how is the component that vaporizes first during distillation different from the component that vaporizes last

Answer:

A- SImilar to both copper and oxygen

Explanation:

If copper and oxygen react to form copper oxide, a compound of both Copper and Oxygen, they most likely have traits from both elements, therefore its A

A chemical change occurs when there is a bond breaking or bond making. A phase change, change in phase and or change in shape does not make a chemical change. A chemical change can be indicated by the heat given off by a reaction or change. Thus, option a is correct.

There are broadly two types of change occurs for a substance namely chemical change or physical change. A physical change is a change in state or phase involves no formation products or breaking of bonds. For example melting of a solid to liquid and boiling of liquid to gas etc.

In a chemical change there makes a bond breaking or making to form a new product. All chemical reactions such as combination reactions, decomposition, displacements etc. are chemical changes.

Every chemical change is associated with an enthalpy of heat energy that is absorbed or released by the system. Thus heat given off is an indication of a chemical change. Hence, option A is correct.

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Answer:

1.605cm = 4 significant figures

16.050cm = 4 significant figures

16.050cm = 4 significant figures

12 + 12.5 + 125 = 149.5 = 4 significant figures

1.62 × 10^3/2.8 × 10^-5 = 1620/0.000028 = 11 significant figures

Answer:

to produce hydrogen

Explanation:

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Hydrochloric acid reacts with manganese dioxide result in the evolution of chlorine gas. The HCl is added slowly to one portion at a time to collect the chlorine gas evolved with a pungent smell.

Manganese oxide is an ionic compound between the transition metal Mn and atmospheric oxygen, where the oxidation state of Mn is 5. Transition metals shows variable oxidations states.

Manganese oxide reacts with hydrochloric acid to form manganese chloride, water and chlorine gas. This reaction is an example of displacement reaction.

Here we are using a concentrated HCl. As the concentration of reagents increases, the rate of reaction also increases. Thus if we use bulk HCl initially, more chlorine gas will be evolved with pungent smell and suffocating effects. That's why we have to add Con. HCl slowly with portion wise.

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Number of molecules NH₃ = 4.45 x 10²²

A mole is a number of particles(atoms, molecules, ions)  in a substance

This refers to the atomic total of the 12 gr C-12  which is equal to 6.02.10²³, so 1 mole = 6.02.10²³ particles  

Can be formulated :

N = n x No

N = number of particles

n = mol

No = 6.02.10²³ = Avogadro's number

mol of NH₃ = n = 0.074

So the number of molecules :

\(\tt N=n\times No\\\\N=0.0740\times 6.02\times 10^{23}\\\\N=4.45\times 10^{22}\)

Saturated sodium chloride is used in this procedure because it helps to separate the organic layer from the aqueous layer.

What is organic layer?
Organic layer is a type of soil layer that includes organic matter such as leaves, wood, roots, and other plant and animal remains. This type of soil is important for agricultural production and is also beneficial to the environment. Organic layer is also known as top soil or humus. It is the most fertile and nutrient rich soil layer, due to the presence of the decomposing organic matter. Organic layer helps to regulate soil temperature and moisture, improve soil structure and aeration, and provide essential nutrients for plant growth. It also helps to reduce erosion, improve water-holding capacity, and keep soil particles in place. Organic layer also helps to increase the biodiversity of the soil, as it provides a habitat for beneficial microorganisms and other organisms. Organic layer is an important part of any healthy soil system.

The sodium chloride solution has a higher density than water and helps to ensure that the two layers remain distinct. Additionally, the sodium chloride helps to break the surface tension between the two layers, making it easier to separate them.

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Therefore, the net ionic equation for the reaction is Copper(2+) (aq) + 2 chlorine- (aq) → Copper(II) chloride (aq).

Ammonium sulphate and Copper hydroxide precipitate are the first products of the reaction between copper sulphate and ammonium hydroxide.

Mixing copper(II) sulphate and ammonium chloride results in the following observations:

Conventional: When copper ions (Copper2+) from Copper(II) sulfate are present, a blue solution develops. The colour of Ammonium Chloride doesn't seem to have changed at all.

Ionic total: While Ammonium Chloride dissociates into Ammonium and Chlorine- ions in solution, Copper(II) sulfate dissociates into Copper2+ and Sulfate 2- ions.

Copper(II) sulfate (aq) + 2 Ammonium Chloride (aq) → Copper(II) Chloride (aq) + 2 Ammonium (aq) + Sulfate 2- (aq)

Net Ionic: The net ionic equation shows only the species involved in the reaction. In this case, the Copper2+ and the Cl- ions combine to form Copper(II) chloride.

