How might having many amino acids be coded for by several different codons keep transcription or translation errors from producing a different protein ?
Answers
Answer:
Different codons can produce the same amino acid due to the way they bind to transfer RNA (tRNA). Different organisms use different codons. So in theory, as you say, arginine can be coded for by 6 different codons.
Explanation:
Related Questions
where do the photosynthetic ETCs of the light dependent reactions lie?
Answers
The photosynthetic electron transport chains (ETCs) of the light-dependent reactions in photosynthesis are located in the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplasts.
The thylakoid membranes are stacked into grana and contain photosystems I and II, as well as various electron carriers such as plastoquinone, cytochrome b6f complex, and plastocyanin. Light energy is absorbed by photosystems I and II, which transfer electrons to the electron carriers, generating a proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane. This proton gradient is used to drive ATP synthesis by ATP synthase in a process known as photophosphorylation.
The ETCs of the light-dependent reactions are responsible for generating ATP and reducing power in the form of NADPH, which are then used in the Calvin cycle to fix carbon dioxide and synthesize organic molecules. The ETCs are also involved in generating molecular oxygen (O2) as a byproduct of photosynthesis.
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In which of the following situations is the air closest to being saturated?
40
А
40
40
B 4
40
40
40
D-
35
35
35
35
35
35
3
35
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
1
10
5
S
5
5
5
5
Wet Bulb
Dry Bulb
Wer Bulb
Dry Bulb
T= 34.0°C
Dry Bulb
T26.2°C
Wet Bulb
T = 29.5°C
Wet Bulb Dry Bulb
T= 22.5°C T = 21.0°C
T= 28.1°C
T = 13.9°C
T= 20.0°C
Answers
What is the mechanism(s) that bordetella pertussis uses to invade epithelial cells in the lungs?
Answers
The mechanism of action of Bordetella pertussis is to stop the cilia of epithelial cells from beating.
Bordetella pertussis is a pathogenic, gram-negative bacteria. It is the causative agent of highly communicable respiratory disease known as pertussis or whooping cough.
The mechanism of action of Bordetella pertussis:
This bacterium colonizes the ciliated epithelial cells of the respiratory airways of the host. A surface protein on the bacteria called filamentous haemagglutinin adhesin binds to sulfatides on the cilia of epithelial cells. When the bacterium is anchored, it releases tracheal cytotoxin, which prevents the cilia from beating.As a result, the cilia in an organism's lungs are unable to sweep out foreign material, and the body reacts by causing the host to cough. When people cough, bacteria are released into the air, where they might spread to other hosts. Another toxin called the pertussis toxin, often known as PTx, prevents adenylate cyclase from using ATP to convert to cyclic AMP. This results in over-conversion of ATP to cyclic AMP, which may interfere with cellular signaling systems. As a result, phagocytes are unable to respond to an infection effectively.Know more about Bordetella pertussis here:
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PLZ HELP ME!!!!
2. What happens to sedimentary rocks on Earth’s surface?
Answers
Answer:
Sedimentary rock can change into metamorphic rock or into igneous rock. ... On Earth's surface, wind and water can break rock into pieces. They can also carry rock pieces to another place. Usually, the rock pieces, called sediments, drop from the wind or water to make a layer
Explanation:
Answer:
Sedimentary rocks are formed on or near the Earth's surface, in contrast to metamorphic and igneous rocks, which are formed deep within the Earth. ... Erosion and weathering transform boulders and even mountains into sediments, such as sand or mud. Dissolution is a form of weathering—chemical weathering.
Explanation:
A building company purchases a large plot of forest-like land with the intention of building a new residential neighborhood. This forest-like area is home to 2 types of squirrels: tree squirrels and ground squirrels. Tree squirrels have bushy tails, longer legs, sharp claws for climbing, and large ears. Ground squirrels have shorter legs, less sharp claws, and less bushy fur. In order to build the houses, the company knocks down 80% of the trees. Which squirrel population was better fit for the change of the environment
a Ground squirrels because they did not require trees for survival.
b Tree squirrels because they require trees for survival.
c Ground squirrels because they can use their sharp claws to climb trees.
d Tree squirrels because they can use their sharp claws to burrow into the ground.
