if [h3o+] = 2.65 × 10-4 m, what is [ohâ¯]?

The pH of the solution before any base has been added is 0.638. The pH of the solution after the addition of 20.0 mL of LiOH is 2.34. 20 mL of the LiOH would be required to reach the halfway point of the titration. The pH of the solution at the equivalence point is 7. The pH of the solution after the addition of 100.0 mL of LiOH is approximately 11.70.

Before any base is added, the solution consists of only the weak acid. To calculate the pH, we need to determine the concentration of H⁺ ions. Since the weak acid is not completely dissociated, we can assume that [H⁺] = [HA]. Therefore, [H⁺] = 0.229 M.

Taking the negative logarithm of the concentration, we get:

pH = -log([H⁺]) = -log(0.229) = 0.638.

After the addition of 20.0 mL of LiOH, we need to determine the moles of LiOH that react with HA. Since LiOH is a strong base, it reacts completely in a 1:1 ratio with HA. The moles of LiOH used can be calculated using the formula:

moles LiOH = volume of LiOH (L) × concentration of LiOH (M)

moles LiOH = 0.020 L × 0.100 M = 0.002 mol.

Since the acid and base react in a 1:1 ratio, the moles of HA consumed are also 0.002 mol. The remaining moles of HA can be calculated as the initial moles (0.229 mol) minus the moles consumed (0.002 mol):

moles HA remaining = 0.229 mol - 0.002 mol = 0.227 mol.

Now we need to calculate the concentration of H⁺ ions using the remaining moles and the final volume of the solution:

[H⁺] = moles HA remaining / final volume (in L)

[H⁺] = 0.227 mol / (40.0 mL + 20.0 mL) / 1000 = 0.00453 M.

Taking the negative logarithm of the concentration, we get:

pH = -log([H⁺]) = -log(0.00453) ≈ 2.34.

The halfway point of the titration occurs when exactly half of the moles of HA have reacted with LiOH. Since the reaction is 1:1, this occurs when moles of HA consumed = 0.5 × initial moles of HA. We can calculate the moles of HA consumed using the formula from question 2:

moles HA consumed = 0.002 mol.

So, the halfway point is reached when 0.002 mol of HA has reacted. To calculate the volume of LiOH required for this, we use the formula:

volume of LiOH = moles LiOH / concentration of LiOH

volume of LiOH = 0.002 mol / 0.100 M = 0.02 L = 20 mL.

At the equivalence point, all the moles of HA have reacted with the moles of LiOH in a 1:1 ratio. This means that the moles of HA are consumed equally with the initial moles of HA, and no HA is left in the solution. Since LiOH is a strong base, it completely dissociates, resulting in an excess of OH⁻ ions. The pH at the equivalence point depends on the dissociation of water. At 25°C, the dissociation constant of water (Kw) is 1.0 x 10⁻¹⁴. Since [H⁺] = [OH⁻] at the equivalence point, we can calculate the concentration we get:

pH = -log([H⁺]) ≈ -log(1.0 x 10⁻⁷) = 7.

After the addition of 100.0 mL of LiOH, all the moles of HA have been consumed. This means that the solution is in excess of OH⁻ ions. To calculate the concentration of OH⁻ ions, we can use the formula:

moles OH⁻ = volume of LiOH (L) × concentration of LiOH (M)

moles OH⁻ = 0.100 L × 0.100 M = 0.010 mol.

Since LiOH is a strong base and completely dissociates, the concentration of OH⁻ ions is equal to the moles of OH⁻ divided by the final volume of the solution:

[OH⁻] = moles OH⁻ / final volume (in L)

[OH⁻] = 0.010 mol / (40.0 mL + 20.0 mL + 100.0 mL) / 1000 = 0.005 M.

Now, we can calculate the pOH using the concentration of OH⁻:

pOH = -log([OH⁻]) = -log(0.005) ≈ 2.30.

Finally, to find the pH, we use the equation:

pH = 14 - pOH = 14 - 2.30 = 11.70.

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Answer:6.241

Explanation :Step 1: List the known quantities and plan the problem.

Step 2: Solve. n=PVRT=0.987atm×0.677L0.08206L⋅atm/K⋅mol×296K=0.0275mol. Now divide g by mol to get the molar mass. ...

Step 3: Think about your result. The R value that corresponds to a pressure in atm was chosen for this problem.

