a simple rc circuit consists of a 1-microf capacitor in series with a 2800-ohm resistor, a 6-v battery, and an open switch. initially, the capacitor is uncharged. a picture containing object, clock, person, player description automatically generated a) what is the time constant of the rc circuit? (2 pts) b) how long after the switch is closed will the current in the circuit drop to 1/3 of the initial value? (2 pts)
Answers
a) The time constant (τ) of the RC circuit is 2.8 milliseconds.
b) The current in the circuit will drop to 1/3 of the initial value approximately 1.2 milliseconds after the switch is closed.
a) The time constant (τ) of an RC circuit is given by the formula: τ = RC, where R is the resistance in ohms and C is the capacitance in farads.
In this case, R = 2800 ohms and C = 1 microfarad (or 10^-6 farads). Therefore, τ = RC = (2800 ohms) x (1 microfarad) = 2.8 milliseconds.
b) The current in the circuit is given by the formula: I = I₀ × e^(-t/τ), where I₀ is the initial current, t is the time elapsed since the switch was closed, and e is the mathematical constant approximately equal to 2.71828.
To find the time at which the current drops to 1/3 of the initial value, we can set I/I₀ = 1/3 and solve for t
1/3 = e^(-t/τ)
ln(1/3) = -t/τ
t = -τ × ln(1/3)
Substituting the value of τ we found in part (a), we get
t = -2.8 ms × ln(1/3) ≈ 1.2 ms
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Related Questions
From which evidence can a forensic expert extract DNA?
Answers
Answer:
The biological material used to determine a DNA profile include blood, semen, saliva, urine, feces, hair, teeth, bone, tissue and cells.
Explanation:
Answer:
bone
Explanation:
You are growing a little taller each year. What units could you use to measure how fast
you are growing?
Answers
Answer:
inches and feet (or even centameters)
Explanation:
these are all common units used to measure height
consider the relationship between the energy of electromagnetic radiation and its wavelength. what will happen if the energy increases? the wavelength will remain the same. the wavelength will increase. the wavelength will decrease. what will happen if the wavelength increases? the energy will increase. the energy will remain the same. the energy will decrease.
Answers
Electromagnetic radiation is a sort of energy emission. This has two components, electrical and magnetic components, as is clear from the name. The radiation is hence known as electromagnetic radiation. In Fig. 1.1, it is depicted. From a very low frequency of 3 Hz to a very high frequency of 300 EHz (1 EHz = 1018 Hz), this radiation has a wide frequency range. Table 1.1 lists the metric prefixes along with their symbols.
The magnetic and electric vectors are perpendicular to one another and to the path of propagation. In Fig. 1, this is depicted. 1. Depending on the frequency, this electromagnetic spectrum is separated into different section
Wavelength and Frequency Relationship
Wavelength
According , a wavelength is the separation between two crests or troughs. It is described in the "electronic spectrum" in terms of nm. 1 nm = 10−9 m. Radiation's energy and wavelength are inversely related. In other words, energy increases when the wavelength lowers and decreases when the wavelength grows.
In the IR spectrum, wavenumber, which has the SI value of cm1, is used in place of or v.
The relationship between frequency and wavelength
where is the wavenumber, is the wavelength, c is the speed of light, and is the frequency of the radiation.
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A sphere with a mass of 5 kg and radius of 0.8 m travels at a speed of 15 m/s at sea level. If the drag coefficient is 0.5, what is the drag force the object experiences? What is the drag force if the sphere moves with a speed of 20 m/s?
Answers
At a speed of 15 m/s, the sphere experiences a drag force of about 226.1 N and At a speed of 20 m/s, the sphere experiences a drag force of about 402.4 N.
The drag force experienced by a moving object in a fluid, such as air or water, is given by the formula:
F_ drag = 1/2 × ρ × v² × A × C_ d
where F_ drag is the drag force, ρ is the density of the fluid, v is the velocity of the object, A is the cross-sectional area of the object, and C_ d is the drag coefficient.
Given that the sphere has a mass of 5 kg and a radius of 0.8 m, we can calculate its cross-sectional area as:
A = π × r² = π × (0.8 m)²
= 2.01 m²
Assuming the density of air is approximately 1.2 kg/m³ at sea level, we can calculate the drag force experienced by the sphere at a speed of 15 m/s:
F_ drag = 1/2 × ρ × v² × A × C_ d
F_ drag = 1/2 × 1.2 kg/m³ × (15 m/s)² × 2.01 m² × 0.5
F_ drag = 226.1 N
Therefore, the drag force experienced by the sphere at a speed of 15 m/s is approximately 226.1 N.
To calculate the drag force if the sphere moves with a speed of 20 m/s, we can use the same formula but with the new velocity value:
F_ drag = 1/2 × ρ × v² × A × C_ d
F_ drag = 1/2 × 1.2 kg/m³ × (20 m/s)^2 × 2.01 m² × 0.5
F_ drag = 402.4 N
Therefore, the drag force experienced by the sphere at a speed of 20 m/s is approximately 402.4 N.
As we can see, the drag force increases with the square of the velocity. This means that as the object moves faster, it experiences a significantly larger drag force, which can affect its trajectory and speed. In real-world scenarios, understanding and accounting for drag forces is essential for designing and optimizing vehicles, sports equipment, and other objects that interact with fluids.
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how can a rocket change direction when it is far out in space and is essentially in a vacuum? cite physics principles that apply.
Answers
A rocket can change direction in space by utilizing the principle of conservation of momentum and employing various propulsion techniques.
Newton's third law states that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. Rockets take advantage of this principle by expelling high-velocity exhaust gases in one direction, resulting in a reactive force that propels the rocket in the opposite direction, allowing it to change its direction of motion.
To change direction, a rocket can use thrusters or engine gimballing. Thrusters are small engines that can be fired in different directions to provide the necessary force for altering the rocket's path. Engine gimballing involves swiveling the rocket engine, allowing the exhaust gases to be expelled at an angle, thus changing the direction of the rocket.
Another method involves gravity assists or slingshot maneuvers. By utilizing the gravitational pull of celestial bodies, such as planets or moons, a spacecraft can change its trajectory and direction. The spacecraft can perform a carefully calculated flyby, using the gravity of the celestial body to gain speed or alter its trajectory.
In summary, rockets change direction in space by utilizing the principles of conservation of momentum, Newton's third law, and employing techniques like thrusters, engine gimballing, or gravity assists. These methods enable the spacecraft to alter its course and navigate effectively even in the vacuum of space.
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1. Describe the difference between photographic plates and
charge-coupled devices?
2. Explain the importance of the Hubble Space Telescope
(HST).
Answers
Photographic plates and charge-coupled devices (CCDs) are two different technologies used for capturing images in astronomy.
Photographic plates are glass or plastic sheets coated with light-sensitive chemicals. They were widely used before the advent of digital imaging. When exposed to light, the chemicals on the plate undergo a chemical reaction, producing a latent image.
The plate needs to be chemically developed to make the image visible. Photographic plates have a long history in astronomy and were the primary method of image capture for many decades.
On the other hand, charge-coupled devices (CCDs) are electronic sensors used in digital imaging. They consist of an array of tiny light-sensitive pixels that convert incoming light into electrical charge. The charge is then read out and converted into digital data.
CCDs offer several advantages over photographic plates, including higher sensitivity, wider dynamic range, faster data acquisition, and the ability to store and transmit images digitally. These characteristics make CCDs more efficient and practical for modern astronomical observations.
The Hubble Space Telescope (HST) holds tremendous importance in the field of astronomy. Launched in 1990, the HST has provided unprecedented views of the universe, free from the distortions caused by Earth's atmosphere. Its location above the atmosphere allows it to observe celestial objects with exceptional clarity and detail.
The HST has made numerous groundbreaking discoveries, including precise measurements of the expansion rate of the universe, the detection of planets around other stars, and the identification of distant galaxies that formed shortly after the Big Bang.
Moreover, the HST has revolutionized our understanding of the cosmos through its stunning images, capturing the beauty and complexity of celestial objects like galaxies, nebulas, and star clusters. It has enabled scientists to study the life cycles of stars, investigate the properties of black holes, and explore the mysteries of dark matter and dark energy.
The HST's contributions to astronomy have shaped our knowledge of the universe and inspired generations of scientists and the general public alike. Its observations continue to push the boundaries of our understanding and pave the way for future space telescopes and missions.
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on a whim, you are trying to stand in a cart attached to a strong spring. the spring is compressed and then released, and you oscillate back and forth, trying to maintain your balance. there is a sand bag in the cart.
Answers
The effect that this will have on the amplitude of your oscillation.is b.) The amplitude of oscillation will decrease.
What is the amplitude?The amplitude of an oscillating system is the magnitude of change in the oscillating variable with each oscillation. Sound waves in air, for example, are oscillations in atmospheric pressure, and their amplitudes are proportional to the pressure change during one oscillation.
When a wave travels through a medium, it loses energy as it moves. As the distance between the wave and its source grows, it spreads out over a larger and larger area. As the wave spreads through the medium, it loses energy and its amplitude decreases.
In this case, at the point of equilibrium, the cart and the skater will have maximum kinetic energy. By dropping the same bag, the energy is reduced. The amplitude of an oscillating pendulum decreases with time because of friction due to air
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On a whim, you are trying to stand in a cart attached to a strong spring. The spring is compressed and then released, and you oscillate back and forth, trying to maintain your balance. There is a sand bag in the cart.
At the instant you pass through the equilibrium (x=0) location of the spring, you drop the sandbag onto the ground, out of the cart.
Question: If you drop the sand bag out of the cart right at the equibrium location, what effect will that have on the amplitude of your oscillation? (choose correct choice):
a.) The amplitude of oscillation will increase.
b.) The amplitude of oscillation will decrease.
c.) There will be no effect on the amplitude.
Convert 7.5 g/cm3 to kg/m3
Answers
Answer:
7500
Explanation:
multiply the mass / volume value by 1000
What unit is used to measure the period of a wave?
A. Seconds
B. Meters
C. Hertz
D. Meters/second
Answers
Answer:
D. Meters/Seconds
Explanation:
The time period of a wave is measured in seconds.
A typical wave involves both time and distance. Consider a sound wave, which is basically a periodic modulation of the local air pressure. We "hear" the sound because our ears respond to the variations of pressure.
The most common metric of a sound wave is frequency. This is the rate at which the change in pressure occurs, and is measured in cycles per second, formally known as "hertz". The period is the inverse of frequency andl has the units of seconds per cycle, commonly stated simply as seconds.
How much work is done in moving a \( 25.0 \mathrm{~kg} \) book to a shelf \( 1.50 \mathrm{~m} \) high? What is the potential energy of the book as a result?
Answers
the work done to raise a 25kg book to a 1.5 m shelf is 367.5J and the potential energy of the book will be 367.5
Work done by a force is equal to the scalar product of the force applied and displacement. If d displacement happens on applying a force F, then work done, W by the force is
W = F. d
given:
mass, m = 25 kg
height, d = 1.50 m
work has to be done against the weight of the book, F = mg
work done W = F. d
W = mgd
W = (25) ×(9.8)×(1.50)
W = 367.5 J
This work is stored as the potential energy of the book.
Therefore, the work done to raise a 25kg book to a 1.5 m shelf is 367.5J and the potential energy of the book will be 367.5J
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what is the maximum allowable length for float glass jalousies
Answers
The maximum allowable length for float glass jalousies is 150 cm.
What is Float Glass?
Float glass refers to a type of glass that is made by floating molten glass on a bed of molten metal. Float glass is a popular type of glass because it is both strong and durable.
Float glass is often used in windows, mirrors, and other applications where high-quality glass is required.
What is a Jalousie?
A jalousie is a type of window that consists of a series of parallel glass panes that are set in a frame. Jalousies are typically designed to allow air to flow through them, which makes them ideal for use in hot climates where ventilation is important.
What is the maximum allowable length for float glass jalousies?
The maximum allowable length for float glass jalousies is 150 cm. This means that any jalousies that are made from float glass cannot exceed this length. This limit is in place to ensure that the glass is strong enough to support itself and to prevent it from breaking under its own weight.
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Give three examples of how biotechnology affects our everyday lives.
Write and complete sentences
Site your sources
Answers
Answer: But what about beer-brewing, crop breeding, and the antibiotic penicillin? These processes and products – some of which have been around for thousands of years – are also examples of biotechnology.
Explanation:
Specifically, industrial biotechnology uses enzymes and micro-organisms to make bio-based products in sectors such as chemicals, food ingredients, detergents, paper, textiles and biofuels. ... Since that time, industrial biotechnology has produced enzymes for use in our daily lives and for the manufacturing sector.
A certain physics textbook shows a region of space in which two electric field lines cross each other. We conclude that:
A) at least two point charges are present
B) an electrical conductor is present
C) an insulator is present
D) the field points in two directions at the same place
E) the author made a mistake
Answers
The correct answer to this question is D) The field points in two directions at the same place. Electric field lines represent the direction of the electric field at a given point in space.
When two electric field lines cross each other, it means that at that point, the electric field has two different directions. This is only possible if there are two or more charges of different signs in the vicinity, as the electric field lines always point from positive charges to negative charges.
The presence of an electrical conductor or insulator is not relevant in this situation, as they do not affect the direction of the electric field lines. However, it is important to note that conductors can redistribute charges in a way that can affect the electric field, leading to differences in the distribution of electric field lines.
In summary, the presence of two crossing electric field lines implies the existence of at least two point charges of opposite signs. It is a fundamental concept in electrostatics and is used to explain a wide range of phenomena, including electric fields around charges and the behavior of electrical circuits.
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how to write it in second?
Answers
Answer:
like this
Explanation:
An ant clings to the outside edge of the tire of an exercise bicycle. When you start pedaling, the ant's speed increases from zero to 12 m/s in3. 3 s. The wheel's rotational acceleration is11 rad/s2.
1: Determine the average tangential acceleration of the tire.
2: Determine the radius of the tire.
3: Determine the angle the ant has turned during this time interval.
4: Determine the distance the ant has traveled along the arc during this time interval
Answers
1: Average tangential acceleration = (12 m/s - 0 m/s) / 3.3 s ≈ 3.64 m/s²
2: radius = 3.64 m/s² / 11 rad/s² ≈ 0.331 m
3: θ = 0.5 * 11 rad/s² * (3.3 s)² ≈ 59.67 radians
4: The ant has traveled approximately 19.78 meters along the arc of the tire during the given time interval.
1: The average tangential acceleration of the tire can be determined using the formula:
Average tangential acceleration = (final tangential velocity - initial tangential velocity) / time
Given that the ant's speed increases from zero to 12 m/s in 3.3 seconds, the initial tangential velocity is 0 m/s and the final tangential velocity is 12 m/s. Plugging these values into the formula, we get:
Average tangential acceleration = (12 m/s - 0 m/s) / 3.3 s ≈ 3.64 m/s²
2: The radius of the tire can be determined using the formula:
Average tangential acceleration = rotational acceleration * radius
Given that the rotational acceleration of the wheel is 11 rad/s² and the average tangential acceleration is 3.64 m/s², we can rearrange the formula to solve for the radius:
radius = average tangential acceleration / rotational acceleration
Plugging in the values, we get:
radius = 3.64 m/s² / 11 rad/s² ≈ 0.331 m
3: The angle the ant has turned during this time interval can be calculated using the formula:
θ = 0.5 * rotational acceleration * (time)²
Plugging in the given values, we get:
θ = 0.5 * 11 rad/s² * (3.3 s)² ≈ 59.67 radians
4: The distance the ant has traveled along the arc during this time interval can be calculated using the formula:
Distance = radius * θ
Plugging in the values, we get:
Distance = 0.331 m * 59.67 radians ≈ 19.78 meters
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TRUE/FALSE. if an object remains at rest, then the sum of both the external torques and the external forces on the object must be zero.
Answers
It is true if the sum of both the external torques and the external forces on an object is zero, then the object must be at rest .
What happens when object remains at rest?Newton's First Law states that an object with no net forces acting on it which is initially at rest will remain at rest. If it is moving, then it will continue to move in a straight line with constant velocity.
If net external force on a system of particles is zero then the velocity of the center of mass of the system must also be constant. A body is said to be in rest if it does not change its position continuously with respect to surroundings and with the passage of time.
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A bullet has a speed of 500 m/s as it leaves a rifle. If it is fired horizontally from a cliff 12m above a lake, how far does the bullet travel before striking the water?
Answers
Write a description of how you know a chemical reaction is occurring
Answers
Answer:
A change of color, formation of bubbles, color change, formation of gas, change of temperature.
Explanation:
Answer:
Chemical reactions involve the chemical interaction of two or more chemical substances, result in a new substance being formed, and are usually irreversible. The signs of chemical reactions include gas formation, energy release in the form of light or flame, heat absorption, precipitate formation, and color change.
Explanation:
Sample Response
Any Answer Would Be Appreciated
A thermometer is removed from a beaker of boiling water and placed in a beaker of room temperature water. The thermometer takes 15 seconds to reach a reading of 25°C. The same thermometer is returned to the boiling water for several minutes. It is then placed under a tap of running water at room temperature.The thermometer takes only 10 seconds to reach a reading of 25°C.
What conclusion could you make about conduction and convection based on these observations?
Your answer:
Conduction is a more efficient method of heat transfer.
Convection is a more efficient method of heat transfer.
No valid conclusion is suggested by these observations.
Conduction and convection are equally efficient methods of heat transfer.
Answers
Answer:
last one.Condution and convection are equzlly efficentmethods of heat transfer.
Explanation:
Answer: B convection is a more efficient method of heat transfer
Explanation:
two wires are identical, except that one is aluminum and one is gold. the aluminum wire has a resistance of 0.16 ω. what is the resistance of the gold wire?
Answers
The resistance of the gold wire cannot be determined with the information given. The resistance of a wire depends on several factors, including its length, cross-sectional area, and resistivity.
While we know the resistance of the aluminum wire, we do not know any of these other factors for the gold wire. Additionally, the resistivity of gold is different from that of aluminum, so even if we did know all the other factors, we could not simply use the same resistance value for the gold wire.
Therefore, to determine the resistance of the gold wire, we would need more information, such as its length and cross-sectional area.
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under 14 cfr part 91, what are the minimum number of hours that must pass after a person consumes alcohol before they may act as a crewmember?
Answers
Under 14 CFR Part 91, a crewmember must wait at least 8 hours after consuming alcohol before acting as a crewmember of a civil aircraft.
No individual under the influence of alcohol may perform or try to act as a crewmember of a civil aircraft, in accordance with 14 CFR Part 91. A person may not work as a crew member of a civil aircraft within eight hours after ingesting alcohol, while impaired by alcohol, or while using any drug that impairs their ability to make decisions that are unsafe. The 8-hour "bottle-to-throttle" regulation was put in place by the FAA to make sure that crew members had enough time to get the alcohol out of their systems before flying an aircraft.
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PLS PLS HELP I'LL MARK YOU BRAINLISTTT!!!!
Answers
Answer:
i think it might be 5
sry if im wrong
-15 +20 =5
Exercise 1. Show what relation between two sets S and T must hold so that ∣S∪T∣= ∣S∣+∣T∣, provide an example. Exercise 2. Show that for all sets S and T,S−T=S∩ T
ˉ
provide an example. Exercise 3. Use induction on the size of S to show that if S is a finite set, then ∣
∣
2 S
∣
∣
=2 ∣S
. Exercise 4. Show that S1=S2 if and only if (S 1
∩ S
ˉ
2
)∪( S
ˉ
1
∩S 2
)=∅. Exercise 5. Obtain the disjunctive normal form of (P∧¬(Q∧R))∨(P⇒Q). Exercise 6. Can we conclude S from the following premises? (i) P⇒Q (ii) P⇒R (iii) ¬(Q∧R) (iv) S∨P Exercise 7. Show that: (¬P∧(¬Q∧R))∨(Q∧R)∨(P∧R)⇔R Exercise 8. Give an indirect proof of: (¬Q,P⇒Q,P∨S)⇒S
Answers
Exercise 1: S and T must be disjoint sets , Exercise 2: S−T = S∩ Tˉ , Exercise 3: ∣P(S)∣ = 2∣S∣ , Exercise 4: S1=S2 if and only if (S1∩ Sˉ2)∪( Sˉ1∩S2)=∅ , Exercise 5: The DNF is (P∨(¬Q∨¬R))∨(¬P∨Q) ,Exercise 6: Cannot conclude S from the given premises.
Exercise 1: The relation between sets S and T for ∣S∪T∣= ∣S∣+∣T∣ is that S and T must be disjoint sets, meaning they have no common elements.
Example: Let S = {1, 2} and T = {3, 4}. The union of S and T is {1, 2, 3, 4}, and the cardinality of S is 2, the cardinality of T is 2, and the cardinality of S∪T is 4, which satisfies the equation.
Exercise 2: To show that S−T = S∩ Tˉ, we need to demonstrate that the set difference between S and T is equal to the intersection of S and the complement of T.
Example: Let S = {1, 2, 3, 4} and T = {3, 4, 5, 6}. The set difference S−T is {1, 2}, and the intersection of S and the complement of T (Tˉ) is also {1, 2}. Hence, S−T = S∩ Tˉ.
Exercise 3: Using induction, if S is a finite set, we can show that ∣P(S)∣ = 2∣S∣, where P(S) represents the power set of S. The base case is when S has a size of 0, and the power set has a size of 1 (including the empty set).
For the inductive step, assuming it holds for a set of size n, we show that it holds for a set of size n+1 by adding an additional element to S, resulting in doubling the number of subsets.
Exercise 4: S1=S2 if and only if (S1∩ Sˉ2)∪( Sˉ1∩S2) is an empty set, meaning the intersection of the complement of S2 with S1 and the intersection of the complement of S1 with S2 have no common elements.
Exercise 5: The disjunctive normal form (DNF) of (P∧¬(Q∧R))∨(P⇒Q) is (P∨(¬Q∨¬R))∨(¬P∨Q).
Exercise 6: We cannot conclude S from the given premises (i) P⇒Q, (ii) P⇒R, (iii) ¬(Q∧R), (iv) S∨P. The premises do not provide sufficient information to infer the value of S.
Exercise 7: The statement (¬P∧(¬Q∧R))∨(Q∧R)∨(P∧R)⇔R is equivalent to R. The expression simplifies to R by applying the laws of logic and simplifying the Boolean expression.
Exercise 8: An indirect proof of (¬Q,P⇒Q,P∨S)⇒S would involve assuming the negation of S and deriving a contradiction. However, without additional information or premises, it is not possible to provide a specific indirect proof for this statement.
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A wire is placed between the poles of a horseshoe magnet. There is a current in the wire in the direction shown, and this causes a force to act on the wire.
Answers
List three ways we use pressure in our everyday lives.
(Will mark brainliest)
Answers
Answer:
The area of the edge of a knife's blade is extremely small.
Syringes are used to take blood for blood tests.
When air is sucked out of a drinking straw, the air pressure inside if decreases and the atmospheric pressure outside forces the liquid to go inside the straw.
Explanation:
Hope this helped, Have a Great Day/Night!!
which of the following factors determines the strength of the frictional force between two surfaces
Answers
Answer:
Explanation:
The strength of the force of friction depends on two factors: how hard the surfaces push together and the types of surfaces involved. What factors affect the gravitational force between two objects? Two factors affect the gravitational attraction between objects: mass and distance.
Help please asap!!!!
Answers
Answer:
Line A is fastest and Line D is slowest
Explanation:
Line A is the fastest moving object because the bar is steepest. Line A travelled the furthest in the least time, so Line A is moving fastest. Line D is the slowest object because the bar is least steep. Line D travelled the least distance in the most time, so Line D moves the slowest.
Hopefully the answer and explanation helps!
4) Matt moved a 8N ball a distance of 5 m. What was the
amount of work done?
Answers
Answer:
40joules
Explanation:
Work done = force × distance
Therefore 5×8=40
Work done is 40 joules
PLEASE ANSWER THIS ASAP THIS IS A SCIENCE QUESTION NO LINKS
Answers
Answer:
I believe the answer would be kinetic energy to thermal energy.
Explanation:
Thermal energy is the heat of the brakes, and the kinetic energy would be when the car is in motion before stopping.
A camera lens used for taking close-up photographs has a focal length of 23.5 mm. The farthest it can be placed from the film is 33.0 mm. (a) What is the closest object that can be photographed? (b) What is the magnification of this closest object?
Answers
The closest object that can be photographed is 81.63mm and the magnification of this closest object is -0.404.
The focal length of a lens is determined when the lens is focused at infinity. It is obtained from the reciprocal of objects' distance and image distance. Magnification is the enlarged image that is formed over the object size.
From the given,
focal length (f) = 23.5mm
object's distance (u) = 33mm
imagen distance(v) =?
Focal length, (1/f) = 1/u + 1/v
1/v = 1/f - 1/u
=1/23.5 - 1/33
1/v = 12.2mm
v = 1/12.2 mm
= 81.96mm
Thud, the image distance is v= 81.96mm.
Magnification (M) = -v/u
M = -33 / 81.96
= - 0.402.
Thus, the magnification is -0.402.
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