The pka for the HA²⁻ is about 9.67. This can be calculated through bisection method as it is a conjugate base.
What is the pKa value?HA²⁻ is the conjugate base of H₃A, a triprotic acid with pKa values of 2.50, 5.75, and 9.25. It can be written as:
Step 1: Find the pH at which the species Ha²⁻ has half the proton concentration of A³⁻. For a triprotic acid with:
pKa1 < pKa2 < pKa3, the concentration of A³⁻ can be calculated using the following equation:
[A³⁻] = ( [H⁺]³) / ([H⁺]³ + K₁[H⁺]² + K₁K₂[H⁺]+ K₁K₂K₃)
Let x be the concentration of HA²⁻. Then, [A³⁻] = ( [H⁺]³ ) / ([H⁺]³ + K₁[H⁺]² + K₁K₂[H⁺] + K₁K₂K₃) = ( [H⁺]³ ) / ([H⁺]³ + [H⁺]²[0.00316] + [H⁺][0.00316 × 0.01] + [0.00316 × 0.01 × 0.0001] )
Thus, [A³⁻] = [H⁺]³/ ([H⁺]³ + 3.16 × 10⁻⁶ [H⁺]² + 3.16 × 10⁻⁸ [H⁺] + 3.16 × 10⁻¹¹)
Let [A³⁻] = [HA²⁻]/2 = x/2
Thus, [H⁺]³ / ([H⁺]³ + 3.16 × 10⁻⁶ [H⁺]² + 3.16 × 10⁻⁸ [H⁺] + 3.16 × 10⁻¹¹) = x/2
Since, [H⁺] = 10-pH, and pH = pKa + log10([A-]/[HA]),
we can rewrite the expression as: (10-pH)³ = x/2 (3.16 × 10⁻⁶ + × 2 3.16 × 10⁻⁸ + × 3.16 × 10⁻¹¹ +1)
Rearranging, we get: ×3.16 × 10⁻⁶ + ×2 3.16 × 10⁻⁸ + × 3.16 × 10⁻¹¹ +1 - (2 (10-pH)3) = 0
We can solve this using numerical methods such as Newton-Raphson or bisection method. For simplicity, we can use an online calculator to get the answer. We get: pH = 4.33Thus, the pKa value of Ha2- is:pKa = 14 - pH = 9.67
Learn more about pH here:
https://brainly.com/question/491373
#SPJ11
Calculate the volume of oxygen produced at 298K and 100 kPa by the decomposition of 30 cm3 of 0.1 mol dm_3 H2O2.
Match the following definitions to the most appropriate term:a substance that donates one proton when dissolved in water [ Choose] a substance that donates two protons when dissolved in water [ Choose analyte diprotic acid salt triprotic acid monoprotic acid titrant a substance that donates three protons when dissolved in water any ionic compound whose cation comes from a base and whose anion comes from an acid [Choose] the solution in the buret [ Choose] < the solution in the flask [Choose]
monoprotic acid, diprotic acid , triprotic acid , salt ,titrant and analyte are the solution of unknown concentration that is being titrated.
a substance that donates one proton when dissolved in water: monoprotic acid
a substance that donates two protons when dissolved in water: diprotic acid
a substance that donates three protons when dissolved in water: triprotic acid
any ionic compound whose cation comes from a base and whose anion comes from an acid: salt
the solution in the burette: titrant
the solution in the flask: analyte
In acid-base titrations, a titrant is a solution of known concentration that is used to titrate an analyte solution of unknown concentration. The titrant is added slowly to the analyte until the reaction between the two is complete. The point at which the reaction is complete is known as the endpoint.
A monoprotic acid is an acid that can donate only one proton or hydrogen ion (\(H^{+}\)) per molecule. Examples include hydrochloric acid (HCl) and acetic acid (\(CH_{3} COOH\)).
A diprotic acid is an acid that can donate two protons or hydrogen ions
(\(H^{+}\)) per molecule. Examples include sulfuric acid (\(H_{2} SO_{4}\)) and carbonic acid (\(H_{2}C O_{3}\)).
A triprotic acid is an acid that can donate three protons or hydrogen ions (\(H^{+}\)) per molecule. An example of a triprotic acid is phosphoric acid
(\(H_{3} PO_{4}\)).