Copper2+ (aq) + 2 Chlorine- (aq) → Copper(II) chloride (aq)

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Answer:

When a solution is heated, the solvent evaporates, leaving behind the dissolved solids as residue. When a solution containing dissolved solutes is heated, the solvent will evaporate. Only the solute will remain in the evaporating dish.

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When using the process of evaporation to separate a mixture, solute is left behind in the evaporating dish

Evaporation is a sort of vaporization that occurs on a liquid's surface when it transitions from a liquid to a gas.

Evaporation is a separation technique that can be used to separate components of a combination including a decomposed solid in a liquid. The liquid gets evaporated, which means it is converted from a liquid to a gas. This frequently necessitates the use of heat. The solid will be all that remains after the liquid has entirely evaporated.

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Manufacturers make vegetable oils solid or semisolid at room temperature through a process called hydrogenation. Hydrogenation involves the addition of hydrogen gas to unsaturated vegetable oils, resulting in the conversion of some of the unsaturated fats into saturated fats.

This process increases the melting point of the oil and transforms it into a solid or semisolid form.

During hydrogenation, vegetable oils are heated and mixed with a catalyst, typically a metal catalyst like nickel, in the presence of hydrogen gas. The unsaturated fats in the oil undergo a chemical reaction called hydrogenation, where the carbon-carbon double bonds in the fatty acid molecules are converted into single bonds. This saturation process reduces the overall degree of unsaturation in the oil and increases its stability and solidification properties.

The hydrogenated vegetable oils, commonly known as trans fats, have a higher melting point and are solid or semisolid at room temperature. This property makes them suitable for various food applications, such as margarine, shortening, and bakery products, where a solid or semisolid texture is desired. However, it is worth noting that the consumption of trans fats has been linked to adverse health effects, and many manufacturers are now moving towards healthier alternatives and reducing the use of hydrogenated oils in their products.

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Manufacturers make vegetable oils solid or semisolid at room temperature through a process called hydrogenation.

Hydrogenation involves adding hydrogen gas to vegetable oils in the presence of a catalyst, typically nickel or palladium. This process causes the unsaturated fats in the oils to undergo a chemical reaction, converting them into saturated fats.

Saturated fats have a higher melting point and are solid or semisolid at room temperature, unlike the liquid form of unsaturated fats. By hydrogenating vegetable oils, manufacturers can increase their stability, improve texture, and extend shelf life. This transformation allows vegetable oils to be used as margarine, shortening, or in the production of solid or semisolid food products like baked goods and spreads.

Therefore, it is important to note that hydrogenation can result in the formation of trans fats, which have been associated with negative health effects. To address this concern, many manufacturers are transitioning to alternative methods or using healthier oils in their products.

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The negatively charged electron in the plum pudding model, however, is smaller than an atom and is negatively charged.

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Two responsible uses of machines are in Agriculture to improve efficiency, productivity, and profitability and in the medical field to diagnose and treat patients. Two irresponsible uses of machines are: Some produce a significant amount of pollution and harmful emissions, and machines are designed for warfare and destruction.

An MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) machine is a medical diagnostic tool that uses a powerful magnetic field, radio waves, and a computer to produce detailed images of internal organs, tissues, and bones in the body. It is a non-invasive and painless procedure that can provide valuable information about various conditions and diseases.

Machines have made agriculture practices easier and more efficient for farmers by increasing productivity, precision, and quality while reducing labor costs and physical strain.

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Answer:

Corrosian is a chemical change

Explanation:

Answer:

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Bile suspends lipids in the watery chyme in the small intestine so that lipids can be more easily digested by lipase enzymes.

Enzymes are proteins that accelerate metabolism and chemical reactions in the body. Build some substances and break down others. All living things have enzymes. Our bodies naturally produce enzymes. However, enzymes are also found in finished products and foods.

According to the International Union of Biochemists (I U B), enzymes are divided into six functional classes, classified according to the types of reactions used to catalyze them. The six enzymes are hydrolases, oxidoreductases, lyases, transferases, ligases, and isomerases.

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The frequency of the infrared wave at the given speed and wavelength is \(5.5 \times 10^{13} \ Hz\).

The given parameters;

The frequency of the infrared wave is calculated by using wave equation as shown below;

v = fλ

where;

\(f = \frac{v}{\lambda} \\\\f = \frac{3\times 10^8}{5.5 \times 10^{-6}} \\\\f = 5.5 \times 10^{13} \ Hz\)

Thus, the frequency of the infrared wave at the given speed and wavelength is \(5.5 \times 10^{13} \ Hz\).