Answers
What do you think happens in the atmosphere to cause rain, snow, and other types of precipitation?
Answers
Answer:
water is evaporated into the air then the water molecules get too heavy and come back down as snow/rain/ect
Answer:
When warm, wet air rises, it cools, and water vapor condenses out to form clouds. ... When ice crystals form high up in the cloud, and it's below the freezing point of water all the way down, then you get snow. But when there are alternating layers of air above and below freezing, you get other types of precipitation.
Explanation:
How would the absence of enzymes impact digestion
Answers
Answer:
When the pancreas doesn't naturally secrete digestive enzymes, it affects your body's ability to break down the foods you eat and absorb nutrients. This can lead to malnutrition as well symptoms such as bloating, cramping, gassiness, and diarrhea.
Explanation:
HELPThe Punnett square shows the possible genotypecombinations of two parents who are homozygous fora trait.WWW WWWwWWWWwWhat is the probability of the parents having a childthat is heterozygous for this trait?O 0%O 25%O 75%O 100%
Answers
As we can see in the punnet square we have a recessive homozygous and a dominant homozygous, in the possible combinations that can have the offspring, that is to say the letters inside square we can see that all are heterozygus, e
Tommy is a resident of Capital City in the fictional country of Bergundia. Each Tuesday morning before going to work he, along will all other residents, stops by city hall and votes on any rules and laws that are being considered. He, and other citizens, do the same thing on Thursday afternoons.
Based on this fictitious example, Tommy lives in
A) a theocratic state.
B) a direct democracy.
C) a totalitarian state.
D) a representative democrac
Answers
hope this helps!!☺️
Which component of eukaryotic cells is critical for the correct sorting and transport of proteins?.
Answers
In eukaryotic cells, the endomembrane system is a collection of organelles and membranes that collaborate to transport, package, and alter lipids and proteins.
Protein classification is carried out by what organelle?Proteins from the ER are further processed and sorted in the Golgi apparatus, or Golgi complex, where they are then transported to their final locations—lysosomes, the plasma membrane, or secretion—for use in other processes.
Which cell is in charge of sorting the items that will be transported?Flattened sacs are layered one on top of the other to form the Golgi body. Its purpose is to process secretory and synthetic products coming from the ER before delivering the final goods into various cell regions or secreting them outside the cell.
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What is the role of NADPH in CO₂ reduction?
Answers
A redox pathway is represented by the dark reactions. As CO2 is reduced to glucose, NADPH gets oxidized to NADP+.
NADPH does it lessen CO2?During the Calvin-Benson cycle, carbon dioxide from the atmosphere is transformed into glucose. Utilizing the electrons made accessible by the oxidation of NADPH, calls for the total reduction of CO2. So, a redox pathway is represented by the dark reactions. As CO2 is reduced to glucose, NADPH was oxidized to NADP+.
What function does NADPH perform?All organisms require nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) as an important electron donor because it supplies the reducing energy needed for anabolic processes and redox balance. NADPH homeostasis is controlled by a variety of signaling channels and various metabolic enzymes that change adaptively in cancer cells.
Does NADH lessen CO2?The equilibrium predicted per thermodynamic considerations, which is likewise attained from the formic acid side, is obtained during the enzyme-catalyzed CO2 reduction by NADH. The Michaelis constant with CO2 is around 40 mM, reflecting the enzyme's poor affinity for this substrate.
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explain "environmentally friendly" as an advantage of
water
transport
Answers
The environmentally friendly nature of water transport lies in its capacity to minimize carbon emissions, utilize existing waterways, reduce traffic congestion, and explore cleaner energy alternatives.
Water transport, such as ships, boats, and barges, is often regarded as environmentally friendly due to several advantages it offers in terms of reducing negative impacts on the environment.
Firstly, water transport has a relatively low carbon footprint compared to other modes of transportation like road or air transport.
Ships and barges are more fuel-efficient and can carry large amounts of cargo in a single trip, reducing the overall energy consumption and emissions per ton of goods transported.
This efficiency helps to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution.