A salt is an ionic compound that is formed by the reaction of an acid and a base. The cation comes from the base, while the anion comes from the acid.
The analyte is the substance being analyzed or measured in an experiment or titration. In acid-base titrations, it is the solution of unknown concentration that is being titrated.
To know more about concentration click here:
brainly.com/question/10725862
#SPJ4
what is a brine solution ?
Answer:
the aqueous solution of Naclis known as brine
Calculate how much 95thyl alcohol is required to dissolve 075 g sulfanilamidwe at 78 degrees celsius
3.57 ml of 95% ethyl alcohol will be required to dissolve 0.75 g sulphanilamide at 78 degrees Celsius.
ExplanationLets convert sulphanilamide into mg
m(sulphanilamide) = 0.75 g
= 0.75 × 1000
= 750 mg.
We know that,
210 mg : 1 ml = 750 mg : V(ethyl alcohol).
By simplifying
210 mg × V(ethyl alcohol) = 750 ml × mg.
V(ethyl alcohol) = 3.57 ml
Thus, 3.57 ml of 95% ethyl alcohol will be required.
What is sulphanilamide?Sulfanilamide is a sulfonamide antibacterial medication that can also be spelt as sulphanilamide. It is an organic compound made composed of an aniline that has been sulfonamide-derivatized. In World War II, the Allies utilized powdered sulfanilamide to lower infection rates, which also helped to significantly lower mortality rates than in earlier conflicts.
Due to its toxicity and the availability of more potent sulfonamides for this function, sulfanilamide is seldom ever administered systemically. Sulfanilamide has been replaced by modern antibiotics on the battlefield, but it is still used today in topical formulations, primarily for treating vulvovaginitis, a vaginal yeast infection caused by Candida albicans.
Learn more about sulphanilamide
https://brainly.com/question/8314697
#SPJ4
The graph represents the change in that occurs when food is cooked over a charcoal grill. Which statement correctly explains the graph?A. The reactants are unlit charcoal that has already released its energy, and the products are charcoal that has already burned.B. The reactants are charcoal that has already burned and released its energy, and the products are unlit charcoal.C. The reactants are unlit charcoal, and the products are charcoal that has already burned and released its energy.D. The reactants are charcoal that has already burned, and the products are unlit charcoal that has already released its energy.
The answer is C.
The reactants are charcoal that is unlit + oxygen and the products are the burnt charcoal + energy.
\(C_xH_y+O_{2\text{ }}\rightarrow CO_2+H_2O\text{ + heat}\)So for every combustion reaction like this one, CxHy is the wood. So before you light the wood, it is actally a reactant together with oxygen, because without oxygen the wood will not burn. So under the influence of heat, wood produces substances like carbon dioxide and heat, the moment you see wood burning it it already producing products, CO2 and heat (which is the fire). This is a combustion reaction.
Combustion reaction is exothermic because it releases energy.
The final digit in a measurement is obtained by estimating between the smallestmarked lines.a) Trueb) False
Answer:
\(A:\text{ True}\)Explanation:
Here, we want to get how the final digit in a measurement is obtained
Mathematically, the final digit can be obtained by estimation
Hence, we say that the value is uncertain
The final digit is obtained by a mark or between the last mark and the next mark in a measurement
Thus, we call this value uncertain since it is estimated
8. (12 points) In a certain mixture of liquid, there is a top layer of water (n = 1.333) and a bottom layer of benzene (n = 1.501). The container is open to air (n = 1.000). If a light ray hits the water at an incidence angle of 23º, what will the transmission angle be in the benzene?
When a light ray passes from water to benzene with an incidence angle of 23º, the transmission angle in the benzene layer is approximately 20.14º, calculated using Snell's law.
The transmission angle of a light ray passing from water to benzene can be determined using Snell's law. In this case, the incidence angle is 23º, and the refractive indices of water, benzene, and air are given as 1.333, 1.501, and 1.000, respectively.
To calculate the transmission angle, we can use Snell's law, which states that the ratio of the sines of the angles of incidence and transmission is equal to the ratio of the refractive indices of the two media:
n1 sinθ1 = n2 sinθ2
where n1 and n2 are the refractive indices of the respective media, and θ1 and θ2 are the angles of incidence and transmission.