Answer:

1=B

2=A

3=A

Explanation:

Any subsatance with a ph of less than 7 is acidic.

Bases measure over 7

Answer:

196 grams

because ^^^ was wrong and person in comments said it was 196 and it was right

When NaOH of 4.00 g is being added with water, the mass of water required to create 2.00% of NaOH solution by mass is 196 g.

It means that the particular amount of solute in terms of percentage is present in the solute.

Given the mass of the solute, NaOH is 4.00g

Suppose the mass of water required to add is x in g.

The mass percent of the solute is

\(\dfrac{2}{100} =\dfrac{4.00}{4.00 +x }\)

x =196 g

Therefore, mass of water required to create 2.00% of NaOH solution by mass is 196 g.

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The formula for the compound formed between magnesium and bromine is MgBr₂.

The formula of a compound is a representation of the elements present in the compound and the ratio in which they are combined. It indicates the types and the number of atoms of each element in a molecule or an empirical formula unit of the compound.

The formula for the compound formed between magnesium (Mg) and bromine (Br) using the Lewis model can be considered by looking at the valence electrons of each atom.

Magnesium (Mg) is located in Group 2 of the periodic table and has a valence electron configuration of [Ne] 3s². It tends to lose its two valence electrons to achieve a stable octet configuration.

Bromine (Br) is located in Group 17 of the periodic table and has a valence electron configuration of [Ar] 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁵. It tends to gain one electron to achieve a stable octet configuration.

Since magnesium loses two electrons and bromine gains one electron, they can form an ionic bond. The Lewis structure for this compound can be represented as follows:

Mg²⁺ + Br⁻ → MgBr₂

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The type of plot that can be used to determine λ max of a solution is Absorbance vs wavelength.

The correct option is C.

The plot of absorbance vs wavelength is called an absorption spectrum or an absorbance spectrum.

In this plot, the x-axis represents the wavelength of light, usually in nanometers (nm), and the y-axis represents the absorbance of the sample at that particular wavelength. The absorbance is a measure of how much light is absorbed by the sample at a specific wavelength.

The absorption spectrum is used to identify the wavelengths at which a substance absorbs light and can be used to determine the identity or concentration of the substance. The pattern of peaks and troughs in the absorption spectrum is unique to each substance, making it a useful tool in analytical chemistry and biochemistry.

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The same amount of time, the cobalt-60 sample will have a higher activity than the strontium-90 sample because more of its atoms will have decayed. However, over time, the activity of both samples will decrease as more and more atoms decay.

The activities (number of decays per second) of the samples will not be the same. This is because the half-life of strontium-90 is longer than that of cobalt-60, which means that it takes longer for half of the atoms in the strontium-90 sample to decay. Therefore, after the same amount of time, the cobalt-60 sample will have a higher activity than the strontium-90 sample because more of its atoms will have decayed. However, over time, the activity of both samples will decrease as more and more atoms decay.

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The alanine molecule has a net negative charge at pH 11, where the amine exists as a neutral base and the carboxyl serves as its conjugate base.

The amino acid alanine is necessary for the synthesis of proteins. Vitamin B-6 and tryptophan are broken down using it. It provides the central nervous system and muscles with energy. It helps the body use glucose and boosts the immune system.

The alanine chemical structure reveals that the backbone is made up of two functional groups: the carboxyl group (COOH C O O H) and the amino group (NH2 N H 2), as well as a carbon atom attached to the side chain, CH3 C H 3.

The majority of proteins contain a large amount of the glycogenic amino acid alanine. Alanine can also be produced from other amino acids, particularly branched chain amino acids (BCAA) like valine, leucine, and isoleucine.

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Answer:

Mass = 26.8 g

Explanation:

Given data:

Mass of sodium hydroxide are required = ?

Mass of water = 232 g

Molarity of solution = 2.88 M

Solution:

Molarity is used to describe the concentration of solution. It tells how many moles are dissolve in per litter of solution.

Formula:

Molarity = number of moles of solute / L of solution

1 g = 0.001 L

232 g = 0.001 L× 232 =0.232 L

By putting values in molarity formula,

2.88 M = number of moles / 0.232 L

Number of moles = 2.88 M ×0.232 L

Number of moles = 0.67 mol

Mass of NaOH:

Mass = number of moles × molar mass

Mass = 0.67 mol × 40 g/mol

Mass = 26.8 g

The total charge that flows while the battery is being charged is approximately 193,939.39 Coulombs.

