An irregularly-shaped piece of aluminum (Al) has a mass of 70.5 grams. What is the volume in cm3 of this piece of aluminum if its density is 2.70 g/cm3?​

Answer:

C3H4O6

Explanation:

See the attached table.  Since we have the masses of each element, we can calculate the moles of each, by dividing by that element's molar mass (grams/mole).  The moles of each are shown on the table.  They are not in whole ratio values, but if we multiply each by 1.36 we obtain whole numbers, which would be the ratio of each element in the formula.

    Atoms

C      3

H      4

O      6

The empirical formula is C3H4O6

Possibly Dihydroxymalonic acid

When deionized water was added to the blue solution, the equilibrium shifted, as evidenced by the color change. The value of the equilibrium constant, k was changed by the addition of more reactants.

When a strong acid is added to a prepared buffer solution, the pH change is minimal due to the presence of a weak acid and its conjugate base in the buffer. These components work together to neutralize the added acid, maintaining the pH within a certain range. In contrast, when the strong acid is mixed with deionized water, the pH change is more significant because there are no buffering agents to neutralize the acid.

Based on the results obtained, the prepared buffer solution effectively resisted pH changes when minimal amounts of acid or base were mixed into the solution. A buffer solution is a solution that is capable of resisting changes in pH when small amounts of acid or base are added to it. A buffer solution typically consists of a weak acid and its conjugate base or a weak base and its conjugate acid.

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Answer:

the answer is b beacuse the substance changed

Answer:

1.59x10⁻¹⁰m

Explanation:

To solve this question we must know that the length of the cubic cell, X, is equal to:

X = √8 * R

Where R is the atomic radius of germanium

And that in 1 unit cell there are 4 atoms of germanium.

To solve this question we must find the mass in 1 unit cell, with this mass we can find the volume of the cube and the length. With the length we can know the atomic radius:

Mass in 1 unit cell -Molar mass Ge = 72.64g/mol:

4 atoms Ge * (1mol / 6.022x10²³ atoms) = 6.64x10⁻²⁴ moles Ge

6.64x10⁻²⁴ moles Ge * (72.64g / mol) = 4.825x10⁻²²g Ge

Volume unit cell:

4.825x10⁻²²g Ge * (1cm³ / 5.32g) = 9.07x10⁻²³cm³

Length unit cell:

∛9.07x10⁻²³cm³ = 4.49x10⁻⁸cm * (1m / 100cm) = 4.49x10⁻¹⁰m

Atomic radius Ge:

4.49x10⁻¹⁰m / √8 =

The unit cell edge length in pm is 361 pm.

given that :

the density of the metal , ρ = 8.96 g/cm³

atomic mass = 63.54 g/mol

the atomic cell = 4 atoms

Avogadro's number = 6.022 × 10²³ atoms/mol

the expression is given as follows :

cell volume =  (atoms × atomic mass ) / density × Avogadro's number)

                    = ( 4 × 63.54 ) / 8.96 × 6.022 × 10²³)

                    = 4.71 × 10⁻²³ cm³

a = ∛4.71 × 10⁻²³ cm³

a = 361 pm

The unit cell edge length is 361 pm.

Thus, Copper crystallizes in a face-centered cubic lattice (the cu atoms are at the lattice points only). If the density of the metal is 8. 96 g/cm3,  the unit cell edge length in pm is 361 pm.

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The solubility product constant expression for AgI is:

AgI(s) ⇌ Ag⁺(aq) + I⁻(aq)

The Ksp expression for AgI is given as 1.47 x 10⁻¹⁶.

Since AgI dissociates into 1 Ag⁺ ion and 1 I⁻ ion, the molar solubility (s) of AgI is equal to the concentration of Ag⁺ and I⁻ ions in the solution.

Let's assume the molar solubility of AgI is s M.