In this case, the light ray is incident on the water (n1 = 1.333) with an incidence angle of 23º (θ1 = 23º). We need to find the transmission angle in the benzene (θ2).
Let's calculate the transmission angle using Snell's law:
sinθ2 = (n1 / n2) * sinθ1
sinθ2 = (1.333 / 1.501) * sin(23º)
Calculating the right side of the equation:
sinθ2 = 0.888 * 0.3907
sinθ2 ≈ 0.3465
To find the transmission angle, we take the inverse sine of the calculated value:
θ2 = arcsin(0.3465)
θ2 ≈ 20.14º
Therefore, the transmission angle in the benzene is approximately 20.14º.
In summary, when a light ray hits the water at an incidence angle of 23º, the transmission angle in the benzene layer is approximately 20.14º, as calculated using Snell's law.
To learn more about Snell's law click here: brainly.com/question/2273464
#SPJ11
(110.3 g) + (45.27 g) + (54.43 g)
Answer:
210 grams
Explanation:
just add them all up
methyl red, abbreviated hmr, is a common acid-base indicator. when methyl red is added to distilled water, the solution turns yellow. if a drop of 6.0 m hcl solution is added to the yellow solution, it turns red. explain
The addition of the HCl solution to the yellow solution causes the pH to decrease, which shifts the equilibrium of methyl red towards the acidic form and results in the solution turning red.
What is methyl red ?A pH indicator called methyl red changes color across a certain pH range. When the pH is below 4.4, it is yellow and when the pH is above 6.2, it is red. The pH of the mixture is neutral when methyl red is added to distilled water which is higher than the pH range where methyl red turns red. As a result, the mixture appears yellow.
Therefore, the addition of the HCl solution to the yellow solution causes the pH to decrease, which shifts the equilibrium of methyl red towards the acidic form and results in the solution turning red.
Learn more about methyl red here : brainly.com/question/29315749
#SPJ4
HELP PLEASE lol, I just need a couple answers but I can't find this one anywhere, pic of question down below. :)
Answer:
It's b
Explanation:
Thor pushes a car with a mass of 2500 kg. It accelerates 5 m/s2. How much force did Thor apply?
Answer:
The answer is 12500 NExplanation:
The force acting on an object given it's mass and acceleration can be found by using the formula
force = mass × acceleration
From the question we have
force = 2500 × 5
We have the final answer as
12500 NHope this helps you
An ideal gas contained in 5.0 liter chamber at a temperature of 37°C. If
the gas exerts a pressure of 2.0 atm on the walls of the chamber, which of
the following expressions is equal to the number of moles of the gas?
a.
(2.0)(5.0)
(2.0) (310)
b. (2.0)(0.0821)
(5.0) (37)
c.
(2.0) (0.0821)
(5.0) (310)
d.
(0.0821) (37)
(0.0821)(5.0)
e.
(2.0)(5.0)
(0.0821) (310)
Answer:
i am doing this in science also i would like to know if u know
Explanation:
what is the importance of polar covalent and hydrogen bonds in the structure of water?
Answer:
Water is a remarkable substance, and its unique properties are largely due to the presence of polar covalent bonds and hydrogen bonds in its structure. These characteristics play a crucial role in the physical and chemical properties of water, making it essential for life as we know it.
Explanation:
The polar covalent bonds in water arise from the unequal sharing of electrons between oxygen and hydrogen atoms. This results in the oxygen atom having a partial negative charge (δ-) and the hydrogen atoms having partial positive charges (δ+). These charges create polarity within the water molecule, leading to the formation of hydrogen bonds.
Hydrogen bonds occur when the partially positive hydrogen atom of one water molecule is attracted to the partially negative oxygen atom of another water molecule. These hydrogen bonds are relatively weak individually, but when present in large numbers, they contribute to the cohesion, surface tension, and high boiling point of water.
The importance of these bonds is manifold. The cohesion between water molecules due to hydrogen bonding enables water to form droplets, have a high surface tension, and flow freely, facilitating transport within organisms and in the environment. Additionally, hydrogen bonding leads to the high specific heat capacity and heat of vaporization of water, making it an effective regulator of temperature in living organisms and ensuring stable environmental conditions.
Furthermore, hydrogen bonds play a crucial role in the unique properties of water as a solvent. The polar nature of water allows it to dissolve a wide range of substances, including ionic compounds and polar molecules, facilitating various biological processes such as nutrient transport and chemical reactions in cells.
How many significant figures in 0.4004 ml
four
Explanation:
four significant figures in 0.4004 ml
Ethanoic acid is a weak acid because
Is a carboxylic acid
Does not irritate the skin
Is not completely ionized in water
Produces one hydrogen ion per molecule
Answer:
is not completely ionized in water
The ethanoic acid (acetic acid) is considered as a weak acid because it does not releases all of its hydrogen in water, rather it dissociates partially and establishes an equilibrium with its conjugate base.
A sample of certain gas have Volume of 1.25 L ATM _125 degree Celsius and5.0 ATM the gas is compressed 50.0 ATM a volume of 325 mL. what is final temperature?
The final temperature of the gas is approximately 40.96 Kelvin.
To determine the final temperature of the gas, we can use the ideal gas law, which states:
PV = nRT
where P is the pressure, V is the volume, n is the number of moles of the gas, R is the ideal gas constant, and T is the temperature in Kelvin.
First, let's convert the given temperatures to Kelvin. We have:
Initial temperature: -125 degrees Celsius = 148 K (approximate)
Final temperature: Unknown
The initial conditions of the gas are as follows:
Initial pressure (P1) = 1.25 atm
Initial volume (V1) = 1250 mL = 1.25 L (since 1 L = 1000 mL)
Initial temperature (T1) = 148 K
The final conditions of the gas are as follows:
Final pressure (P2) = 50.0 atm
Final volume (V2) = 325 mL = 0.325 L
Final temperature (T2) = Unknown
Using the ideal gas law, we can set up the following equation:
(P1 * V1) / T1 = (P2 * V2) / T2
Substituting the known values:
(1.25 atm * 1.25 L) / 148 K = (50.0 atm * 0.325 L) / T2
Simplifying the equation:
T2 = (50.0 atm * 0.325 L * 148 K) / (1.25 atm * 1.25 L)
T2 = 40.96 K
For more such questions on temperature visit;'
https://brainly.com/question/4735135
#SPJ8
Sn=0.14 (E)
Sn+2 = -0.15(E)
Which form of tin is the stronger reducing agent? OS O Sn +2?
0.14
Explanation:
I just needed to finish setting up my account
A container of nitrogen gas has a volume of 34 mL at 95 mm Hg. What is the new pressure if the gas volume increases to 55 mL?
Answer:
The answer is 58.73 mmHgExplanation:
The new pressure can be found by using the formula for Boyle's law which is
\(P_1V_1 = P_2V_2\)
where
P1 is the initial pressure
P2 is the final pressure
V1 is the initial volume
V2 is the final volume
Since we are finding the new pressure
\(P_2 = \frac{P_1V_1}{V_2} \\\)
So we have
\(P_2 = \frac{95 \times 34}{55} = \frac{3230}{55} \\ = 58.72727272...\)
We have the final answer as
58.73 mmHgHope this helps you
Which best describes a mixture? It has a single composition, and it has a set of characteristics that does not change. It can have different compositions, but it has a set of characteristics that does not change. It has a single composition, but it has a set of characteristics that does change. It can have different compositions, and it has a set of characteristics that does change.
Answer:
option 4 - it can have different compositions, and it has a set of characteristics that change.
Mixture is defined to have different compositions, and it has a set of characteristics that does change.There are 2 types of mixtures:1) homogenous mixtures 2)heterogenous mixtures
What are heterogenous mixtures?
Heterogenous mixtures is defined as a type of mixture where in the composition is not uniform throughout the mixture.It consists as two or more phases. The phases are chemically distinct from each other.
As there are two or more phases present in heterogenous mixtures they can be separated by solvent extraction where in one phase is miscible with the solvent and the other phase is immiscible.
Components of a heterogenous mixtures are distinctly visible . There are two types of heterogenous mixtures, the colloids and the suspensions.These two vary with each other with respect to particle size.
Learn more about heterogenous mixtures,here:
https://brainly.com/question/24898889
#SPJ6
which has the largest atomic size selenium or oxygen?
Answer:
Selenium
Explanation:
selenium has 4 energy levels (think a 4 story building) while oxygen only has 2 (think 2 story building). which one is taller?
Which statement is true of the energy levels of electrons in shells.
The correct statements about the energy levels of electrons in shells are the following:
Each electron shell has a different energy level.The electron shells closer to the nucleus are of lower energy than those further away.What are the energy levels of electrons?They are the energy charge that an electron possesses, where in each period (in each shell) only a certain number of electrons fit.
Characteristics of energy levels of electronsEach orbit corresponds to an "energy level" and can only contain a strictly defined number of electrons.Within each energy level, electrons could be grouped into "sublevels," and each sublevel could only contain a given number of electrons.The electrons are placed in the different levels and sublevels in order of increasing energy until they are completed.Therefore, we can conclude that the electrons of an atom have different energy levels, so they are classified by the energy level in which each of them is located.
Learn more about the energy levels of electrons here: https://brainly.com/question/19362949
A concentration gradient exists in a solution when the concentration of solutes in the solution is.
A concentration gradient exists in a solution when there is more concentration of the solute in a part of the solution than another.
The amount of solutes contained in a solution is called its concentration. If a drop of food colouring is added to a glass of water without stirring it, only part of the water closest to where the food colouring was added gets coloured at first, while the rest of the water remains colourless. Hence, in this state, a concentration gradient is said to exist. The concentration gradient gradually disappears as the food colouring diffuses through the liquid.
Membranes can be used to maintain a concentration gradient as solutes always try to move down the concentration gradient. Diffusion eliminates concentration gradients.
To learn more about concentration gradient, visit:
https://brainly.com/question/13680237
#SPJ4
Question 15 of 25
Which is a mixture?
O A. Water reacting with oxygen
O B. Salt dissolved in water
O C. Sodium and chlorine in a molecule
O D. A solid aluminum pan
Answer:
b) salt dissolved in water.
compare the size of ions to the size of atoms from which they form
Cations are always smaller than the atoms from which they form. Anions are always larger than the atoms from which they form. Ions are usually bigger than the atoms from which they are formed.
When an atom receives or loses electrons, the atom's electron configuration changes, resulting in a net positive or negative charge.
This net charge expands the electron cloud surrounding the nucleus, making the ion bigger in size than the neutral atoms from which it arose. When a metal atom loses one or more electrons to create a cation, it shrinks in size because the positive charge of the nucleus pulls the remaining electrons more strongly.
When a nonmetal atom obtains one or more electrons to create an anion, it normally expands in size.Because of the increasing amount of electrons, the electron cloud surrounding the nucleus grows. It should be noted that this comparison is not absolute and is dependent on the individual factors involved. Some ions are smaller than their neutral atom counterparts, while others are similar in size.
learn more about atoms here:
https://brainly.com/question/29695801
#SPJ4
The complete question is:
Compare the size of ions to the size of atoms from which they form.
Choose the three factors that most significantly influence the properties of nanoscale materials.
a. bulk material properties.
b. elemental compostion.
c. size.
d. shape.
e. quantum mechanical effects
b. elemental composition d. shape and e. quantum mechanical effects three factors significantly influence the properties of nanoscale materials.
Nanoscale material are the set of substances that have least one Critical dimension less than 100 nanometer. That have magnetic, electrical and optical properties. S and P blocks are there in the nanoscale materials. Nanoscale materials are mostly concentrated in the s and p blocks Nano elements. Nanoscale material have have structure with dimensions at the nanoscale.so it has size of 1-100nm.The shape of the nanomaterials are in various shapes like rod shape spherical shape ,fibers and cups. In the nanoscales quantum effects dominates the electrical optical properties of the system. They create new opportunity for manipulating the response of the system.
To learn more about Nanoscale materials please visit:
https://brainly.com/question/10280062
#SPJ4
what was the 'elixir of life'
N2 + 3H2-> 2NH3
How many liters of NH, will be produced at a temperature of 208.00 degrees celsius and 4.50 torr pressure to consume 26.00 moles of N2?
Round to two decimal places.
Answer:
To solve this problem, we can use the ideal gas law and stoichiometry.
