In the Na+-K+pump, for every (a) sodium ions pumped outside of the neuron, only (b)_potassium ion are pumped in
(a) 3 Nat, 2 k
(b) 2 Nat.3K
(c) 2 Nat, 2K
(d) 3 Nat.3K
Answers
Answer:
a) for every 3 Na ions, it pumps 2 K ions
Related Questions
Can you think of any other fictional “monsters” that might have been inspired by real-world parasites? Describe that monster and its parasitic behavior.
Which of the parasite behaviors was most disturbing to you? Why?
Imagine you are designing a movie or video game monster based off the mind-controlling hairworms. Describe how you would translate this real-world creature into a fictional monster. You can use elements of the other parasites discussed in the article and chapter.
Answers
A creature that can control the behavior of its hosts using chemical signals, similar to the hairworms or parasitic wasps. In the movie or video game, this monster could be depicted as a small, insect-like creature that can infiltrate the bodies of its hosts and take over their minds, causing them to act in ways that benefit the parasite.
A monster that can manipulate the behavior of its hosts by altering their memories or thoughts, similar to the Toxoplasma gondii parasite. This creature could be depicted as a powerful, otherworldly being that can enter the minds of its victims and warp their perceptions of reality.
A monster that can alter the appearance of its hosts to better blend in with their surroundings, similar to the cuckoo bird. This creature could be depicted as a shape-shifting monster that can take on the form of its hosts, allowing it to infiltrate their social groups and take advantage of their resources.
As for which of these behaviors is most disturbing to me, I would say the ability to manipulate the thoughts and memories of a host is the most disturbing. It is unsettling to think about the possibility of someone or something being able to alter one's perceptions of reality and manipulate one's thoughts and memories.
If I were designing a movie or video game monster based on the mind-controlling hairworms, I would depict it as a large, writhing creature with long, slender tendrils that it can use to infiltrate the bodies of its hosts. The monster would be able to take over the minds of its hosts, causing them to act in ways that benefit the parasite. In order to escape its control, the player character would have to find and destroy the monster's vulnerable "nucleus," located deep within its body. The monster could also have the ability to manipulate the memories of its hosts, causing them to doubt their own perceptions and making it harder for them to resist the monster's influence.
why is it impossible to completely sterilize the human skin
Answers
It is impossible to completely sterilize the human skin due to the presence of natural microbiota. The skin is the largest organ in the human body, and it is covered by a diverse microbial community, which includes bacteria, fungi, and viruses. This community is collectively known as the skin microbiome.
The skin microbiome plays an essential role in maintaining skin health by protecting against pathogens, regulating immune function, and preventing infection. Attempts to completely sterilize the skin can disrupt this delicate balance and cause damage to the skin's barrier function.
Although it is impossible to completely sterilize the skin, good hygiene practices such as regular hand washing and avoiding sharing personal items can help reduce the risk of transmitting harmful microorganisms. Additionally, medical professionals use various antiseptic techniques to minimize the risk of infection during invasive procedures such as surgery.
Overall, the natural microbiota of the skin makes complete sterilization impossible, but proper hygiene practices can help minimize the risk of infection.
For more such questions on Microbiome.
https://brainly.com/question/30150230#
#SPJ11
Mutation of a brain cell can have consequences for future generations offspring true or false?
Answers
Answer:
True.
Explanation:
Because genetic mutations effect not only humans but animals too. Its how things evolve, like humans. So yes.
Which chemical mediators induce pain during an inflammatory response?
a. prostaglandins and bradykinin
b. leukotrienes and serotonin
c. tryptase and histamine
d. phospholipase and prostacyclin
Answers
Prostaglandins and bradykinin are chemical mediators that induce pain during an inflammatory response. The correct answer is option a.
Prostaglandins are lipid compounds derived from arachidonic acid and play a key role in promoting inflammation. They sensitize pain receptors, increasing their sensitivity to pain stimuli and amplifying the perception of pain.
Bradykinin, on the other hand, is a peptide released during tissue damage. It acts as a potent pain-inducing agent by directly stimulating pain receptors.
Both prostaglandins and bradykinin contribute to the inflammatory process by causing vasodilation, increasing vascular permeability, and promoting the recruitment of immune cells.
These chemical mediators play a crucial role in the signaling of pain during inflammation. The correct answer is option a.
To know more about chemical mediators, refer here:
https://brainly.com/question/12977915#
#SPJ11
The chemical mediators that induce pain during an inflammatory response are prostaglandins and bradykinin.
During an inflammatory response, the body releases various chemical mediators that contribute to the sensation of pain. Two important chemical mediators that induce pain are prostaglandins and bradykinin.
Prostaglandins are lipid compounds derived from arachidonic acid. They are synthesized by the enzyme cyclooxygenase (COX) and play a crucial role in inflammation. Prostaglandins are involved in the sensitization of pain receptors, leading to increased pain perception.
Bradykinin is a peptide that is released during tissue injury and inflammation. It acts on specific receptors, causing vasodilation, increased vascular permeability, and pain.
Both prostaglandins and bradykinin contribute to the inflammatory response and play a significant role in the induction of pain.
Learn more:About chemical mediators here:
https://brainly.com/question/12977915
#SPJ11
In diffusion, when the concetration of molecules is equal or even, this is called what? equality equilibrium unequality paralibrium
Answers
Answer: paralibrium
Explanation:
i have a question for science.
question: why are most cells so small?
( what keeps them from growing so large)
Answers
Answer:
Cells are small so that material can cross the cell membrane fast enough. When a cell grows too large it will divide into smaller cells so cell division keeps cells from growing too large.
Drag each tile to the correct box.
The specific heat of three substances in the image are given in the table.
stamped concrete - 0.75
grass-covered soil - 1.01
Water - 4.18
Place the areas in order based on how fast they’ll heat up on a sunny afternoon. Start with the fastest and end with the slowest.
PLEASE ANSWER QUICKLY I WILL GIVE BRAINLIEST!!
Answers
Answer:
Correct answer is A-C-B
Explanation:
Just took the test
The concrete has the lowest specific heat, so it requires very little heat to heat up, making it the fastest substance to heat up; the second is grass, and the third is water, which requires a high temperature to heat up, so A-C-B is the correct order.
What is the significance of the specific heat of the substances?Specific heat is explained as the amount of heat that is needed to raise the temperature by 1 degree, and here the water needs the highest temperature to raise the temperature by 1 degree as a result, even if the water gets a little bit more temperature, it will not be too hot right away.
Hence, the concrete has the lowest specific heat, so it requires very little heat to heat up, making it the fastest substance to heat up; the second is grass, and the third is water, which requires a high temperature to heat up, so A-C-B is the correct order.
Learn more about the specific heat of the substances here.
https://brainly.com/question/28400079
#SPJ2
what is soil erosion?
Answers
Categorize each characteristic of nucleotide synthesis as describing either de novo pathways or salvage pathways. De novo pathways Salvage pathways Answer Bank require less ATP reincorporate preformed bases into nucleotides assemble nucleotide bases from simple precursor compounds produce carbamoyl phosphate or 5-phosphoribosylamine
Answers
De novo pathways are assemble nucleotide bases from simple precursor compounds, produce carbamoyl phosphate or 5-phosphoribosylamine, and Salvage pathways are reincorporate preformed bases into nucleotides
A nucleotide is a molecule that contains a sugar molecule, a nitrogenous base, and one or more phosphate groups. Nucleotides are the building blocks of DNA and RNA, and they play a significant role in cellular metabolism. The de novo and salvage pathways are the two major pathways for nucleotide biosynthesis. De novo pathways synthesize nucleotides from simple precursor molecules, while salvage pathways reuse preformed nucleotide bases and attach them to ribose sugars. ATP is used extensively in de novo pathways, whereas salvage pathways require less ATP.
In addition, de novo pathways assemble nucleotide bases from simple precursor compounds, whereas salvage pathways reincorporate preformed bases into nucleotides.The pathway for de novo synthesis of pyrimidines begins with carbamoyl phosphate formation, whereas purines are synthesized from 5-phosphoribosylamine (PRA) in purine biosynthesis. Salvage pathways reincorporate preformed bases into nucleotides. This saves energy since the energy-intensive steps required for de novo synthesis are avoided.
Learn more about de novo pathways at:
https://brainly.com/question/28222577
#SPJ11
Which of the following best describes how species are defined under the General Lineage Concept?
A. An interbreeding population that is reproductively isolated from other populations
B. Groups of organisms that look the same, but live in different ranges
C. Independently evolving lineages
D. The product of genetic drift
Answers
The best description of how species are defined under the General Lineage Concept is that they are independently evolving lineages. This concept focuses on the evolutionary history of organisms and recognizes that species can evolve and diverge even if they do not interbreed.
The General Lineage Concept is a way of defining species based on independently evolving lineages. According to this concept, species are groups of organisms that have a common ancestor and share a lineage that has been evolving separately from other lineages.
Option C, "Independently evolving lineages," best describes how species are defined under the General Lineage Concept. This means that a species is a distinct evolutionary lineage that has its own unique characteristics and traits.
Unlike option A, which mentions interbreeding populations, the General Lineage Concept focuses on the evolutionary history of organisms rather than their ability to reproduce with each other. It recognizes that species can evolve and diverge even if they do not interbreed.
Option B, which mentions groups of organisms that look the same but live in different ranges, is not accurate according to the General Lineage Concept. Species can look different from each other and still belong to the same lineage, or they can look similar but belong to different lineages.
Option D, which mentions genetic drift, is not specific to the General Lineage Concept. Genetic drift is a random process that can affect the genetic makeup of populations, but it is not the sole factor in defining species under this concept.
In summary, the best description of how species are defined under the General Lineage Concept is that they are independently evolving lineages. This concept focuses on the evolutionary history of organisms and recognizes that species can evolve and diverge even if they do not interbreed.
Learn more about General Lineage Concept here:-
https://brainly.com/question/31117520
#SPJ11
Whale primary functions
Answers
The primary functions of whales include feeding, reproduction, communication, and migration.
Whales are primarily filter feeders or predators, depending on the species.
Filter-feeding whales, such as baleen whales, have baleen plates in their mouths that allow them to filter out small prey, such as krill or small fish, from large volumes of water.
Predatory whales, such as toothed whales, hunt and feed on various marine organisms, including fish, squid, and marine mammals.
Reproduction is another important function for whales. Most whale species have a gestation period of several months, with females giving birth to a single calf.
The calves are nursed with milk from their mothers and rely on their care for a period of time until they become independent.
Communication is vital for whales, as they rely on vocalizations to communicate with other members of their pod.
Whales produce a variety of sounds, including songs, clicks, and whistles, which serve purposes such as mating, social interactions, and navigation.
Migration is a common behavior observed in many whale species. Whales undertake long-distance migrations, often covering thousands of kilometers, to reach feeding grounds in nutrient-rich waters or to reproduce in specific breeding areas.
These migrations are driven by seasonal changes in food availability and environmental conditions.
In summary, the primary functions of whales encompass feeding, reproduction, communication, and migration, all of which are essential for their survival and successful adaptation to their marine environments.
For more such answers on whales
https://brainly.com/question/28623065
#SPJ8
study of anatomical structures which can be seen by unaided vision, such as the structure of the major body systems
Answers
Gross Anatomy is the study of anatomical structures which can be seen by unaided vision, such as the structure of the major body systems.
What is Gross Anatomy?
The study of anatomy at the macroscopic or visible level is known as gross anatomy. Histology, which focuses on microscopic anatomy, is the field's equivalent to gross anatomy. In order to better understand how different parts of an organism interact with one another and with other parts of the organism, gross anatomy studies the human body as well as the bodies of other species. Gross anatomy can be studied on dead creatures through dissection or on live ones through medical imaging. For the majority of health practitioners, training includes instruction in human gross anatomy.
Click on the link to learn more about gross anatomy:
https://brainly.com/question/15677005
#SPJ4
When filtering fluids, the type of filter called a(n) filter trap material within thick, porous filtration material such as cellulose fibers.
Answers
The type of filter that traps material within thick, porous filtration material such as cellulose fibers when filtering fluids is known as a depth filter.
A depth filter is a type of filter that operates by trapping particulate within the thickness of the porous filtration medium, unlike screen filters or sieve filters, which only eliminate particles that are greater than the screen or sieve size.
Depending on the filtration method, depth filters can be made from a variety of materials. The most common materials used to make depth filters are cellulose, diatomaceous earth, glass fibers, perlite, and polypropylene. The effectiveness of depth filtration is determined by a number of variables, including the thickness and density of the filtration medium, the size, shape, and concentration of particles being filtered, and the flow rate of the fluid being filtered.
Know more about depth filter here,
https://brainly.com/question/30711188
#SPJ11
The use of your senses to understand the world around you.
1 POINT
A
inference
B
conclusion
C
Observation
Answers
Answer:
Observation
Explanation:
Senses allow us to observe and understand the world around us. There are five main ways we can do this: through sight (with our eyes), touch (with our fingers), smell (with our nose), taste (with our tongue) and hearing (with our ears). There are five senses – sight, smell, touch, taste and hearing.
Use the acronym B.I.O.L.O.G.Y. to describe its importance.
Answers
Answer:
Study of living organisms is called Biology.
Explanation: B.I.O means life,
L.O.G.Y. means study
It is basically methodological study of life and living things which has been further divided into two:
Zoology: Study of Animals. Botany: Study of Plants.
4. What is the message in the poem at the beginning of this section
Answers
What does the formation of a dark precipitate in the kligler's test mean?
Answers
The formation of a dark precipitate in the Kligler's test indicates the presence of sulfur reduction by the bacteria which means that the bacteria have the ability to utilize sulfur-containing compounds as an energy source and reduce them to produce hydrogen sulfide gas.
The formation of a dark precipitate in the Kligler's test means that hydrogen sulfide (H2S) gas has been produced as a result of the bacterial fermentation of sulfur-containing compounds, such as sodium thiosulfate, in the Kligler's Iron Agar (KIA) medium.
This indicates the presence of H2S-producing bacteria in the tested sample.
The dark precipitate is a result of the reaction between the produced H2S gas and iron salts in the medium, which forms an insoluble black precipitate called ferrous sulfide (FeS).
Learn more about kligler's test here,
https://brainly.com/question/29235731
#SPJ11
which best describes the nucleus of an atom?
A. it is the most massive part of an atom
B. It contains no mass.
C. Its made of neutrons and electrons.
D. it is negatively charged part of the atom.
Answers
The nucleus of an atom describes option A. It is the most massive part of an atom.
The nucleus is the central part of an atom and is composed of protons and neutrons. Protons have a positive charge, while neutrons have no charge (they are neutral). Electrons, on the other hand, are negatively charged particles that orbit the nucleus in electron shells. The nucleus is incredibly small compared to the overall size of the atom, but it contains most of the atom's mass.
The protons and neutrons within the nucleus contribute to the mass of the atom, while the electrons have a negligible mass in comparison. The mass of an atom is determined by the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus. Protons and neutrons have roughly the same mass, and their combined mass gives the atom its atomic mass.
Electrons, though they have mass, contribute very little to the overall mass of the atom. The nucleus also plays a critical role in determining the chemical properties and behavior of an atom. The number of protons in the nucleus determines the atomic number, which defines the element and its unique properties. Therefore, the correct answer is option A.
know more about nucleus here:
https://brainly.com/question/141626
#SPJ8
TRUE or FALSE
1- Lambda transitions are exactly the same as other non determinism.
2- Non determinism only applies in the direction of the transition, just because an 'a' forces you to be in two states does not mean you cannot be in just one of the two alone via some other path.
3- If two states S1 and S2 both have lambda transitions to each other, they MUST be the same state.
Answers
1. The statement "Lambda transitions are exactly the same as other non determinism" is false because lambda transitions introduce additional choices
2. The statement "Non determinism only applies in the direction of the transition, just because an 'a' forces you to be in two states does not mean you cannot be in just one of the two alone via some other path" is false because non determinism affects overall paths.
3. The statement "If two states S1 and S2 both have lambda transitions to each other, they MUST be the same state" is false because lambda transitions allow non-equivalence.
1. Lambda transitions, also known as epsilon transitions, allow a state in a finite automaton to move to another state without consuming any input symbol. They provide additional flexibility and expressiveness to the automaton. Other non-deterministic transitions, on the other hand, are based on input symbols and determine the next state based on the current state and the input symbol.
2. Non-determinism in automata allows for multiple possible paths and states to coexist simultaneously. When an input symbol is encountered, the automaton can transition to multiple states at the same time, representing different possible outcomes. This means that even if an input symbol "a" forces the automaton to be in two states, it does not exclude the possibility of being in just one of the two states alone through some other path.
3. Lambda transitions can establish connections between different states in a finite automaton. If two states, S1 and S2, both have lambda transitions to each other, it means there is a circular dependency between them. However, this does not imply that S1 and S2 must be the same state. It is possible for distinct states to have lambda transitions that create a loop or cycle between them, allowing for non-trivial behavior within the automaton.
To learn more about transitions follow the link:
https://brainly.com/question/14274301
#SPJ4
. when photosynthesis happen....?
A.
Night
B.
All of day
C.
If there is light
D.
Every time
Answers
Answer:
C
Explanation:
If there is light, plants can preform photosynthesis from sunlight
Answer:
i think the answer should be C
Explanation:
Plants need light to photosynthesize, but it doesn't necessarily have to be sunlight. If the correct type of artificial light is used, photosynthesis can happen at night with lights that contain blue and red wavelengths.
View photo, help asap!
Answers
biotechnology can be seen from two perspectives
1. Traditional application of biotechnology
2. New application of biotechnology
so bacteria is used (traditionally) in food productions such as yogurt ( using the bacterias lactobacillus and streptococcus) and also Cheese.
Modern application: bacteria can be used in the production of biogas
hope this helps u!
What kind of mutation occurred in the DNA sequence below?
AGA – GGA – CCT original DNA sequence
AGA – GGG – ACC mutated DNA sequence
ANSWER CHOICES
-----
A -Nondisjunction
B - Substitution
C - Insertion
D - Deletion
Answers
Answer:
Substitution
Explanation:
Substitution is when one base replaced another which is what has happened here with A turning into G and T turning into a C.
Help Would Be Appreciated!!
Answers
Answer:
DNA- contains instruction how the cell functions
Nucleus- controls the activities of the cell
Cytoplasm- supports and protects the organelles in the cell
Explanation:
EGE 2021
I hope this helps
Nucleus controls the activities of the cell
Cytoplasm supports and protects the organelles in the cell
what is a DNA
what Dose DNA stand for
Answers
Answer:
it means DeoxyriboNucleic Acid
Answer:
Deoxyribonucleic acid
Deoxyribonucleic acid, more commonly known as DNA, is a complex molecule that contains all of the information necessary to build and maintain an organism. All living things have DNA within their cells. ... In other words, whenever organisms reproduce, a portion of their DNA is passed along to their offspring.
Explanation:
Hope It Help
In shorthorn cattle, color shows incomplete dominance. A red cow has the genotype RR. A white cow
has the genotype ww. Heterozygous cattle are called Roan (red and white spotted) (RW).
1. Cross a red bull with a roan cow. Show the Punnett Square:
% Red Cow
% Roan Cow
% White Cow
Answers
Answer:
red cow would be 50% and the same for a roan cow
Cross a Red Bull with a roan cow. The Punnett Square are
% Red Cow = 25% red
% Roan Cow = 50% roan
% White Cow = 25% white
What is a Punnett square?A Punnett square is a square with a block that is used to see and describe the offspring of the next generation. It contains both genotypes, dominant and recessive, and then there is a crossing over.
Given that, the red cow has genotype RR
A white cow has the genotype ww.
Heterozygous cattle are called Roan (red and white spotted) (RW).
When RR (red) is crossed with WW (white), it results in a roan color.
RR (red) x WW (white) = RW (roan)
Two roan individuals are then mated.
RW x RW
RR RW RW WW
Offspring
1/4 RR - Red
1/2 RW - Roan
1/4 WW - White
Hence, the offspring are expected to be 25% red, 50% roan, and 25% white.
To learn more about Punnett square, refer to the link:
https://brainly.com/question/9461890
#SPJ2
how does a DNA molecule determine the structures of specific protein
Answers
Answer: How does a DNA molecule determine the structure of a specific protein? The sequence of bases in the DNA molecule determines the sequence of amino acids in a protein. ... On the ribosome, the messenger RNA provides the code for the protein molecule that will form.
Explanation:
Why virus is not in any group (kingdom) of living things.
Please hurry answer this i need it.
Answers
Answer:
Viruses are not considered to be living organisms in the traditional sense, because they do not have the characteristics that are typically associated with living things. Viruses are much smaller and simpler than cells, and they do not have the ability to carry out many of the functions that are necessary for life, such as metabolism, growth, and reproduction.
Answer:
☞Virus are not belonged to any kingdom of living things because it display a living and non living characteristics. ☞ They show living characteristics when they are inside the host cell.But when they are out of the host cell ,they show non living characteristics (dormant state).Explanation:
please give me brainliest!!!
explain why the hybrid gene mrna transcript does not undergo 3' cleavage and polyadenylation.
Answers
The hybrid gene mRNA transcript does not undergo 3' cleavage and polyadenylation because of the potential effects of alternative splicing, premature termination, and altered gene structure that can result from the fusion of two separate genes.
The hybrid gene mRNA transcript does not undergo 3' cleavage and polyadenylation due to the following reasons:
1. Alternative splicing: Hybrid genes are formed through the fusion of two separate genes. This can lead to alternative splicing events that might eliminate the 3' cleavage site and polyadenylation signal, preventing the transcript from undergoing the usual 3' processing.
2. Premature termination: The fusion event may lead to premature termination of the transcript, resulting in the loss of the 3' cleavage site and polyadenylation signal, thereby preventing 3' cleavage and polyadenylation.
3. Altered gene structure: The fusion of two separate genes might disrupt the gene structure, specifically the 3' untranslated region (3' UTR) which contains the cleavage and polyadenylation signals. If these signals are disrupted or absent, the hybrid gene mRNA transcript will not undergo 3' cleavage and polyadenylation.
To know more about "Premature termination" refer here:
https://brainly.com/question/13751941#
#SPJ11
Consider how the image of a replicated chromosome below relates to DNA replication. Then, select the one true statement Identical sister chromatids Both chromatids consist entirely of daughter strands. Each chromatid has a daughter strand and a parental strand of DNA. Centromere One chromatid consists of newly replicated DNA, whereas the other chromatid consists of parental DNA. Replicated chromosome
Answers
The statement that is true for the image of a replicated chromosome with respect to DNA replication is that Each chromatid has a daughter strand and a parental strand of DNA.
How the image of a replicated chromosome below relates to DNA replication:DNA replication is the process of producing two identical copies of DNA from one original DNA molecule. In DNA replication, a single DNA molecule serves as a template for the synthesis of two new, complementary strands of DNA.
Each daughter strand is identical to the parental strand from which it was synthesized, and each new DNA molecule consists of one parental strand and one newly synthesized strand. DNA replication is necessary for cell division to occur, because each new cell must receive a complete set of genetic instructions in the form of DNA. When the process of DNA replication is complete, the cell has two complete sets of genetic instructions in the form of identical chromosomes.A replicated chromosome is shown below:Image of a replicated chromosome showing each chromatid has a daughter strand and a parental strand of DNA is given below:
Each chromatid has a daughter strand and a parental strand of DNA, and together they make up an identical pair of sister chromatids. These chromatids are held together at a region called the centromere, and they are separated during cell division to ensure that each new cell receives a complete set of genetic instructions. Thus, the true statement is "Each chromatid has a daughter strand and a parental strand of DNA".
to know more about chromosome visit :
https://brainly.com/question/30077641
#SPJ11
a type of protein that helps to speed up chemical reactions is known as