Since the molar solubility (s) of AgI is equal to the concentration of Ag⁺ and I⁻ ions, we have:

[Ag⁺] = s M

[I⁻] = s M

Using the stoichiometry of the balanced equation, the expression for the solubility product constant is:

Ksp = [Ag⁺][I⁻] = s^2

Substituting the given Ksp value, we have:

1.47 x 10⁻¹⁶ = (s)^2

Taking the square root of both sides, we get:

s = √(1.47 x 10⁻¹⁶)

Calculating the square root, we find:

s ≈ 3.83 x 10⁻⁹ M

Since the solubility is given in grams per milliliter (g/mL), we need to convert the molar solubility to grams per milliliter using the molar mass of AgI.

The molar mass of AgI is:

Ag: 107.87 g/mol

I: 126.90 g/mol

AgI: 107.87 g/mol + 126.90 g/mol = 234.77 g/mol

To convert the molar solubility (s) to grams per milliliter (g/mL):

s (g/mL) = (molar solubility (M) * molar mass of AgI (g/mol)) / 1000

Substituting the values, we have:

s (g/mL) = (3.83 x 10⁻⁹ M * 234.77 g/mol) / 1000

Calculating the value, we find:

s (g/mL) ≈ 9.0 x 10⁻¹² g/mL

Therefore, the solubility of silver iodide (AgI) in grams per milliliter (g/mL) at the given temperature is approximately 9.0 x 10⁻¹² g/mL.

The solubility of silver iodide (AgI) in grams per milliliter can be calculated using the concept of solubility product constant (Kₛₚ). Given that the Kₛₚ of AgI is 1.47 x 10⁻¹⁶.

The solubility product constant (Kₛₚ) is a measure of the equilibrium between a solid and its dissolved ions in a saturated solution. For silver iodide (AgI), the equilibrium equation can be expressed as:

AgI(s) ⇌ Ag⁺(aq) + I⁻(aq)

The Kₛₚ expression for this equilibrium is:

Kₛₚ = [Ag⁺][I⁻]

Given the Kₛₚ value of AgI as 1.47 x 10⁻¹⁶, it indicates that the product of the concentrations of Ag⁺ and I⁻ ions in the saturated solution is equal to 1.47 x 10⁻¹⁶.

To determine the solubility of AgI in grams per milliliter, we need to know the molar mass of AgI and the volume of the saturated solution. The molar mass of AgI is 234.77 g/mol, which is the sum of the atomic masses of silver (Ag) and iodine (I).

To convert the concentration of Ag⁺ or I⁻ ions to grams per milliliter, we need to divide the concentration (in moles per liter) by the molar mass (in grams per mole) and multiply by the solution volume (in milliliters).

However, without the given volume of the saturated solution, it is not possible to calculate the solubility in grams per milliliter directly using the Kₛₚ value. The solubility information typically depends on both temperature and the presence of other ions or substances in the solution. Therefore, additional data or an experimental approach would be needed to determine the solubility of AgI in grams per milliliter at the given temperature.

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Answer:

Explanation:

Firstly, let's define what ground and excited state electronic configuration.

Ground state electronic configuration is when the electrons of the atom are in there lowest possible energy level while excited state electronic configuration is when electron(s) have moved to a higher energy level. Examples of these are provided in the options

a. 1s²2s²2p⁴ - This is a ground state electronic configuration (of oxygen) because the electrons are in there lowest possible energy level.

b. This option is not displaying (it is displaying something like an image that isn't loading)

c. 1s²2s²2p³3s¹ - We can see from this that an electron jumped from 2p energy level to 3s (p energy level ought to be completely filled with 6 electrons before another electron moves to the next energy level) meaning the electron is in it's excited state thus this is an excited state electronic configuration (of oxygen).

d. 1s²2s¹2p² - We can see from this also that an electron jumped from the 2s energy level to the 2p energy level (making it 2p² instead of 2p¹ in the ground state). The 2s energy level should ordinarily have 2 electrons. Thus, this is an excited state electronic configuration (of boron).

e. 1s²2s²sp¹ - This is a ground state electronic configuration (of boron) since all the electrons are in there lowest possible energy level.

f. 1s²2s³ - This configuration is impossible because the s energy level should only contain a maximum of 2 electrons, thus impossible to have 3 electrons in the s energy level

Answer:

Non-polar

Explanation:

Non-polar bonds occur when the electrons in a covalent bond are equally shared between the two atoms.

The indicated bond is most likely non-polar because the two atoms are identical (both carbons). In addition, these two carbons are balanced (their other bonds are identical). This means there is no reason for the electrons in the bond to be pulled in any particular direction.

Answer:

Heating of the liquid water in a microwave.

Explanation:

Radiation is a form of heat transfer process that does not require a material medium rather it travels through space or vacuum in the form of electromagnetic waves or radiation. Heat transfer by radiation occurs in the form of microwaves, infrared radiation, visible light, or another form of electromagnetic radiation is emitted or absorbed.  Some common examples of heat transfer by radiation is the warming of the Earth by the Sun, the warmth one experiences while sitting by the campfire, or the heating up of foods in a microwave.

Black bodies or surfaces are good absorbers as well as emitters of radiation. On the other shiny or white surfaces are poor radiators of heat.

From the above discussion on radiation, it can be seen that when the chemist takes the liquid and heats it in a microwave, the heat absorbed by the liquid to change to gaseous state is transferred through radiation.

Answer:  The missing coefficient is 2.

Explanation:

According to the law of conservation of mass, mass can neither be created nor be destroyed. Thus the mass of products has to be equal to the mass of reactants. The number of atoms of each element has to be same on reactant and product side. Thus chemical equations are balanced.

\(2NaOH+Ca(OH)_2+2Cl_2\rightarrow Ca(OCl)_2+2NaCl+2H_2O\)

As in the products, there are 2 atoms of sodium, thus there will be 2 atoms of  of sodium in the reactant as well.  This will balance the number of hydrogen and oxygen atoms as well.

Thus the missing coefficient is 2.

The four complementary characteristics of colligative properties that a solution can display are an increase in boiling point, a decrease in freezing point, a relative decrease in vapor pressure, and an increase in osmotic pressure.

What are colligative properties?

Some characteristics of diluted solutions containing non-volatile solutes depend only on the quantity of solute particles present and not on the solute type. Collaborative qualities are what these traits are known as. Most frequently, diluted solutions exhibit these characteristics.

Collaborative properties can also be defined as those that result from the dissolution of a non-volatile solute in a volatile solvent. Typically, the solute alters the characteristics of the solvent by removing some of the solvent molecules from the liquid phase. Additionally, the concentration of the solvent is reduced as a result of this.

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The significance of polar and non-polar amino acids lies in their interactions within a protein structure. Polar amino acids are typically found on the surface of the protein, where they interact with water molecules and other polar molecules. Non-polar amino acids, on the other hand, are typically found in the interior of the protein, where they interact with other non-polar amino acids through hydrophobic interactions.

Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins, and they can be categorized as either polar or non-polar. Polar amino acids have a hydrophilic (water-loving) nature due to their polarity, while non-polar amino acids have a hydrophobic (water-fearing) nature due to their lack of polarity.

The balance between polar and non-polar amino acids is crucial in determining the overall structure and function of a protein. If there are too many polar amino acids in the interior of a protein, it may become unstable and unfold. Conversely, if there are too many non-polar amino acids on the surface of a protein, it may not be able to interact effectively with other molecules.

Overall, the significance of polar and non-polar amino acids lies in their ability to contribute to the stability and function of proteins. Understanding the properties of these amino acids is important in fields such as biochemistry and drug development.

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The formula of a compound is written based on the valency of each bonded atoms. The formulas  Mg₂(SO₄)₃, Rb₃As are incorrect. Such compounds does not exist.

The formula of a chemical compound is written based on the number of atoms participated in bonding.   Magnesium is second group element having two valence electrons.

Magnesium thus donates its two electrons into the bonding atom or group. The sulphate group SO₄ have a valency of 2 it gains two electrons from Mg when bonded.

Thus the formula of magnesium sulphate being MgSO₄ and not Mg₂(SO₄)₃. Similarly Rb is a second group metal having two valence electrons. Its valency being two. As is a halogen with valency one. Thus they cannot form a compound like Rb₃As.

Hence, option a and b are incorrect formulas.

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Answer:

D) two unhybridized p orbitals

Explanation:

In covalent bond, to form a bond, each of the two participating atoms would put down an  unpaired electron to be used in forming a shared pair of electrons between them.

There are two types of covalent bonds:

A sigma bond \(\sigma\)

A pi bond \(\pi\)

A sigma bond is formed when a hybrid orbital (sp,sp² and sp³) overlaps with another hybrid orbital or with s- or p- orbital.

A pi bond is formed when a p-orbital overlaps with another parallel p-orbital laterally. This implies that ,a  π bond could be formed from the overlap of two unhybridized p orbitals.

Answer: 4.35%

Explanation:

Scientists estimate that the current composition of gases in the Earth's atmosphere has been stable for the last 200 million years or so.

If the Earth was formed 4,600 million years ago then the percentage of her age that the atmosphere has been in its composition is:

= 200 / 4,600 * 100%

= 4.35%

According to the polarity of solvents and their molecular geometries KCl will dissolve in ethanol , ethanol in water,chloromethane in chloroform.

Molecular geometry can be defined as a three -dimensional arrangement of atoms which constitute the molecule.It includes parameters like bond length,bond angle and torsional angles.

It influences many properties of molecules like reactivity,polarity color,magnetism .The molecular geometry can be determined by various spectroscopic methods and diffraction methods , some of which are infrared,microwave and Raman spectroscopy.It also considers the polarity of the molecules.

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If there are 8.59 × 10²² molecules of NaCl in a salt shaker, the mass of the substance is 8.37grams.

The mass of a substance can be calculated by multiplying the number of moles of the substance by its molar mass as follows:

mass = no of moles × molar mass

However, the number of moles must be calculated from the number of molecules as follows:

no of moles = 8.59 × 10²² ÷ 6.02 × 10²³

no of moles = 1.43 × 10-¹moles

molar mass of NaCl = 58.5g/mol

mass of NaCl = 58.5 × 0.143 = 8.37g

Therefore, 8.37grams is the mass of the salt in the shaker.

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A conjugate acid-base pair is the pair of two compounds which differ by the presence of a proton. An acid will donate protons to a base and become a conjugate base. A base will accept protons and become a conjugate acid.Conjugate acid/base pairs are as follows:H2PO4− and HPO42−H2CO3 and CO32−HCl and Cl−H3O+ and OH−Explanation:

H2PO4− and HPO42−H2PO4− can donate a proton to become HPO42− and the latter can accept a proton to become H2PO4−.H2CO3 and CO32−H2CO3 can donate a proton to become CO32− and the latter can accept a proton to become H2CO3.HCl and Cl−HCl can donate a proton to become Cl− and the latter can accept a proton to become HCl.H3O+ and OH−H3O+ can donate a proton to become OH− and the latter can accept a proton to become H3O+.Therefore, the following are conjugate acid/base pairs:H2PO4− and HPO42−H2CO3 and CO32−HCl and Cl−H3O+ and OH−

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The formula for the complex formed between Zn2+ and OH− with a coordination number of 4 is [Zn(OH)4]2−.

When Zn2+ ions combine with four OH− ions, a complex ion is formed. The coordination number of this complex ion is 4, meaning that the Zn2+ ion is surrounded by four OH− ions in a tetrahedral arrangement. The formula for this complex ion is written by placing the Zn2+ ion in the center and surrounding it with four OH− ions. The charge on the complex ion must be balanced, so two negative charges are needed. This is accomplished by adding a 2− superscript to the formula.

In coordination chemistry, a complex ion is formed when a central metal ion or atom is surrounded by other ions or molecules, known as ligands. The coordination number is the number of ligands that are attached to the central metal ion. In the case of Zn2+ and OH−, when four OH− ions surround the Zn2+ ion, a coordination number of 4 is obtained.

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Answer:

so the mass of sulphur dioxide = 0.208334 × 22.4 L = 4.6666816 L = 4666.6816 ml Therefore the volume of sulphur dioxide is 4666.6816 ml .

Explanation:

Answer:

True

Explanation:

its true don't lie on here please

In giant covalent structures such as graphite or diamond, the atoms form strong bonds by sharing electrons. Therefore, the given statement is true.

A covalent bond can be defined as a chemical connection formed by the sharing of electron sets between particles. A covalent bond can be created by the mutual sharing of electrons from both atoms.

The pair of electrons that are shared in this kind of bonding is known as the shared or bonding pair. Covalent bonds are the sharing of bonding pairs of electrons that will provide the stability of the atom in its outer shell.

Elements that have very high ionization energies are incapable of exchanging electrons or elements having low electron affinity cannot accept electrons. Covalent bonding between two non-metallic atoms is characterized by the equal sharing of electrons between the atoms and covalent bonds with an electronegativity difference of participating atoms is more than 2.0.

Therefore, a giant structure like a diamond has strong covalent bonds that require a lot of energy to break.

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Answer:

please mark as brainliest

Explanation:

Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons but the same number of protons and electrons . The difference in the number of neutrons between the various isotopes of an element means that the various isotopes have different masses.

example:chlorine is an example of an isotope it has a proton number of 17 and a mass number of 35 in some cases they have a proton number of 17 and a mass number of 37 there is difference in the number of neutron to calculate this we do it this way.for the first one

mass number=proton+neutron

neutron=mass number-proton

neutron=35-17

neutron=18

for the second one

neutron=37-17

neutron=20

Answer:

Explanation:

Ice tea

Salt water

Orange juice

(a) The amount of Thorium-234: A(t) = 100 * e^(-0.02828t) mg.

(b) The limiting amount of Thorium-234 is zero.

(c) the time period required for the amount of Thorium-234 to drop within 0.5 mg: 43.29 days.

(d) The value of k required to maintain a constant level of 100 mg of Thorium-234 is 2.828 mg/day.

(a) The amount of Thorium-234 in the container at any time t can be calculated using the formula:

A(t) = A(0) * e^(-λt),

where A(0) is the initial amount of Thorium-234 (100 mg), λ is the decay rate (0.02828 days), and e is the base of the natural logarithm.

So, A(t) = 100 * e^(-0.02828t) mg.

(b) As time approaches infinity, the exponential term e^(-0.02828t) approaches zero. Therefore, the limiting amount of Thorium-234 in the container is zero.

(c) To find the time period required for the amount of Thorium-234 to drop within 0.5 mg of the limiting value (zero), we set up the equation:

A(t) = 0.5.

100 * e^(-0.02828t) = 0.5.

Solving for t gives: e^(-0.02828t) = 0.005.

Taking the natural logarithm of both sides: -0.02828t = ln(0.005).

Solving for t: t = ln(0.005) / -0.02828 ≈ 43.29 days.

So, approximately 43.29 days must elapse before the amount of Thorium-234 drops within 0.5 mg of the limiting value.

(d) To maintain a constant level of 100 mg of Thorium-234, the rate of Thorium-234 addition (k) must offset the decay rate. So, we set up the equation:

k = λ * A(t).

Substituting the values:

k = 0.02828 * 100 = 2.828 mg/day.

Therefore, the value of k required to maintain a constant level of 100 mg of Thorium-234 is 2.828 mg/day.

Complete Question: Suppose that 100 mg of Thorium-234 are initially present in a closed container, and that Thorium-234 is added to the container at a constant rate of 1 mg/day.

(a) Find the amount of Thorium-234 in the container at any time, given that its decay rate is 0.02828 days.

(b) Find the limiting amount of Thorium-234 in the container as time approaches infinity.

(c) How long a time period must elapse before the amount of Thorium-234 in the container drops to within 0.5 mg of the limiting value ?

(d) If Thorium-234 is added to the container at a rate of k mg/day, find the value k of that is required to maintain a constant level of 100 mg of Thorium-234.

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The magnitude of the angular acceleration of the disk is -203.9 rad/s^2 (negative sign is indicating the direction of angular acceleration is opposite to the direction of applied forces).

The magnitude of the angular acceleration of the disk can be determined by using the equation for torque:

τ = Iα

where τ is the torque, I is the moment of inertia, and α is the angular acceleration.

The moment of inertia of a solid disk is given by the equation:

I = (1/2) * m * r^2

where m is the mass and r is the radius of the disk.

So we can substitute the values of mass and radius in the equation of the moment of inertia:

I = (1/2) * 24.3 kg * (0.314 m)^2 = 0.03898 kg*m^2

Now we can calculate the torque caused by the forces of 90 n and 125 n. These forces are applied in opposite direction so the net torque caused by them is:

τ = 90 N * 0.314 m - 125 N * 0.314 m = -7.922 Nm

So we can now calculate the angular acceleration using the torque equation:

-7.922 Nm = 0.03898 kgm^2 * α

α = -7.922 Nm / 0.03898 kgm^2 = -203.9 rad/s^2

Therefore, The magnitude of the angular acceleration of the disk is -203.9 rad/s^2 (negative sign is indicating the direction of angular acceleration is opposite to the direction of applied forces).

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The partial pressure of carbon dioxide gas in the collected sample is 709 mmHg, and the fraction of the mixture that is CO2 is 0.974 or about 97.4%.

The method used to find the density of carbon dioxide gas is by collecting the gas by displacing water in a bottle.

To find the partial pressure of carbon dioxide gas in the collected sample, we need to subtract the partial pressure of water vapor from the total pressure of the mixture:

Partial pressure of CO2 = Total pressure - Partial pressure of water vapor

Partial pressure of CO2 = 730 mmHg - 21 mmHg

Partial pressure of CO2 = 709 mmHg

To find the fraction of the mixture that is CO2, we need to use the ideal gas law, which states:

PV = nRT

where P is the pressure, V is the volume, n is the number of moles, R is the ideal gas constant, and T is the temperature in Kelvin.

Assuming that the volume of the sample is constant and that the temperature is constant at room temperature (around 298 K), we can simplify the ideal gas law to:

P = nRT/V

Since the pressure of the mixture is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of the gases, we can write:

P(total) = P(CO2) + P(H2O)

Solving for n/V for carbon dioxide, we get:

n/V(CO2) = P(CO2)/RT

Substituting the values we have

n/V(CO2) = (709 mmHg)/(0.0821 L atm/K mol x 298 K)

n/V(CO2) = 0.0285 mol/L

Now, we need to find the total number of moles in the sample. We can do this by using the ideal gas law again, this time for water vapor:

P(H2O) = n(H2O)RT/V

Solving for n/V(H2O), we get:

n/V(H2O) = P(H2O)/(RT)

Substituting the values we have:

n/V(H2O) = (21 mmHg)/(0.0821 L atm/K mol x 298 K)

n/V(H2O) = 0.00083 mol/L

Since the volume of the sample is constant, the total number of moles is equal to the sum of the number of moles of CO2 and water vapor:

n(total) = n(CO2) + n(H2O)

Substituting the values we have:

n(total) = (0.0285 mol/L)(V) + (0.00083 mol/L)(V)

n(total) = (0.0293 mol/L)(V)

The fraction of the mixture that is CO2 is:

Fraction CO2 = n(CO2)/n(total)

Fraction CO2 = (0.0285 mol/L)(V)/(0.0293 mol/L)(V)

Fraction CO2 = 0.974

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Stirring allows hot liquid to reach the surface much faster than unassisted convection

Answer:

concentration = mol/volume = 4/2 = 2M