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extraction is a technique used to separate two or more compounds by exploiting their solubility differences in immiscible aqueous and organic solvents.

In extraction, immiscible solvents, such as water and an organic solvent like ether or chloroform, are used to selectively dissolve different compounds present in a mixture. This relies on the principle that different compounds have varying solubilities in different solvents. For example, if a mixture contains a polar compound and a nonpolar compound, the polar compound will preferentially dissolve in the aqueous solvent, while the nonpolar compound will dissolve in the organic solvent. By carefully manipulating the solvents and their interactions with the compounds, it becomes possible to separate the desired compounds from the mixture and obtain individual components for further analysis or use.

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Answer:

weight of salt = 90 gram,

solubility = 50

sing formula

solubility of solute =

weightofsolventinsaturatedsolution

weightofsoluteinsaturatedsolution

×100

or 50=

weightofsolventinsaturatedsolutio

90gm

×100

so weight of solvent in saturated solution =

50

90gm

×100=180gm

Hence 180 gm of water is required to prepare a saturated solution.

A. Ammonia is the limiting reactant.

B. Theoretical yield of urea is 215.3 kg.

C. Percent yield for the reaction is 86.0%

D. The mass of the excess carbon dioxide left is approximately 54.1 kg.

a) To identify the limiting reactant, we should compare the amount of products formed from each reactant. The chemical equation for the formation of urea \((NH_2CONH_2)\) by combining ammonia \((NH_3)\) and carbon dioxide \((CO_2)\) is as follows:

\(2 NH_3 + CO_2 - > NH_2CONH_2 + H_2O\)

The stoichiometry of the balanced equation indicates that the ratio of ammonia to urea is 2:1.

We can find the number of moles for each reactant using the following masses:

Moles of ammonia = 122.0 kg / 17.03 g/mol = 7.17 mol

Moles of carbon dioxide = 211.4 kg / 44.01 g/mol = 4.80 mol

It takes 14.34 moles of ammonia to react completely with the available carbon dioxide because the ratio of ammonia to urea is 2:1. But the amount of ammonia we have is less than we need - only 7.17 mol. As a result, ammonia is the limiting reactant.

b. Based on the limiting reactant, it is possible to calculate the theoretical yield of urea. We can use the moles of ammonia, which is the limiting reactant, to calculate the moles of urea:

Moles of urea = 7.17 mol / 2 = 3.58 mol

We can determine the theoretical yield of urea using the molar mass of urea (60.06 g/mol) as a starting point:

Theoretical yield of urea = 3.58 mol * 60.06 g/mol = 215.3 kg

C. The actual yield (185.1 kg) is calculated by dividing it by the theoretical yield (215.3 kg), then multiplying the result by 100%.

Percent yield = (185.1 kg / 215.3 kg) * 100% = 86.0%

D. We can calculate the amount of non-limiting reactant that has not reacted yet to determine the excess reactant. Since ammonia is the limiting reactant, we must determine how much excess carbon dioxide there is:

Moles of excess carbon dioxide = Moles of carbon dioxide initially - Moles of carbon dioxide used

= 4.80 mol - (7.17 mol / 2) = 1.23 mol

We can determine the mass of excess carbon dioxide using the molar mass of carbon dioxide (44.01 g/mol):

Excess carbon dioxide = 1.23 mol * 44.01 g/mol = 54.1 kg

Therefore, the mass of the excess carbon dioxide left is approximately 54.1 kg.

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The atomic number is 4.

The atomic number of the given atom is equal to 4.

The atomic number (symbol Z) of a chemical element can be defined as the charge number of an atomic nucleus. For an ordinary atom, the atomic number is equal to the number of protons found in the nucleus of an atom of that element.

The atomic number helps to uniquely identify ordinary chemical elements. In an ordinary uncharged atom or neutral atom, the atomic number of that atom is also equal to the number of electrons.

For a neutral atom, the sum of the atomic number and the neutron number gives the atomic mass. The protons and neutrons have approximately the same mass. Atoms that have the same atomic number but different numbers of neutrons or different mass numbers are known as isotopes.

Given the number of electrons in the atom is 4. Therefore, the atomic number of that atom will be equal to 4.

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Answer:

\(Cu_{3}P\)

Explanation:

usually, the first step is to calculate the moles but since that is already given in the question we can move onto the next step

least molar ratio:

Cu =  \(\frac{1.5}{0.5}\) = 3

P = \(\frac{0.5}{0.5}\) = 1

thus, empirical formula = \(Cu_{3}P\)

The empirical formula for a compound that has 1.5 moles of copper and 0.5 moles of phosphorus is Cu₃P.

