provide some ideas and concepts that could be incorporated into a comic strip that shows the similarities between cell structures and a factory.
Nucleus as the CEO: The nucleus of a cell could be compared to the CEO of a factory. Both provide instructions to their workers to carry out various tasks.
Ribosomes as assembly lines: Ribosomes in a cell assemble proteins, much like an assembly line in a factory assembles products.
Mitochondria as power generators: Mitochondria generate energy for the cell, much like a power generator provides energy for a factory.
Endoplasmic reticulum as transportation: The endoplasmic reticulum transports materials throughout the cell, similar to how conveyor belts or trucks transport materials within a factory.
Golgi apparatus as packaging and shipping: The Golgi apparatus packages and ships proteins, similar to how a factory packages and ships products.
By incorporating these concepts into a comic strip, you can show the similarities between the functions of cell structures and a factory and its workers.
The energy in ATP is stored in ribose.
Question 2 options:
True
False
Answers
Answer:
true
Explanation:
Which best compares bacteria and viruses?
A.
Bacteria have membrane bound organelles, while viruses do not have membrane bound organelles.
B.
Bacteria cause disease, while viruses do not cause disease.
C.
Bacteria are living organisms, while viruses are considered non-living organisms.
D.
Bacteria have genetic material, while viruses do not have genetic material.
Answers
Answer:
c
Explanation:
viruses are nonliving, but they do have genetic material, cause disease, and i'm not sure about the membrane-bound organelles but they are definitely nonliving so the answer is c
Answer:
c bacteria are living organisms, while virus are considered non-living organisms.
dna repair mechanisms can help alleviate the effects of
Answers
DNA damage. DNA repair mechanisms are processes that cells use to fix or repair any damage or errors in the DNA molecule. The DNA damage can be caused by various factors, such as exposure to ionizing radiation, chemical mutagens, and normal cellular metabolic processes. If the DNA damage is not repaired, it can lead to mutations, genomic instability, and cell death. DNA repair mechanisms play a crucial role in maintaining the integrity of the genetic material and preventing diseases such as cancer and aging.
Base Excision Repair (BER): This mechanism repairs damaged bases in the DNA molecule by removing them and replacing them with the correct base, Nucleotide Excision Repair (NER): This mechanism removes large sections of damaged DNA and replaces them with new nucleotides, Double-Strand Break Repair: This mechanism repairs double-stranded breaks in the DNA molecule, which can be caused by exposure to ionizing radiation or other sources of DNA damage. Mismatch Repair: This mechanism corrects errors that occur during DNA replication, where a wrong nucleotide is incorporated into the DNA strand. Overall, DNA repair mechanisms help to maintain the integrity of the genetic material and prevent the harmful effects of DNA damage.
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where in the fossil record would you expect to see older common ancestors
Answers
the level at the bottom can see the fossil record of older common ancestors. Both the unity and the diversity of species are explained by biological evolution, the process by which all living organisms have evolved over many generations from common ancestors.
The similarities across species, which can be explained by the inheritance of similar traits from related ancestors, serve as illustrations of the unity. The diversity of species is also consistent with a common ancestor; it can be explained by the branching and diversification of lineages as populations changed in response to their environments, chiefly through natural selection.
The fossil record, comparative anatomy and embryology, the similarity of cellular functions and structures, and DNA sequence comparisons between species are all sources of evidence supporting shared origin.
Researchers are analyzing the genetic basis for some of the changes seen in the fossil record and those that can be inferred to link living species (like the armadillo) to their ancestors. As a result, our understanding of evolutionary relationships has recently been greatly accelerated (e.g., glyptodonts, a kind of extinct gigantic armadillo).
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Define photophosphorylation?
Answers
The photophosphorylation is the synthesis of ATP from ADP and phosphate in the plants using the light energy absorbed during the photosynthesis process.
Is the height of a wave measured from its midline
What does it mean????
Answers
Amplitude. The height of a wave from the midline to the crest
Which of the following is the term for cells that do not have a nucleus?
prokaryotic
glycolytic
synthetic
eukaryotic
Answers
Which tissue will be presentin lining of internal organs in animals? Bark in trees is made up of ___. Parenchyma consists of chlorophyll are known as ____. Write the characteristics of involuntary tissues. Write the difference between tendon and ligament Write the difference between simple & complex permanent tissue what will happen IF BASEMENT MEMBRANE IS REMOVED FROM EPITHELIUM Characteristics of schleranchyma tissues
please help me
timeis till 1 o'clock pm
Answers
Answer:
Epithelial tissuesubreninchlorenchymaThey are unstraited,smooth,not in our control ,present in glands and canalstendons join muscles to bone and ligament join skin to bone.see IMAGE FOR SOLUTION a hard simple permanent tissue,helps to protect outer layer
The nucleus is divided during what while the cytoplasm of the cell is divided during what?
Answers
Answer:
Mitosis and cytokinesis
Explanation:
I hope this helps you :)
If you learned that the results of DNA testing showed that two people have identical DNA, what might you conclude?
Answers
Answer:
The two people are identical twins or the samples were compromised in some way.
Explanation:
MATCH DISORDER: condition that results from short-term damage to the kidneys and is usually correctable; can be caused by low blood pressure, infections, or severe injuries
A) chronic renal failure
B) acute renal failure
C) kidney stones
D) proteinuria
Answers
The disorder that matches the description provided is B) acute renal failure. Acute renal failure refers to a condition characterized by the sudden and temporary impairment of kidney function.
It can occur due to various factors, such as low blood pressure, infections, severe injuries, or certain medications. The kidneys are responsible for filtering waste products and excess fluids from the blood, maintaining electrolyte balance, and regulating blood pressure. In acute renal failure, these functions are temporarily compromised, leading to a buildup of toxins and fluid imbalances in the body. However, with prompt and appropriate treatment, acute renal failure is usually correctable, and kidney function can be restored. It is important to identify and address the underlying causes of acute renal failure to prevent further damage and promote recovery.
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f how energy and matter move
through the environment under aerobic and anaerobic conditions.
Answers
Answer:
Energy drives the cycling of matter within and between systems. Energy drives the cycling of matter within and between systems in aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Photosynthesis and cellular respiration (including anaerobic processes) provide most of the energy for life processes.
function of cell membrane in muscle cells
Answers
Answer: The sarcolemma generally maintains the same function in muscle cells as the plasma membrane does in other eukaryote cells. It acts as a barrier between the extracellular and intracellular compartments, defining the individual muscle fiber from its surroundings
Explanation:
each winter , ice covers a lake , during this time fish in the lake have a smaller food supply what kind of disturbance is it
Answers
Answer: A natural disruption occurs when ice blocks a lake during the winter, resulting in a decreased food source for fish.
Explanation:
Events or processes known as "natural disturbances" take place in the natural world without human interference and have a big influence on ecosystems. In this instance, the lake's capacity to support fish is constrained by the creation of ice throughout the winter. As a barrier, the ice keeps sunlight from penetrating the water and reduces photosynthesis, and this in turn has an impact on the development of algae and other main producers. As a result, the lake's food chain is thrown off, which has an effect on the number of fish and their capacity to locate enough food.
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