To calculate the total charge that flows while the battery is being charged, we can use the relationship between electrical energy, potential difference, and charge.

The electrical energy (E) stored in the battery is given as 64 mega Jules (64 MJ). The potential difference (V) provided by the battery is 330 volts. We know that the energy (E) is equal to the product of the potential difference (V) and the charge (Q):

E = V * Q

Since the charging process is 100% efficient, all the electrical energy supplied is stored in the battery. Therefore, we can rearrange the equation to solve for the charge (Q):

Q = E / V

Substituting the given values, we have:

Q = 64 MJ / 330 V

To perform the calculation, we need to convert mega Jules (MJ) to joules (J) since the SI unit of energy is joules. One mega Joule is equal to 1 million joules:

Q = (64 * 10^6 J) / 330 V

Calculating the division:

Q ≈ 193,939.39 Coulombs

Therefore, the total charge that flows while the battery is being charged is approximately 193,939.39 Coulombs.

This value represents the quantity of electric charge transferred during the charging process, and it indicates the amount of electricity that enters the battery.

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This problem is providing the equilibrium reaction whereby SO3 is produced and asks for the value of the equilibrium constant. After the calculations, the answer turns out to be 0.124.

In chemistry, when a chemical reaction attempts to go to completion, it might experience a limitation known as equilibrium; a condition where it is not able to proceed any further.

In such a way, for the given reaction:

\(2SO_2(g)+O_2(g)\rightleftharpoons 2SO_3(g)\)

We can write the equilibrium expression as:

\(K=\frac{p_{SO_3}^2}{p_{SO_2}^2p_{O_2}}\)

Hence, given the total pressure at equilibrium, we can add the pressures of all the species at equilibrium including the reaction extent, x:

\(P_{eq}=p_{SO_3}+p_{SO_2}+p_{O_2}\\\\3.80=(2x)+(2.98-2x)+(1.18-x)\)

Thus, we solve for x to obtain:

\(3.80-2.98-1.18=2x-2x-x\\\\-0.36=-x\\\\x=0.36bar\)

Hence, we plug it in into the equilibrium expression to obtain the equilibrium constant as follows:

\(K=\frac{(2x)^2}{(2.98-2x)^2(1.18-x)}\\\\K=\frac{(2*0.36)^2}{(2.98-2*0.36)^2(1.18-0.36)}\\\\K=0.124\)

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U has a total of six electrons. This corresponds to carbon (C). A is the second most common element in the atmosphere.

The second most common element in the atmosphere is oxygen (O). E is a noble gas.

Noble gases include helium (He), neon (Ne), argon (Ar), krypton (Kr), xenon (Xe), and radon (Rn). Based on the given options, E could be xenon (Xe).

S is an alkali metal.

Alkali metals include lithium (Li), sodium (Na), potassium (K), rubidium (Rb), cesium (Cs), and francium (Fr). Based on the given options, S could be sodium (Na).

O is a halogen.

Halogens include fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br), iodine (I), and astatine (At). Based on the given options, O could be bromine (Br).

O has an atomic number larger than V but smaller than W.

Based on the periodic table, the atomic number of oxygen (O) is 8, which is larger than the atomic number of vanadium (V) (23) and smaller than the atomic number of tungsten (W) (74).

The charge on an L ion is +2.

The charge of +2 indicates that L must lose two electrons to form the ion. Based on the given options, L could be calcium (Ca).

C has five electrons in its outer energy fever.

Carbon (C) has four valence electrons, not five. This contradicts the given statement, so we need to revisit the deductions.

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The specific heat of the metal is 21,695.047 J/g/deg

The water will develop heat as a result of heat being transmitted from the hot metal to the colder water. The metal and the water will both be the same temperature (56C) at the conclusion.

The heat (q) is determined by multiplying the mass (m) by the specific heat (C) and the temperature change (ΔT).

q = mC∆T

For the metal: q = (2.34kg) (C J/g/deg) (129deg - 88deg)

                        q = 301.86- 205.92

                        q = 95.94 C

For the water: q = (15,546g) (4.184 J/g/deg) (88 deg - 56 deg) 

= 65,044.464*88 - 65,044.464*56

= 2081422.848 J

95.94 C = 2081422.848

C = 2081422.848/95.94 = 21,695.047

C = 21,695.047 J/g/deg --> specific heat of the metal

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Answer:

The number of outer shell electrons determines the group number of the element. The number of occupied principle quantum shells (energy levels) determines the period of the element. The proton number determines the element itself and its position.

Explanation:

Approximately 59.71 kilojoules (kJ) of heat is required to evaporate 100.0 g of hydrogen sulfide at its boiling point.

To calculate the heat required to evaporate 100.0 g of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) at its boiling point, we need to use the concept of heat of vaporization.

The heat of vaporization is the amount of heat energy required to change 1 mole of a liquid substance to its vapor state at constant temperature and pressure. For hydrogen sulfide, the molar heat of vaporization is approximately 20.4 kJ/mol.

First, we need to find the number of moles of H2S in 100.0 g:

Number of moles (n) = Mass (m) / Molar mass (M)

The molar mass of H2S = 2.02 g/mol (hydrogen) + 32.06 g/mol (sulfur) = 34.08 g/mol

n = 100.0 g / 34.08 g/mol ≈ 2.93 moles

Now, we can calculate the heat required:

Heat required = n × molar heat of vaporization

Heat required = 2.93 moles × 20.4 kJ/mol ≈ 59.71 kJ

So, approximately 59.71 kilojoules (kJ) of heat is required to evaporate 100.0 g of hydrogen sulfide at its boiling point.

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Reason Why:  Let's replace the data given in the formula of Ideal Gases Law.P. V = n . R . T

3L . 1000kPa = n . 8.31 L.kPa/mol.K . 298K

(3L . 1000 kPa) / ( 8.31 L.kPa/mol.K . 298K) = n

1.21 moles

PLEASE FOLLOW AND MARK BRAINLIEST :D

Answer:

I hope this helps :D

Explanation:

Newton's first law expresses that each object  will stay very still or in uniform movement in an orderly fashion except if constrained to change its state by the activity of an outside power. ... The third law expresses that for each activity (power) in nature there is an equivalent and inverse response.

the half-reactions

cathode : Zn²⁺ (aq) + 2e⁻ ---> Zn (s)  

anode : Mg (s) → Mg²⁺ (aq) + 2e−

a balanced cell reaction

Zn²⁺(aq) + Mg(s)→ Zn(s) + Mg²⁺ (aq)

Given

Zn and Mg electrodes

Required

The half-reactions for a galvanic cell

Solution

To determine the reaction of a voltaic cell, we must determine the metal that serves as the anode and the metal that serves as the cathode.

To determine this, we can either know from the standard potential value of the cell or use the voltaic series

1. voltaic series

Li-K-Ba-Ca-Na-Mg-Al-Mn- (H2O) -Zn-Cr-Fe-Cd-Co-Ni-Sn-Pb- (H) -Cu-Hg-Ag-Pt-Au

The more to the left, the metal is more reactive (easily release electrons) and the stronger reducing agent

So the metal on the left will easily undergo oxidation and function as anode

Since Mg is located to the left of Zn, then Mg functions as anode and Zn as a cathode

2. Standard potentials cell of Mg and Zn metals :

Mg2+ + 2e– → Mg E° = -2,35 V

Zn2+ + 2e– → Zn E° = -0,78 V

The anode has a smaller E°, then Mg is the anode and Zn is the cathode.

Answer:

Explanation:help

it takes approximately 38.04 years for 16.0 ng of tritium to decay to the point where 2.0 ng remains. The half-life of tritium is 12 years, which means that after 12 years, half of the original amount of tritium will decay. To find out how long it takes for 16.0 ng of tritium to decay to 2.0 ng, we can use the concept of half-life.


Calculate the number of half-lives needed to decay from 16.0 ng to 2.0 ng. First, find the difference in the number of ng: 16.0 ng - 2.0 ng = 14.0 ng. Next, divide this difference by the original amount: 14.0 ng / 16.0 ng = 0.875. This means that 0.875 or 87.5% of the original tritium has decayed. Since each half-life represents a decay of 50%, we need to find the number of half-lives it takes to reach 87.5%.

Calculate the number of half-lives We can use the formula N = (log(final amount) - log(initial amount)) / log(0.5), where N is the number of half-lives. Plugging in the values, we have N = (log(0.875) - log(1)) / log(0.5 Using a calculator, we find N ≈ 3.17.

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Using indicators at a certain point in each reaction the solution turned blue, indicating that a pH change had occurred due to increase in the hydroxide ion concentration.

Indicator is defined as a chemical substance which is chemically a weak acid or a weak base which changes it's color depending upon the concentration of hydrogen ions present in the solution.They dissociate slightly in water to produce ions.

These are generally derived from plant pigments and are of slightly acidic or basic in nature.There are three types of indicators:

1) natural indicators

2) synthetic indicators

3) olfactory indicators.

These are mainly used in determination of end point of titrations. Every indicator has it's pH range in which it can perform effectively.These are usually organic compounds.

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In the coordination compound \([Cr(NH_{3})(en)_{2}Cl]Br_{2}\)  ,the coordination number(C.N.) of the metal atom is 4  and oxidation number(O.N.) is +2 .

Here the metal atom is Chromium (Cr) and it is bounded by 4 molecules within the complex which are \(NH_3\) , Cl and two (en) molecules. Hence, the coordination number is 4.

To calculate oxidation number, we can see on ionizing the compound the complex will have an overall charge of +2 and we already know the oxidation numbers of  \(NH_3\) , Cl and (en) which are +1 for \(NH_3\) , 0 for (en) and -1 for Cl. Therefore, if we take oxidation number of Cr as 'x' then

sum of oxidation numbers of all the atoms within  = overall charge

                                                                a complex      on the complex

So, x + (+1) + 0 + (-1)  = +2

    x = +2        

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Answer:

Home

Home

Slower

Explanation:

A liquid starts changing its phase to gas when the two pressures become the same i.e., vapor and atmospheric.

At a higher altitude the atmospheric pressure lowers so little amount of heat is required for the vapor pressure of water to equalize with the atmospheric pressure at a higher altitude.

The pressure at the Rosa's home will be higher and lower in the campsite.

The boiling point will be higher at her home.

As the boiling point is lower in the campsite the water used in cooking noodles will evaporate faster this may lead to the noodles being under cooked. The water may evaporate before the noodles have cooked. So, the noodles will cook at a slower rate at the campsite and faster in her home.

A. The atmospheric pressure at Rosa's home is higher than her campsite.

B. The boiling point of water at Rosa's home is higher.

C. The noodles will be cooked faster at Rosa's home compared to at the campsite

A. The pressure has been the force that has been exerted by the molecules against each other, The higher altitude has lesser air molecules, which resulted in the lower pressure.

Since the pressure at 33 feet has been higher as than the pressure at 11,000 feet altitude, the atmospheric pressure at Rosa's home is higher than her campsite.

B. The boiling point has been the temperature at which liquids have been converted to gases. With the decrease in atmospheric pressure, there has been a lowering in the boiling point as well.

The atmospheric pressure at Rosa's home is higher compared to her campsite. Thus, the boiling point of water at Rosa's home is higher.

C. The lower atmospheric pressure at the campsite has been responsible for the lower boiling point of the temperature, This implies that water has converted to steam at lower temperatures. The lower temperature of water requires more time for the noodles to be cooked.

Thus, the noodles will be cooked faster at Rosa's home compared to at the campsite.

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Given, Manganese dioxide (MnO2) = 28gHydrochloric acid (HCl) = 42g

To find, Theoretical yield of Cl2, We will find the limiting reagent and use its mole to find the theoretical yield of Cl2.MnO2 + 4HCl → MnCl2 + 2H2O + Cl2First we will find the limiting reagent.

The number of moles of MnO2 is, Moles of MnO2 = Mass/Molar mass = 28/86.94 = 0.322 mol The number of moles of HCl is, Moles of HCl = Mass/Molar mass = 42/36.46 = 1.151 mole will use the mole ratio of MnO2 and HCl to find the mole of Cl2. The mole of HCl required to react with 0.322 mol of MnO2 = 0.322 x 4 = 1.288 mol The number of moles of Cl2 will be, Moles of Cl2 = 0.322 x 1 / 4 = 0.0805 mol. The theoretical yield of Cl2 from the given reactants is,

Theoretical yield of Cl2 = Moles x Molar mass = 0.0805 x 70.9 = 5.71 g Chlorine gas will be produced with a theoretical yield of 5.71 g when 28 g of MnO2 and 42 g of HCl are mixed.

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Answer:

limiting reagent is used to describe the substance that is totally consumed in a chemical reaction

The ideal gas law formula is used to determine the missing values in questions. When dealing with problems that require solving for missing values using the ideal gas law formula, always ensure that all values are expressed in the correct units and temperature is converted to kelvin.

The ideal gas law formula is represented as PV = nRT, where P represents pressure, V represents volume, n represents the number of moles of gas, T represents the temperature in kelvin, and R represents the universal gas constant. Solve for missing values using the ideal gas law formula:1. 10°C, 5. 5 L, 2 mol, __ atm.The temperature must be converted to kelvin first: T(K) = T(°C) + 273.15K = 10°C + 273.15 = 283.15KPV = nRT

Rearrange the equation to isolate P: P = nRT / V

Substitute the given values:

P = (2 mol)(0.0821 L•atm/mol•K)(283.15K) / 5.5 L

: P = 8.28 atm

2. __ °C, 8. 3 L, 5 mol, 1. 8 atm.The equation PV = nRT can be rearranged to T = PV / nRThe temperature must be converted to kelvin first: T(K) = T(°C) + 273.15T = PV / nR

Substitute the given values: T = (1.8 atm)(8.3 L) / (5 mol)(0.0821 L•atm/mol•K)T(K) = T +

: T = 332 K or 59°C

The temperature must be converted to kelvin first:

T(K) = T(°C) + 273.15K

= 12°C + 273.15

= 285.15

KPV = nRT

Solve for n by rearranging the equation: n = PV / RT

Substitute the given values: n = (1.2 atm)(3.4 L) / (0.0821 L•atm/mol•K)(285.15K): n = 0.141 mol

The ideal gas law formula is used to determine the missing values in questions. When dealing with problems that require solving for missing values using the ideal gas law formula, always ensure that all values are expressed in the correct units and temperature is converted to kelvin.

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The gas with the highest density among He, Cl2, CH4, and NH3 at 0°C and 1 atm pressure is Cl2 (B).

To determine the density of each gas, we can use the equation:
Density = (mass) / (volume)
Since all the flasks have the same volume (1.0 L) and are at the same temperature and pressure, we can compare their densities based on their molar masses. Here are the molar masses of the given gases:
- He: 4 g/mol
- Cl2: 70 g/mol (35 g/mol * 2, as Cl2 is diatomic)
- CH4: 16 g/mol (12 g/mol for C and 1 g/mol * 4 for H)
- NH3: 17 g/mol (14 g/mol for N and 1 g/mol * 3 for H)
As we can see, Cl2 has the highest molar mass, and consequently, the highest density among the given gases.
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Explanation:

The reaction between magnesium ribbon and dilute hydrochloric acid is a classic example of a single replacement reaction, which can be represented by the following chemical equation:

Mg (s) + 2HCl (aq) → MgCl2 (aq) + H2 (g)

In this reaction, magnesium (Mg) reacts with hydrochloric acid (HCl) to form magnesium chloride (MgCl2) and hydrogen gas (H2).

The rate of this reaction can be altered by changing the concentration of the hydrochloric acid. This is because the rate of a chemical reaction depends on the concentration of the reactants. Specifically, the rate of the reaction is proportional to the concentration of the reactants raised to some power, which is determined by the reaction's rate law.

In this reaction, the rate law can be expressed as:

Rate = k [Mg] [HCl]^x

Where k is the rate constant and x is the order of the reaction with respect to hydrochloric acid. The order of the reaction with respect to magnesium is one, since the concentration of magnesium does not change during the reaction.

When the concentration of hydrochloric acid is increased, the rate of the reaction increases because there are more hydrochloric acid molecules available to collide with magnesium atoms and react. This means that the value of x is greater than zero and the reaction is dependent on the concentration of hydrochloric acid.

Conversely, when the concentration of hydrochloric acid is decreased, the rate of the reaction decreases because there are fewer hydrochloric acid molecules available to react with magnesium. This means that the value of x is less than one and the reaction is not entirely dependent on the concentration of hydrochloric acid.

Answer:

I think it is option (b) river

The river flows is not driven by pressure differences.

Conclusively we can say that the river flows is not driven by pressure differences

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Answer:

in w

Explanation:

first blood enter renal artery which enter glomerous( where blood is filtrated) and then to Bowman carpusle(take the filtrated blood)

and then to proximal tubular(absorbed salt) and then to loop of hanle (y)(absorb water) and then to distal tubule then to ureter (z) and then to renal vein(x)(to go to urinary bladder)