Empirical formula of any compound gives idea about the number of constituents particles present in that compound by mentioning the ration.

In the question, given that:

Moles of copper = 1.5 moles

Moles of phophorous = 0.5 moles

Now we divide the given moles by the smallest number to get the ration number as follow:
Cu  :  P

1.5/0.5  :  0.5/0.5

3  :  1

Hence, required empirical formula is Cu₃P.

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The use of water is to meet the daily needs of humans for drinking, eating, and cooking.

Water is a chemical substance with the formula H2O which is colorless, tasteless and odorless under standard conditions and is naturally found on the earth's surface.

Water is very important for humans, without water humans can die. Water has a role in the process of absorption and delivery of nutrients and oxygen to the body. Therefore, humans need to maintain water levels in the body so that the body does not experience digestive function disorders and food absorption.In addition, humans need water for cooking, bathing, washing. Water is also used for industrial, agricultural, animal husbandry, plantation, firefighting, recreation, restaurants, hotels, transportation, and various other purposes.

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Answer: 15N

Explanation:

The formula to calculate force in this scenario will be:

Force = Mass × Acceleration

where,

Mass = 6kg

Acceleration = 2.5m/s

We then put the values of mass and the acceleration in the formula. This will be:

F = ma

F = 6 × 2.5

F = 15N

Therefore, the force required to move the bowling ball will be 15Newton.

Answer: This is a combustion reaction

Explanation:

Carbon based molecules 1) Straight chain​ is linear arrangement, 2) Rings is closed loop of carbon atoms, 3) branched chain is a carbon atom that branches off from a main carbon chain.

(1) Straight chain: This structure is a linear arrangement of carbon atoms in a single row. An example of a straight chain carbon-based molecule is a hydrocarbon like n-hexane. A straight chain structure can be found in things such as a straight piece of rope or a straight road.

(2) Rings: This structure is a closed loop of carbon atoms. An example of a ring-shaped carbon-based molecule is cyclohexane. A ring structure can be found in things such as a bicycle tire or a ring on a finger.

(3) Branched chains: This structure is a carbon atom that branches off from a main carbon chain. An example of a branched-chain carbon-based molecule is isopropyl alcohol. A branched chain structure can be found in things such as a tree with branches or a fork in a road.

The structures of these three are attached in the image given below:-

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A maximum of two electrons will be placed in 1s first. With a maximum of two electrons, 2s will then be filled. With a maximum of 6 electrons, 2p will then be filled.

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Answer:

ok so basicalkly he lloked at how the subdiction zone formed and where previus conintal drift occured

Explanation:

If a flexible hot air balloon has a volume of 350,000 L of air at 40 degrees C and 1 atm, 13636 moles of air are in the balloon . This is taken out by ideal gas law.

The ideal gas law, also known as the general gas equation, is the state equation for a hypothetical ideal gas. Although it has several limitations, it is a good approximation of the behavior of many gases under many conditions. Benoît Paul Émile Clapeyron proposed it in 1834 as a combination of empirical Boyle's law, Charles' law, Avogadro's law, and Gay Lussac's law.

using the equation P × V= n × R × T

P = Pressure = 1 atm

V = Volume = 350000 L

n = moles

R = 0.082 L.atm.K⁻¹.mol⁻¹

solving for n ,

moles n =   13636 moles

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Given :

pH of solution of mixture of lactic acid and lactate is 4.26 .

To Find : \(log( \dfrac{[ \text{Conc. of lactate}]}{[\text{Conc . of lactic acid }]}) = 0.4\)

The ratio of the lactate concentration to the lactate .

Solution :

We know , pKa of lactic acid is :

pKa = 3.86 .

Now , the solution of lactic acid and lactate is a buffer solution .

So , pHof buffer acid is given by :

\(pH=pKa+log(\dfrac{[Salt]}{[Acid]})\)

Putting all given values :

\(log( \dfrac{[ \text{Conc. of lactate}]}{[\text{Conc . of lactic acid }]}) = 0.4\)

Taking anti log both the sides , we get :

\(\dfrac{[ \text{Conc. of lactate}]}{[\text{Conc . of lactic acid }]} = 2.51\)

Therefore , the ratio of the lactate concentration to the lactate is 2.51 .

Hence , this is the required solution .

Answer:

B

Explanation:

He, Ne, At, Kr, Xe and Rn are all group 18 or group Vlll or group 0 of the periodic table. Other options are periods