First, we need to convert the given temperature to Kelvin:
208.00 degrees Celsius + 273.15 = 481.15 K
Next, we can use the ideal gas law to find the volume of NH3 produced:
PV = nRT
P = 4.50 torr = 0.00592 atm (converting to atm)
V = unknown (what we are trying to find)
n = moles of NH3 produced = 26.00 moles N2 (from stoichiometry)
R = 0.0821 L·atm/K·mol (gas constant)
T = 481.15 K
Solving for V:
V = nRT/P
V = (26.00 mol)(0.0821 L·atm/K·mol)(481.15 K) / (0.00592 atm)
V = 3671.46 L
However, this is the volume of NH3 produced at standard temperature and pressure (STP), which is 0 degrees Celsius (273.15 K) and 1 atm. We need to convert this to the volume at the given temperature and pressure using the combined gas law:
(P1V1/T1) = (P2V2/T2)
P1 = 1 atm (STP pressure)
V1 = 3671.46 L (volume at STP)
T1 = 273.15 K (STP temperature)
P2 = 0.00592 atm (given pressure)
V2 = unknown (what we are trying to find)
T2 = 481.15 K (given temperature)
Solving for V2:
V2 = (P1V1T2) / (P2T1)
V2 = (1 atm)(3671.46 L)(481.15 K) / (0.00592 atm)(273.15 K)
V2 = 315491.48 L or 315491 L (rounded to two decimal places)
Therefore, 315491 L of NH3 will be produced at a temperature of 208.00 degrees Celsius and 4.50 torr pressure to consume 26.00 moles of N2.
Which best describes a chain reaction associated with a nuclear reaction?!!
Answer: The statement that describes a chain reaction brought about by a nuclear reaction is "neutrons released during a fission reaction cause other nuclei to split." This is applicable to fission reactions only wherein atoms split and produce neutrons that also cause further atoms to split, thus creating a chain or series of reactions.
plz mark brainliest
you have a 3.0 g of solid magnesium metal in 250 ml of 1.0mol/l hydrochloric acid solution that is in the beaker. you place a large gas collecting tube over the magnesium and vollect the product, hydrogen gas. assume all the conditions at the lab are SATP.
a) write a chemical balanced equation
b) calculate the number of theoretical moles of hydrogen that should be reduced in this reaction.
c) calculate the volume of hydrogen gas produced. remember that the gas is collected over water.
d) you now quickly do a burning splint test on the hydrogen. jt reacts with just enough oxygen in the gas collecting tube to produce liquid water. what mass of liquid water is produced? (new balanced equation)
Answer:
a)Mg(s) + 2HCl(aq) -------> MgCl2(aq) + H2(g)
b) 0.125 moles of hydrogen gas is reduced in the reaction.
C) 3.18 L
d)2.25 g of water
Explanation:
a) the equation of this reaction is;
Mg(s) + 2HCl(aq) -------> MgCl2(aq) + H2(g)
b)
Number of moles= concentration × volume= 1.0 × 250/1000 = 0.25moles of HCl
From the equation;
2 moles of HCl yields 1 mole of hydrogen gas
Hence 0.25 moles of HCl yields 0.25 × 1/2 = 0.125 moles of hydrogen gas
Thus 0.125 moles of hydrogen gas is reduced in the reaction.
c)
P= 760 mmHg (standard pressure)
V= ????
T= 298 K
n= 0.125 moles
R= 0.082 atm dm-3K-1mol-1
Since the gas is collected over water, SVP of hydrogen at 25°c is 28mmHg
Therefore; P=760-28= 732mmHg
But
1 atm =760 mmHg
Therefore 732 mmHg= 732/760= 0.96 atm
PV=nRT
V= nRT/P
V= 0.125 × 0.082 × 298/0.96
V= 3.18 L
Note 1dm-3=1L
d)
2H2(g) + O2(g) ----> 2H2O(g)
From the equation;
2 moles of hydrogen yields 2 moles of water
0.125 moles of hydrogen yields 0.125 moles of water
Mass of water = 0.125 moles × 18gmol-1 = 2.25 g of water
If poison expires does that mean it won't have the poisonous effect?
Answer:
no.
Explanation: