EXERCISE Writing Reaction Mechanisms: Hemiacetal Formation Electron pairs C Erase +O-H || CH3-CH + CH₂OH HCI Write the next step of this mechanism using curved arrows to show electron reorganization
Answers
Hemiacetal formation is an important step in the synthesis of many organic compounds. The process involves the reaction between an alcohol and a carbonyl compound to form a hemiacetal.The formation of a hemiacetal from an alcohol and a carbonyl group is a nucleophilic addition-elimination reaction. This reaction mechanism can be broken down into two main steps: addition of the alcohol to the carbonyl and elimination of water to form the hemiacetal. The reaction is usually catalyzed by an acid, such as hydrochloric acid.
The reaction mechanism for hemiacetal formation can be represented as: C Erase +O-H || CH3-CH + CH₂OH HCI - where the carbonyl carbon (C=O) is attacked by the lone pair of electrons on the hydroxyl oxygen (-OH) in the alcohol to form a tetrahedral intermediate. This intermediate then loses a proton from the hydroxyl group (-OH) to form a hemiacetal.
The next step of this mechanism involves the elimination of water to form the hemiacetal. This step is shown using curved arrows to show the electron reorganization. In this step, the lone pair of electrons on the oxygen atom in the hydroxyl group (-OH) attacks the carbonyl carbon (C=O) to form a tetrahedral intermediate. This intermediate then loses a proton from the hydroxyl group (-OH) to form a hemiacetal.
The resulting compound is an important intermediate in the synthesis of many organic compounds.
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Related Questions
what conditions are required for establishing an equilibrium?
Answers
Answer:
1. By praying in the day or meditating
Being successful in your life will start with deciding to change in order to Learn. To make this happen, you need a good attitude and discipline. If you are already in the place where you are writing, it cannot be said because you probably like other things in your life very much. Make it a habit to start your day by praying or meditating. This will help you feel that you are more than who you think you are, thus showing that you can make it physical than you think you can and be in a different place in life than the one you are facing right now. Connect with yourself, be confident, and understand that you see better.
2.Be fully present when you are with your family
Family life is the area most associated with work-life balance. Having a good family life is like being at the top of your work-life balance. After all, your family will always be with you in your good and bad days. Friendships may end, but family relationships last. Start making changes in your life by making it in your family life. Make it a habit to spend quality time with them. Be more involved in their life, physically and spiritually.
3.Thank you to people you already know
Good connections are essential in business. It causes you to do more and better work. Good and strong connections in your personal life, on the other hand, allow you to develop yourself in different areas of life. This is another way to achieve balance. Developing your environment and making strong connections helps you learn from other people, broaden your perspective, and even broaden your vision of life. Communicate with the least person you know every day. It's always easier for you to start expanding your network with people you know. Tell him what you are busy with, ask him what he is busy with and if he needs help. Asking for help for yourself will also build trust. And it's okay to ask him if he knows other people who can help you
4.Do something creative
Although the left brain right brain dominance theory has been debunked, the world still cares more about activities attributed to the left brain, such as logic and measurement. Most businesses prefer analytical to creative thinking. And many people decide that creative thinking is impractical and discard it. Whatever your job is, you shouldn't give up your creative qualities. As an employee or employer, you have to be creative for more customers, more work and more marketing. Notice how your blood is pumping and how your adrenaline rises. Only right brain activities and creativity affect your lives. More importantly, the way to improve your vision and create new opportunities for your business and social life is through creativity. If your artist side is dominant, you should devote more time to activities such as painting, music, animation, and literature; maybe even consider starting a blog for yourself. This will help you to balance and add color to your life after a long and monotonous 'left-brain' weighted day.
5.30-minute walks
The first five items consisted of things you need to focus on every day for your emotional, relational, and personal success. But in order to develop and enjoy this success, you must also improve your Physical health. Make it a habit to move. Walk for half an hour a day, go to the gym, or even stretch your body every hour you sit down. Physical activities have many alternatives and benefits. Choose the most convenient and tasteful for you.
Explanation:İYİ GÜNLER
Which evidence is an indication that a chemical reaction has occurred?
formation of a gas
melting of a substance
boiling of a substance
freezing of a substance
Answers
Answer: Formation of a gas
Explanation: All of the other options are examples of physical changes not chemical change
Answer:
A. Formation of gas
Explanation:
Took the test and got it correct
30.00grams of H3PO4 mass-mole
Answers
0.30moles is the moles of H\(_3\)PO\(_4\). a mole, sometimes spelt mol, is a common scientific measurement unit.
What is mole?In chemistry, a mole, sometimes spelt mol, is a common scientific measurement unit for significant amounts of extremely small objects like atoms, molecules, or even other predetermined particles. The mole signifies 6.022×10²³ units, which is a very big quantity.
Under the International System of Units (SI), the mole is defined as this quantity as of May 20, 2019, according the General Conference upon Weights and Measurements. The amount of atoms discovered via experimentation to be present within 12 grams pure carbon-12 was originally used to define the mole.
mole = given mass/ molar mass
= 30.00/97.9
=0.30moles
Therefore, 0.30moles is the moles of H\(_3\)PO\(_4\).
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What is the function of the structure labeled Y?
to keep oxygen-rich blood and oxygen-poor blood flowing
to filter waste materials from oxygen-poor blood
to filter waste materials from oxygen-rich blood
to keep oxygen-rich blood and oxygen-poor blood separate
Answers
The function of Y would be to keep oxygen-rich blood and oxygen-poor blood separate. The last option is the correct one.
Function of the SeptumY is the septum
The septum is a structure of the heart that separates the left atrium from the right atrium as well as the two ventricles.
Thus, the structure prevents oxygenated blood from mixing with deoxygenated blood.
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A sample of copper is known to contain 3.01 x 1023 atoms. How many mols of
copper does this represent?
Answers
Answer:
0.5 molesExplanation:
To find the number of moles in a substance given it's number of entities we use the formula
\(n = \frac{N}{L} \\\)
where n is the number of moles
N is the number of entities
L is the Avogadro's constant which is
6.02 × 10²³ entities
From the question we have
\(n = \frac{3.01 \times {10}^{23} }{6.02 \times {10}^{23} } = \frac{1}{2} \\ = 0.5\)
We have the final answer as
0.5 molesHope this helps you
what is the maximum theoretical number of water molecules with which, in theory, one urea molecule can hydrogen bond?
Answers
Answer:
The maximum number of molecules that one water molecule can hold through hydrogen bonding is 4 because the two hydrogen atoms of water can form two hydrogen bonds and the two lone pairs on oxygen can also form two hydrogen bonds. hope it helps
Choose all of the following that are FALSE.
A. Paper makes up the largest proportion of MW in the United States.
B. If you wash your plastic bottles with warm water that was heated via coal-generated electricity before recycling them, then recycling your plastic bottles could release more carbon into the atmosphere than throwing them
away.
C. Total waste generation in the United States has been steadily increasing since about 1950. Globally. D. solid waste management costs are expected to begin decreasing as waste management
technology gets cheaper.
Answers
A. Paper makes up the largest proportion of MW in the United States. (False) C. Total waste generation in the United States has been steadily increasing since about 1950. Globally. (False)
D. Solid waste management costs are expected to begin decreasing as waste management technology gets cheaper. (False)
The false statements are A, C, and D.
A. Paper does not make up the largest proportion of municipal waste (MW) in the United States. While paper waste is significant, it is not the largest component. Other materials like food waste, plastics, and metals also contribute to MW.
C. Total waste generation in the United States has not been steadily increasing since about 1950. In fact, waste generation rates have fluctuated over the years due to various factors such as population growth, consumption patterns, and waste management practices.
D. Solid waste management costs are not expected to decrease as waste management technology gets cheaper. While advancements in technology can lead to more efficient waste management processes, they often come with their own costs, such as implementation, maintenance, and regulatory compliance. These factors can offset any potential cost savings and may even lead to an increase in waste management costs over time.
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How many moles are in 100.0g of each of the following compounds?
a. dinitrogen oxide (N2O)
b. methanol (CH3OH)
Answers
a. dinitrogen oxide (N2O)
O=16.00g
N=14.00g * 2 = 28.00g
So NO2 = 44.00g
You have 100g of NO2, you need moles.
So:
100g of NO2 x 1 mol NO2/44g of NO2 = your answer
b. All right. So let's go ahead and convert our 100 grams of stuff. Two moles. So starting with, we have 100 grams, uh, and 20 times we know we're gonna have one more on the top. We need the molar mass. So if we look at our periodic table, nitrogen has a molar mass of 14 point. Oh, sevens will multiply that by two. Since we have two nitrogen in our compound plus 15.999 your period table might be slightly different. That's okay. Just stay consistent with your numbers. If we add those together, we should get 44 point no. 13 grams for everyone. Mole. That's why it's ah conversion factor of the inner calculator and get 2.27 moles into right. And then, um, we have 100 grams of other substance teach your each times we know our one mole from the conversion factor will be on the tops. Wouldn't do that now and then. Carbon 12.1 Um, options. 15.99 and then hydrogen is one point 08 So I had all those together multiply by our sub scripts and get 32 point go for two calculate. That would be 3.12 moles of C H 30 H for the same mass. What this means is that CH. 30 H husband It contains more moles than in 20
Which statement best describes the difference between a substance with a pH of 2.0 versus a substance with a pH of 4.0?
a
(1 point)
O The substance with a pH of 2.0 would have 100 times as many hydrogen ions per volume of water.
o The substance with a pH of 4.0 would have 100 times as many hydrogen ions per volume of water.
O The substance with a pH of 4.0 would have twice as many hydrogen ions per volume of water.
O The substance with a pH of 2.0 would have twice as many hydrogen ions per volume of water.
Answers
Answer:
The answer is the first one.
Explanation:
The lower a pH level the higher the the number hydrogen ions present in the acid's container.
ph = - log(H)
4 = - log(H)
- 4 = log(h)
10^-4 = H+
1 * 10^-4 = H +
ph = - log(H)
ph = 2
- 2 = log(H)
10^-2 = H
1*10^-2 = h
Something the power - 2 is 100 times greater than something with the power of -4
Answer:
the guy above is correct
Explanation:
Jaiden Drives for 800 km at an average speed of 120 km/h. How long was her journey?
Answers
Answer:
i think her journey was 680 km/h long
Answer:
6.67 hours
Explanation:
(800 km) / (120 km/hr) = 6.67 hours
difference between very short and Short period in modern periodic table
Answers
Answer:
There are three types of periods in the modern periodic table: very short periods, short periods, and long periods.
Very short period contains only two elements, Hydrogen and Helium. These elements have only one shell, and their electrons can only occupy the s-orbital.Short periods contain eight elements. The first two elements in a short period can only occupy the s-orbital, while the remaining six elements can also occupy the p-orbital.Long periods contain 18 elements. The first six elements in a long period can only occupy the s- and p-orbitals, while the remaining 12 elements can also occupy the d-orbital.The difference between very short periods and short periods is the number of elements they contain. Very short periods only contain two elements, while short periods contain eight elements. The difference between short periods and long periods is the number of orbitals that can be occupied by electrons in each period. Short periods can only have electrons in the s- and p-orbitals, while long periods can also have electrons in the d-orbital.
Here is a table summarizing the differences between very short periods, short periods, and long periods:
Period type: Very short periodNumber of elements: 2
Orbitals that can be occupied by electrons: s-orbital only.Period type: short period
Number of elements: 8
Orbitals that can be occupied by electron: s- and p-orbitals.Period type: long period
Number of element: 18
Orbitals that can be occupied by electrons: s-, p-, and d-orbitals
On Greg's last visit to his doctor, he complained of feeling tired. Sandra, the registered nurse, withdrew 6.5 mL of blood, which was sent to the lab and tested for iron. The normal range for serum iron in men is 80 to 160 mcg/dL. Greg's iron test showed a blood serum iron level of 39 mcg/dL, How many micrograms of iron were in the 6.5-mL sample of Greg's blood?
Answers
Answer:
2.5 mcg of iron
Explanation:
Density is given as;
D= m/v
Where;
m= mass
v= volume
mass= ?
volume= 6.5 ml or 0.065 dl
d= 39 mcg/dL
m= density × volume
m= 39 mcg/dL × 0.065 dl
m= 2.5 mcg of iron
what are a few examples of what energy is?
Answers
✅Energy exists in many different forms✅
Examples of these are: light energy, heat energy, mechanical energy, gravitational energy, electrical energy, sound energy, chemical energy, nuclear or atomic energy and so on. Each forms can be converted or changed into the other forms.
IamSugarBee
5. Which of the following materials
evaporates most quickly?
O MEK
O methanol
acetone
Answers
Answer: acetone
Explanation: Acetone has the weakest intermolecular forces, so it evaporated most quickly. Water had the strongest intermolecular forces and evaporated most slowly.
PLEASE ANSWER
A train travels at an average speed of 25 miles per hour. How long does it take the train to travel 2000 miles
Answers
Answer:
80 hours. 2,000 ÷ 25 = 80
What volume in milliliters of CO gas would be produced by the complete reaction of 2.40 g of C solid at STP according to the following reaction? Remember 1 mol of an ideal gas has a volume of 22.4 L at STP.
C(s)+H2O -> CO(g)+H2(g)
Answers
The entire reaction of 2.40 g of C solid at STP results in 4390 mL of CO gas.
Explain what an ideal gas is.The definition of an ideal gas is a gas in which the volume of the molecules and the forces between the molecules are so minimal as to not affect the behavior of the gas.
What is an example of ideal gas?What is a good example of a gas. Numerous gases, including nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen, noble gases, some heavier gases like carbon dioxide, and mixtures like air, can be classified as ideal gases if certain parameters are kept within reasonable limits over a wide range of temperatures and pressures.
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Which hydrated metal ion is most acidic under conditions of equal molar concentration in water?O K+O A13+O Ag+O Zn2+O Ba2+
Answers
Among the given options, the hydrated metal ion that is most acidic under conditions of equal molar concentration in water is O Al3+.
Aluminum ion (Al3+) is highly charged and has a relatively small size, which enhances its acidity. When hydrated in water, Al3+ forms the hydrated aluminum ion [Al(H2O)6]3+, where water molecules coordinate around the central aluminum ion. This hydration increases the acidity of Al3+.
The presence of multiple water molecules around the aluminum ion creates a highly polarized environment, making it easier for the aluminum ion to donate a proton (H+). This property makes [Al(H2O)6]3+ more acidic compared to other metal ions like K+, Ag+, Zn2+, and Ba2+.
Therefore, among the given options, Al3+ is the most acidic hydrated metal ion under conditions of equal molar concentration in water.
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what is the wavelength of microwaves if the frequency is 2.45x 10^9 HZ?
Answers
Wavelength = Speed of Light ÷ Frequency
= (2.99 × 10⁸ m/s) ÷ ( 2.45 × 10⁹ /s)
= 1.22 × 10⁻¹ m
The wavelength of a light of frequency 2.45 × 10⁹ /s is 1.22 × 10⁻¹ m.
Notes:
Hz ≡ /s
what happens when balloon filled with CO2 is released in air
Answers
Amu of O2 = 32
Amu of C = 12
And since most of the balloon is oxygen, it has no reason to actually float. It would be denser than the air, I’d imagine. I could be totally wrong here, I’m guessing based on my knowledge of chemistry
Sodium is dissolved under kerosene oil or paroffin to protect it from the air. 3) State. Huckle's rule for aromaticity with example. How does benzene react with Chlorine in presense of Sun light
Answers
Answer:
His rule states that if a cyclic, planar molecule has 4n+2 π electrons
If a molecular species absorbs a photon of light in the in the frequency range of 1014 Hz to 1010 Hz, which of the following transitions will occur?
A. Rotational only
B. Spin only
C. Electronic Only
D. Electronic and Vibrational Only
E. Vibrational Only
Answers
If a molecular species absorbs a photon of light in the frequency range of 1014 Hz to 1010 Hz only vibrational transitions will occur. The answer is E.
A photon of light in the given frequency range corresponds to the energy required to cause a vibrational transition in a molecule. Vibrational transitions occur when a molecule absorbs a photon of light that matches the energy required to change the vibrational motion of the molecule.
The energy required for rotational transitions is much smaller than the energy required for vibrational transitions, and hence it is not possible for a molecule to absorb a photon of light in the given frequency range for rotational transitions.
Spin transitions are associated with nuclear magnetic moments and are not relevant for this question. Electronic transitions are associated with the promotion of electrons to higher energy levels, and the energy required for such transitions is much larger than the energy available in the given frequency range.
Therefore, the correct answer is that a molecular species will undergo Vibrational Only transitions in the given frequency range of 1014 Hz to 1010 Hz.
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How many liters does a 70. 9 gram sample of Cl2 (g) occupy at STP?
A. 5. 60 L
B. 11. 2 L
C. 22. 4 L
D. 44. 8 L
Answers
70.9-gram sample of \(Cl_{2}\) gas will occupy Opton C. 22.4 liters at STP.
To determine the volume occupied by the sample of \(Cl_{2}\) (g) at STP, we can use the ideal gas law equation, PV = nRT
where P = pressure
V = volume
n = number of moles
R = ideal gas constant
T = temperature.
At STP (Standard Temperature and Pressure), the pressure is 1 atmosphere (atm) and the temperature is 273.15 Kelvin (K).
First, calculate the number of moles of \(Cl_{2}\) (g) using its molar mass. The molar mass \(Cl_{2}\) is 70.9 grams/mol.
Number of moles (n) = mass (m) / molar mass (M)
n = 70.9 g / 70.9 g/mol
n = 1 mol
Now, we can calculate the volume using the ideal gas law:
V = (nRT) / P
V = (1 mol * 0.0821 L·atm/mol·K * 273.15 K) / 1 atm
V ≈ 22.4 L
Therefore, the correct answer is C. 22.4 L.
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fill in the blanks am giving brainliest and thanx
Answers
Answer:
Organelles, prokaryotic, organelles, cytoplasm, prokaryotic, nucleus
Explanation:
Organelles are membrane bound only in eukaryotic ccells.
Prokaryotic cells unlike eukaryotic cells, do not have membrane bound organlles.
Something that is found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells is the cytoplasm, which is fluid that is inside the whole cell.
Unlike eukaryotic cells, prokaryotic cells have loose DNA, which floats around the cell quite literally.
The only way DNA is stored in eukaroyotic cells is in the nucelus, which is only found in eukaryotic cells, not prokaryotic.
Hope this helps ;)
What is the direct function of the energy released
from the nuclear chain reaction in a nuclear power
plant?
O turning the blades of the turbine
O heating water to produce steam
O powering the condenser
O carrying electricity from the plant to
consumers
Answers
The direct function of the energy released from the nuclear chain reaction in a nuclear power plant is for heating water to produce steam.
Energy released in nuclear chain reaction
A chain reaction is type of reaction in which neutrons released in fission produce an additional fission in at least one further nucleus.
This type of reaction involves the release of energy. This energy or heat is used to make steam that spins a turbine to create electricity.
Thus, we can conclude that, the direct function of the energy released from the nuclear chain reaction in a nuclear power plant is for heating water to produce steam.
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Clarify the chemical reaction, and then write a balanced formula chemical equation
NaF
Answers
The balanced chemical equation for the formation of sodium fluoride, NaF is given below:
2 Na (s) + F₂ (g) ----> 2 NaF (s)
What kind of reaction is the formation of sodium fluoride?The formation of sodium fluoride, NaF is an example of a synthesis reaction.
In a synthesis reaction, two or more elements or compounds react together to form a single compound.
The formation of sodium fluoride is given in the chemical equation below:
2 Na (s) + F₂ (g) ----> 2 NaF (s)
The reaction is a highly exothermic reaction. The compound formed, NaF is an ionic compound.
During the reaction, two moles of sodium atoms lose an electron each to fluorine gas atom which readily accepts the electrons to fluoride ions.
electrostatic forces of attraction between the oppositely-charges ions keep the compound in a crystal lattice form.
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Which of the following equations represents the balanced equation for the reaction of iron and oxygen?
a)
4Fe + 3O2 → 2Fe2O3
b)
2Fe + O2 → Fe2O3
c)
3Fe + 3O2 → 2Fe2O3
d)
Fe + 3O2 → Fe2O3
Answers
Answer:
D is balanced. :)
Among the following equations the one that represents the balanced equation for the reaction of iron and oxygen is a.
4Fe + 3O₂ → 2Fe₂O₃
What is balancing of a reaction?Balancing of a reaction is done according to the "Law of conservation of mass" and balancing helps in solving stoichiometry questions correctly as if we will not balance the reaction then the quantitative results in a particular question doesn't come correctly.
Balancing of a reaction helps in mole concept as well and it is one of the laws of chemical reactions as well.
Some examples of balanced chemical reactions are-
2Mg(s) + O₂(g) ⟶ 2MgO(g)
Ca(OH)₂ + H₃PO₄ → Ca₃(PO₄)₂ + H₂O
Therefore, Among the following equations the one that represents the balanced equation for the reaction of iron and oxygen is a.
4Fe + 3O₂ → 2Fe₂O₃
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A truck can carry a maximum load of 8000 kg.
The truck is loaded with packages each with a mass of 35 kg
correct to two significant figures.
Calculate the maximum number of packages
that the truck can carry.
did any one tell me the answer it's from lower and upper bound chapter
Answers
8000 / 35 = 228.57 —> You want to round down in this context, because 229 packages would exceed the weight limit.
The four structures that both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have are
Answers
Hello! Greetings from Turkey! :)
* Cell membrane
* Cytoplasm
* DNA and RNA
* Ribosome
GOOD LUCK!!
Why is it necessary to mix any solution that does not show an immediate change?.
Answers
Answer:
Explanation:
It is to keep the mixture homogeneous
The aim is to produce a homogenous mixture.
Describe the mixed solutions?In homogeneous solutions, particles of one substance the solute and those of another the solvent are combined, for example, in salty water. Heterogeneous solutions are massive collections (clumps) of the constituent ingredients, such as an oil-in-water emulsion.What do you call a homogenous mixture?A homogeneous mixture is also referred to as a solution. A homogenous combination of two or more components is called a solution. A solute is a substance that dissolves in a medium. The solvent is the substance that a solute dissolves in.What are some homogeneous mixture examples?Examples of homogenous mixtures are as follows:
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decide which element probably forms a compound with hydrogen that has a chemical formula most and least similar to the chemical formula of the compound formed by hydrogen and selenium.potassium,sulfur,chlorine,fluorine
Answers
The element that probably forms a compound with hydrogen that has a chemical formula most and least similar to the chemical formula of the compound formed by hydrogen and selenium is sulfur.
Sulfur is in the same group as selenium, which means they have similar chemical properties. Therefore, sulfur would most likely form a compound with hydrogen that has a chemical formula similar to hydrogen selenide (H₂Se), the compound formed by hydrogen and selenium. On the other hand, chlorine and fluorine are both highly reactive nonmetals that would not likely form compounds with hydrogen in a similar way to selenium.
Potassium is a highly reactive metal and would not likely form a compound with hydrogen in a similar way to selenium either.
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