Secondly, water transport relies on natural waterways like rivers, lakes, and oceans, minimizing the need for constructing new infrastructure. Unlike land-based transport, which requires the construction and maintenance of extensive road networks, water transport utilizes existing water channels, reducing land disruption and habitat destruction.
Additionally, water transport has the potential to contribute to the reduction of traffic congestion on roads, as it can transport goods over long distances without adding to the traffic volume.
This can lead to a decrease in traffic-related pollution and enhance the overall air quality in urban areas.
Moreover, water transport can offer an alternative to fossil fuel-dependent modes of transportation.
By utilizing innovative technologies, such as electric or hybrid propulsion systems, water transport can further reduce its environmental impact by transitioning to renewable energy sources.
These advantages make water transport an attractive option for sustainable logistics and contribute to mitigating the adverse effects of transportation on the environment.
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what are the phenotypes of the double crossover flies? select one: a. vg and pr;bl b. pr;bl and pr;vg c. bl and pr;vg d. pr and vg;bl
Answers
Double crossover flies are those that have undergone two crossover events during meiosis. The phenotypes of the double crossover flies depend on the location of the crossover events on the chromosome. In this case, the options provided are a, b, c, and d.
Option a, vg and pr;bl, suggests that the two crossover events occurred between the vg and pr genes and between pr and bl genes. This would result in the exchange of the vg and bl alleles between the homologous chromosomes, resulting in the phenotypes vg and pr;bl.
Option b, pr;bl and pr;vg, suggests that the two crossover events occurred between the pr and bl genes and between pr and vg genes. This would result in the exchange of the bl and vg alleles between the homologous chromosomes, resulting in the phenotypes pr;bl and pr;vg.
Option c, bl and pr;vg, suggests that the two crossover events occurred between the bl and vg genes and between pr and vg genes. This would result in the exchange of the bl and pr alleles between the homologous chromosomes, resulting in the phenotypes bl and pr;vg.
Option d, pr and vg;bl, suggests that the two crossover events occurred between the pr and vg genes and between vg and bl genes. This would result in the exchange of the pr and bl alleles between the homologous chromosomes, resulting in the phenotypes pr and vg;bl.
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What happens to the molecules of a substance when heat is added to it ?
Answers
Answer:
The molecules start to energize.
Explanation:
When you heat up any molecule, the atoms and molecules start to vibrate more energetically. When this happens, it increases the space in-between the atoms. The substance expands and takes up more space as atoms move faster and farther away.
Meat and poultry products must be refrigerated or frozen after processing and before shipment to inhibit spoilage and
growth of pathogens. During transportation and storage, the challenge is to maintain proper refrigeration temperatures.
In the United States, most food is transported by truck. However, meat, poultry, and egg products may be transferred to and
from other modes of transportation during shipment and held at intermediate warehouses as well as at transfer or handling
facilities, such as airports, break-bulk terminals, and rail sidings. Because transportation and storage are vital links in the
farm-to-table food chain, effective control measures are essential at each point in the food distribution chain to prevent
unintentional contamination.
Use the relevant literature and the information in the extract to discuss how the characteristics of a product affects its
packaging and explain the main actions that should be taken to ensure food safety when transporting fresh meat
products. ( 20 marks)
Answers
Proper packaging and temperature control are vital when transporting fresh meat products to ensure food safety and prevent contamination. Adherence to sanitation practices and coordination among stakeholders is crucial.
Fresh meat products require specific packaging to ensure food safety during transportation. Packaging should provide a protective barrier against damage, moisture loss, and contamination. To ensure safety, temperature control is crucial, and refrigerated trucks with monitoring systems should be used.
Sanitary practices, including regular cleaning and sanitization of vehicles, are important to prevent cross-contamination. Proper handling and storage procedures at transfer facilities are necessary. Effective communication among stakeholders is also crucial. By implementing these measures, the risk of contamination and spoilage can be minimized, ensuring the safety and quality of fresh meat products throughout the distribution process.
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on number 6, what is the answer, a, b, c, or d
Answers
ASAP 100 points The Digital Wall Mapper gave scientists 3-D maps of caves.
true or false need ASAP
Answers
Answer:
I believe that this is right!!!
Explanation:
Answer:
Your answer would be true
Explanation:
[Anatomy, Articulations Homework] The special movement of drawing a back a "jutted out" mandible is known as?
Answers
The special movement of drawing back a "jutted out" mandible is known as erotrusion.
A jutted out mandible is called protrusion. The opposite of protrusion is retrusion. The movement of a structure in a posterior, or backward, direction, is what is meant by this term. Retrusion in anatomy might manifest as putting your tongue back in your mouth, pulling your lips back, or pulling your jaw back.
Prognathism is sometimes known as a Habsburg jaw or a prolonged chin. Prognathism typically refers to an excessive protrusion of the lower jaw.
Depending on which jaw is impacted, prognathism can result in either an overbite or an underbite. Prognathism could be a symptom of a medical disease that has to be treated.
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Though they are too small to see without a special microscope, atoms make up all of the substances around you. Like all matter, atoms have mass and volume. But atoms are extremely small. A water droplet, like the one hanging from the tip of the leaf in this picture, contains more than a billion trillion atoms! Which of the following is a true statement? A. Atoms do not have mass. B. Atoms can be seen with the naked eye. C. All atoms are the same. D. Atoms make up every substance around you.
Answers
Answer:
Atoms make up every substance around you.
You cannot see single atoms without a special microscope. But every substance around you is made of atoms.
Explanation:
Atoms make up every substance around you is the true statement. Therefore, option (D) is correct.
What are atoms?An atom is the smallest unit of matter that retains all of the chemical properties of an element. Atoms combine to form molecules, which then interact to form solids, gases, or liquids.
Moreover, at the most basic level, all organisms are made of a combination of elements. They contain atoms that combine together to form molecules. In multicellular organisms, such as animals, molecules can interact to form cells that combine to form tissues, which make up organs.
Every day, our bodies take in new atoms from the air we breathe, the food we eat, and the liquids we drink. These atoms are incorporated into our cells and fuel the chemical processes that keep us alive.
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What is another word for "obtains and uses energy"?
Answers
What happens to the air pressure of an air parcel as it flows up the side of a mountain?
Answers
Answer:
it reduces,
Explanation:
bcos pressure decreases with altitude or heights.
when two average-height parents give birth to a child exhibiting achondroplastic dwarfism, it is most likely due to a new mutation. this is because
Answers
When two average-height parents give birth to a child exhibiting achondroplastic dwarfism, it is most likely due to a new mutation as this is because of achondroplasia is due to an allele this is constantly expressed; therefore, the father and mother ought to no longer have the allele.
Achondroplasia is inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern, this means that one reproduction of the altered gene in every mobileular is enough to reason the disorder. About eighty percentage of humans with achondroplasia have average-height parents ; those instances end result from new mutations withinside the FGFR3 gene.
In the final instances, humans with achondroplasia have inherited an altered FGFR3 gene from one or affected dad and mom as achondroplasia is due to an allele this is constantly expressed; therefore, the dad and mom ought to now no longer have the allele.
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Question # 2
Multiple Choice
IPM plans can include the possible use of pesticides to deal with invasive
pests of all types, including insects, bacteria, fungi, viruses, and even
mammals.
O True
O False
Answers
The statement IPM plans can include the possible use of pesticides to deal with invasive pests of all types, including insects, bacteria, fungi, viruses, and even mammals is True.
What are Integrated Pest Management procedures or IPM strategies?Integrated Pest Management procedures or IPM strategies are aimed at controlling all types of plagues in extensive crops, which may include the use of biological control methods such as competitive species in the case of some arthropods.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that Integrated Pest Management procedures or IPM strategies are based on the control of any animal pest.
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what is the difference between your town's minimum temperatures yesterday? In your answer, list one explanation for why temperature changes during the day.
Answers
Answer:
Maximum temperature was 40 Celsius at daytime while temperature at night was 31 Celsius.
Explanation:
Yesterday maximum temperature was 40 Celsius at daytime while temperature at night was 31 Celsius because during daytime the intensity of sunlight increases the temperature of the particles present in the atmosphere. So at daytime, temperature increases while at night decrease occurs in the temperature. There is a lot of fluctuation in temperature at daytime due to increasing and lowering the intensity of light.
Answer:
The difference between the high and low temperatures in New York City was 12 degrees. One reason for the temperature difference is Earth’s rotation. Temperatures are generally warmer during the day because that side of the planet is heated by the Sun. At night, that side faces away from the Sun. So, temperatures will be cooler.
Explanation:
Using the information from the table, what is the surface-area-to-volume ratio for the spherical cell that removes waste via diffusion most efficiently?.
Answers
The cuboidal cell of cell A's surface-area to volume ratio, which eliminates waste via diffusion most effectively, is 24: 8.
Volume grows more quickly than surface area as cell size increases because volume is in the form of a cube while surface area is present as a square. If the surface area is less and the volume is large then diffusion rate via the cell is slow and inefficient. Therefore, we can draw the conclusion that diffusion is more effective when there is a bigger surface area than volume.
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how does neural transmission compare to endocrine signal transmission? (2 points) hormones are chemicals from endocrine glands, and neurotransmitters are chemical signals from neurons. hormones are electric impulses sent from endocrine glands, and action potentials are electric signals sent through neurons. endocrine glands and neurons both send their messages through the bloodstream. endocrine glands and neurons both use electrical signals.
Answers
Electrical and chemical signaling are both a part of neural communication between neurons and their target cells. neural transmission is used in endocrine communication via hormone release into extracellular fluid.
Neurotransmitters are chemical signals produced by neurons, whereas hormones are substances produced by endocrine glands. Action potentials are neural transmission signals delivered by neurons, much as hormones are electric impulses sent by endocrine glands. Neurons and endocrine glands both communicate through the circulation. Electrical impulses are used by both neurons and endocrine glands. I believe that employing an neural transmission signal is the most typical. One axon is all that most neurons have. The portion of a neuron called an neural transmission is responsible for carrying nerve impulses from the soma to other neurons. When endocrine cells produce hormones that have an effect on distant targets, endocrine signaling takes place.
The complete question is:
how does neural transmission compare to endocrine signal transmission?
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6) Which mRNA codons (3 bases) always last on the mRNA molecule?
Answers
UAG, UAA, and UGA. These codons signal the end of the polypeptide chain during translation. These codons are also known as nonsense codons or termination codons as they do not code for an amino acid.
Which of these scenarios would cause a metal wire to conduct a current?
A.
hooking the wire to one terminal of a battery
B.
moving a magnet near the wire
C.
changing the wire's orientation within a gravitational field
D.
looping the wire into a circle
Answers
Answer:
hooking wire to one terminal battery
You have probably seen movies depicting the world after natural disasters have changed the climate, or reduced the availability of food, water, or even space to live. Work with a partner to brainstorm what could happen in one of these situations. Then write a short movie script describing what might happen in your community if these resources became very limited.
Answers
Answer: Soil erosion, Global Warming caused by the rise of greenhouse gases- Extinction of species and loss of biodiversity, Flooding, and drought could happen if disasters have changed the climate, or reduced the availability of food, water, or even space to live.
Explanation: Hope this helped
With rising worldwide surface temperatures, there is a greater chance of more droughts and stronger storms. As more water vapour evaporates into the atmosphere, it serves as fuel for the development of more intense cyclones.
What are the effects of climate change and natural catastrophes on our ecosystem and people?Climate change is indeed having an effect on health in a variety of ways, including the increased frequency of severe weather events such as heatwaves, cyclones, and floods, the disruption of food systems, rises in zoonoses and food-, water-, and vector-borne illnesses, and mental health problems.
Why is climate change a potential disaster?Climate change will thus affect disaster risks in two ways: first, by increasing the likelihood of weather and climate hazards, as well as the effects of sea-level rise; and second, by increasing the vulnerability of communities to natural hazards as a result of ecosystem degradation, water and food shortages.
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Select the correct answer.
A gene with the sequence ATTCATTCA underwent duplication after a few generations. Which sequence represents this gene after the mutation?
Group of answer choices
ATCATTCA
ACTTACTTA
ATTCACATTCA
ATCCATTCA
ATTCATTCA
Answers
Answer: ATCATTCA
Explanation: