Indicate the relative strength (highest to lowest, regardless of direction) for each of the pressures that contribute to the net filtration rate. assume normal conditions

Answer:

a. 1

Explanation:

2Na + Cl2 ---> 2NaCl

Only one molecule of Cl2 is required to react.
Remember the concept, the little number, or the subscript represents the number of atoms in a molecule. The coefficient or the big number before a molecule represents the number of molecules. There is no coefficient in the reaction before Cl2 therefore only 1 molecule is needed to completely react with 2 atoms of sodium.

Answer:

19

Explanation:

10 + 9 protons plus neutrons

The majority of the energy released in citric acid cycle reactions is conserved in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP).

What is citric acid cycle?
The Krebs cycle, also referred to as the TCA cycle or the citric acid cycle (CAC), is a set of chemical reactions that releases stored energy by oxidising acetyl-CoA, which is inferred from carbohydrates, fats, as well as proteins. Organisms a certain respire (as compared to organisms a certain ferment) use the Krebs cycle to produce energy, either through anaerobic or aerobic respiration. The cycle additionally supplies the reducing agent NADH and precursors of a few amino acids that are needed in a variety of other reactions. It may have originated abiogenically and became one of the earliest elements of metabolism given its central role in many biochemical pathways.

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The Williamson ether synthesis is a method used to synthesize ethers by reacting an alkoxide ion with an alkyl halide. In this case, we have 2-naphthol and 1-bromobutane as the reactants.

To perform the Williamson ether synthesis between 2-naphthol and 1-bromobutane, we need a strong base. The strong base will deprotonate the 2-naphthol to form the alkoxide ion, which will then react with 1-bromobutane.

Here are the steps for the synthesis:

1. Dissolve 2-naphthol and 1-bromobutane in a solvent, such as an alcohol like ethanol.
2. Add a strong base, such as sodium hydroxide (NaOH), to the reaction mixture. The strong base will deprotonate the 2-naphthol, forming the alkoxide ion.
3. The alkoxide ion will then attack the electrophilic carbon atom in the 1-bromobutane molecule, leading to the formation of a new carbon-oxygen bond.
4. The bromide ion is displaced as a leaving group.
5. After the reaction, the product will be a naphthyl ether, which is formed by the combination of 2-naphthol and 1-bromobutane.

It's important to note that the reaction conditions, such as temperature and reaction time, can affect the yield and selectivity of the reaction. Additionally, the choice of solvent and base can also influence the outcome of the synthesis.

In summary, the Williamson ether synthesis between 2-naphthol and 1-bromobutane in strong base involves the deprotonation of 2-naphthol, followed by the nucleophilic attack of the alkoxide ion on 1-bromobutane, resulting in the formation of a naphthyl ether.

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The Williamson ether synthesis is a common method used to prepare ethers by reacting an alkoxide ion with an alkyl halide. In the case of the reaction between 2-naphthol and 1-bromobutane

in strong base, the general procedure would be as follows:

Set up a reaction flask equipped with a reflux condenser and a magnetic stir bar.

Add 2-naphthol (the nucleophile) and an appropriate base, such as sodium hydroxide (NaOH), to the reaction flask.

Dissolve 1-bromobutane (the electrophile) in an appropriate solvent, such as anhydrous ether or dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO).

Gradually add the dissolved 1-bromobutane to the reaction flask while stirring.

Heat the reaction mixture under reflux for a specific duration to facilitate the reaction.

After the reaction is complete, cool the mixture and transfer it to a separatory funnel.

Wash the organic layer with water to remove any impurities and extract the desired ether product.

Dry the organic layer using an appropriate drying agent, such as anhydrous sodium sulfate (Na2SO4).

Filter the dried organic layer to remove the drying agent and transfer it to a distillation apparatus.

Distill the ether product to obtain a pure sample.

The Williamson ether synthesis allows for the formation of a new ether bond between the oxygen of the 2-naphthol and the carbon of the 1-bromobutane, resulting in the synthesis of a naphthyl alkyl ether compound. The strong base, such as NaOH, helps in generating the alkoxide ion from the 2-naphthol, which then reacts with the electrophilic carbon of the 1-bromobutane to form the desired ether product.

Hence, Williamson synthesis reaction is explained above.

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The smaller the ions are, the higher the lattice energy is, and vice versa. Similarly, the greater the charges on the ions, the higher the lattice energy is. Magnesium oxide (MgO), barium oxide (BaO), cesium iodide (CsI), and lithium fluoride (LiF) are all ionic compounds.

The lattice energy of an ionic compound is the energy required to break down the entire crystal into gaseous ions. Lattice energy depends on several factors, including the charges on the ions, their relative sizes, and their arrangements in the crystal lattice. The ionic compound with the smallest lattice energy, or the least favorable lattice energy for a stable lattice, is the one with the smallest ions and the lowest charges.

As a result, lithium fluoride (LiF) has the smallest lattice energy among the given options. LiF has the smallest ions (Li+ and F-) and the lowest charges (+1 and -1), which implies that its lattice energy is the lowest among the given options. As a result, LiF has the least unfavorable lattice energy for a stable lattice. Thus, the right answer is LiF.

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No, the coefficients of a balanced chemical reaction are not used when calculating for the molar mass of a substance.

Molar mass is the mass of one mole of a substance and is usually expressed in grams per mole (g/mol). It can be calculated by summing the atomic masses of all the atoms in a molecule using the periodic table.

For example, the molar mass of water (H₂O) can be calculated as follows:

Molar mass of H₂O = (2 x atomic mass of H) + atomic mass of O

The atomic mass of H is 1.008 g/mol, and the atomic mass of O is 15.999 g/mol. Therefore:

Molar mass of H₂O = (2 x 1.008 g/mol) + 15.999 g/mol = 18.015 g/mol

Notice that the coefficients of the balanced chemical equation are not involved in this calculation. The molar mass of a substance is a physical property of that substance and is independent of the chemical reaction in which it participates.

However, the coefficients of a balanced chemical reaction are used when calculating the stoichiometry of a reaction, which involves determining the amounts of reactants and products involved in a chemical reaction.

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The atoms of various elements on the periodic table have different numbers of protons.

However, the atomic number of an element is equal to the number of protons it contains in the nucleus.

1. The mass number of an atom is equal to the number of protons plus the number of neutrons that it contains.

2. If an oxygen atom with 8 electrons, 8 protons, and 9 neutrons, this means that there are 8 protons in the nucleus, the atomic number is equal to the number of protons.

Therefore the atomic number for an element oxygen with 8 protons is 8.

3. The element in the periodic table with 7 protons, 7 neutrons, and 5 electrons is nitrogen

4. The atomic composition of carbon-14 reveals that carbon-14 contains 6 protons and 8 neutrons.

An atom can be defined as the smallest particle of an element which can take part in a chemical reaction.

So therefore, the atoms of elements on the periodic table of elements have different numbers of protons.

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Equation is balanced is ch4 o2 co2 h2o

What is Equation?

A mathematical statement known as an equation is made up of two expressions joined together by the equal sign. A formula would be 3x - 5 = 16, for instance. When this equation is solved, we discover that the value of the variable x is 7.

Put a two in front of H2O to balance the hydrogen atoms: CH4 + O2 CO2 + 2H2O. A 2 can be placed in front of the O2 on the left to balance the oxygen atoms: CH4 + 2O2 CO2 + 2H2O. Now the equation balances.

CO 2 (g) carbon dioxide + 2 H 2 O (g) water vapour = CH 4 (g) methane + 2 O 2 (g) oxygen gas.

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Option (c) is correct. The increasing order of the acidic strength is HBr O < HBr O2 < HBr O3 < HBr O4.

Acidic strength is defined as the the tendency of an acid symbolized by the chemical formula. The strength of a weak organic acid may depend on substituent effects. The acidic strength always increases with the number of oxygen atom. When the number of oxygen atom decreases the electron density can easily leave or act as more acidic in nature. The relative strength of an acid can be predicted on the basis of its chemical structure. The strength of a weak organic acid may depend on substituent effects. The strength of an acid depends on the oxidation state for the atom to which the proton may be attached. Acid strength is dependent on solvent . For an example, hydrogen chloride is a strong acid in aqueous solution. It is a weak acid when dissolved in glacial acetic acid.

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The complete question is,

Which correctly lists the acids in increasing order of strength?

a. HBrO4 < HBrO2 < HBrO3 < HBrO

b. HBrO3 < HBrO2 < HBrO4 < HBrO

c. HBrO < HBrO2 < HBrO3 < HBrO4

d. HBrO4 < HBrO3 < HBrO2 < HBrO

Nitrous oxide, also known as laughing gas, has an atmospheric lifetime of approximately 114 years.

This means that once it is released into the atmosphere, it can remain there for over a century before it is removed. Nitrous oxide is a potent greenhouse gas and contributes to global warming and climate change.

It is estimated that nitrous oxide is responsible for about 6% of the warming effect of long-lived greenhouse gases. In addition to its impact on climate, nitrous oxide also plays a role in the destruction of the ozone layer, which protects the Earth from harmful UV radiation.

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Answer:

Metallic bonding is the type of chemical bonding that occurs between atoms of metals. In a metallic bond, atoms share their electrons in a way that allows them to form a “sea” of free electrons. This electron sea is responsible for the unique physical and electrical properties of metals.

Explanation:

Answer:

B. allow for bonding metals to be stable.

Explanation:

edge 2022

Half-life is the time taken for the concentration of the substance to reduce by 50%. The original sample of strontium had a mass of 1.6 gms. Thus, option d is correct.

The half-life of any radioactive substance is the time period at which the concentration will get reduced to half the initial amount. The initial mass of Sr-90 is calculated as,

\(N(t) = N_{0} (\dfrac{1}{2})^{ \frac{t }{t 1/2}}\)

Given,

Quantity of the remaining substance N (t) = 0.40 gm

Initial radioactive substance quantity \(N_{0}\) =?

Time duration (t) = 56 years

Half-life = 28 years

Substituting values above:

\(\begin{aligned} 0.40 &= N_{0} (\dfrac{1}{2}) ^{{\frac{56}{28}}\\\\0.40 &= N_{0} (\dfrac{1}{2})^{2}\end{aligned}\)

= 1.6 gm

Therefore, option d. the initial mass of Sr is 1.6 gm.

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Answer:

particulates and gases

Explanation:

Explanation:

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Endothermic reactions are chemical reactions in which the reactants absorb heat energy from the surroundings to form products. These reactions lower the temperature of their surrounding area, thereby creating a cooling effect. Physical processes can be endothermic as well – Ice cubes absorb heat energy from their surroundings and melt to form liquid water (no chemical bonds are broken or formed).

When a chemical bond is broken, it is usually accompanied by a release of energy. Similarly, the formation of chemical bonds requires an input of energy. The energy supplied/released can be of various forms (such as heat, light, and electricity). Endothermic reactions generally involve the formation of chemical bonds through the absorption of heat from the surroundings. On the other hand, exothermic reactions involve the release of heat energy generated from bond-breakage.

Endothermic Reaction Examples

Ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3), an important component in instant cold packs, dissociates into the ammonium cation (NH4+) and the nitrate anion (NO3–) when dissolved in water

The noble gases have a full outer shell of valence electrons, making them stable and unreactive. They are colorless, odorless gases at room temperature and have very low boiling points. Their lack of reactivity makes them useful in a variety of applications, including lighting and welding.

The properties that are common to each of the following chemical families include:

(a) Alkali metals The alkali metals have a single valence electron in their outermost shell, which is easily lost to form an ion with a charge of +1. They are the most reactive metals, reacting with water and air to produce hydrogen gas and an oxide layer, respectively. They are silvery-white and have a soft texture.

(b) Alkaline earth metals The alkaline earth metals have two valence electrons in their outermost shell, which they readily lose to form ions with a charge of +2. They are less reactive than the alkali metals, but they still react with oxygen to form an oxide layer on their surface. They are also silvery-white in color and have a harder texture than the alkali metals.

(c) Halogens The halogens have seven valence electrons in their outermost shell, making them highly reactive nonmetals. They readily form ions with a charge of -1 by gaining an electron. They are diatomic molecules at room temperature and can be found in a variety of colors and states of matter.

(d) Noble gases The noble gases have a full outer shell of valence electrons, making them stable and unreactive. They are colorless, odorless gases at room temperature and have very low boiling points. Their lack of reactivity makes them useful in a variety of applications, including lighting and welding. These properties are common to each of the following chemical families.

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The molarity of the sodium chloride solution is 0.228 M.

To determine the molarity of a solution, you need to know the number of moles of solute (in this case, sodium chloride) and the volume of the solution in liters.

The molecular weight of sodium chloride (NaCl) is 58.44 g/mol (22.99 g/mol for Na and 35.45 g/mol for Cl)

The mass of NaCl in grams is given as 3.33 g

Number of moles = mass ÷ molecular weight = 3.33 g ÷ 58.44 g/mol = 0.057 moles

converting the volume from milliliters to liters:

250 mL = 0.25 L

Now we can calculate the molarity:

Molarity (M) = moles of solute ÷ liters of solution

M = 0.057 moles ÷ 0.25 L = 0.228 M

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Answer:

CaCO3 + 2HCl ---> CaCl2 + H2O + CO2

Explanation:

The reaction between solid calcium carbonate and a mineral acid such as aqueous HCl is a neutralization reaction and occurs with the evolution of CO2 gas.

The balanced equation is given below

CaCO3 + 2HCl ---> CaCl2 + H20 + CO2

The product CaCl2 is water soluble which accounts for why the stain is removed, while CO2 gas escapes away from the reaction surface.

Answer:

CaCO3(s) + 2HCl(aq) -------> CaCl2(aq) + 2CO2(g) + H2O(l)

Explanation:

CaCO3(s) + 2HCl(aq) -------> CaCl2(aq) + 2CO2(g) + H2O(l)

When an acid reacts with a metal carbonate a salt, carbon dioxide and water are formed. Hard water usually contain Ca^2+ in the form of Ca(HCO3)2. Minor heating causes CaCO3(calcium carbonate) to deposit on surfaces through which the hard water passes.

Calcium carbonate reacts with acids to produce a calcium salt, water and carbon dioxide: Calcium carbonate + Hydrochloric acid → Calcium chloride + Water + Carbon dioxide. The carbonate radical breaks up into carbon dioxide and oxygen; the oxygen binds with the acid's hydrogen ions to make water; and a solution of calcium chloride remains.

The subscript of the oxygen molecule in the equation 2Mg + O2 → 2MgO is 2.

This means that two oxygen molecules (O2) are involved in the reaction, and they combine with two magnesium atoms (2Mg) to form two magnesium oxide molecules (2MgO). The subscript "2" in front of MgO indicates that two MgO molecules are formed as a result of the reaction. The equation 2Mg + O2 → 2MgO represents a combustion reaction in which magnesium (Mg) reacts with oxygen (O2) to produce magnesium oxide (MgO). This is an example of an exothermic reaction, which releases energy in the form of heat and light.

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To determine which metal sample has the largest volume among the given options, we need to compare their densities. The sample with the lowest density will have the greatest volume for a given mass.

Let's calculate the volumes of the metal samples using the formula:

Volume = Mass / Density

1) For aluminum: Mass = 100 g, Density = 2.7 g/cm^3

Volume of aluminum = 100 g / 2.7 g/cm^3 = 37.04 cm^3

2) For gold: Mass = 100 g, Density = 19.3 g/cm^3

Volume of gold = 100 g / 19.3 g/cm^3 = 5.18 cm^3

3) For iron: Mass = 100 g, Density = 7.86 g/cm^3

Volume of iron = 100 g / 7.86 g/cm^3 = 12.72 cm^3

4) For magnesium: Mass = 100 g, Density = 1.74 g/cm^3

Volume of magnesium = 100 g / 1.74 g/cm^3 = 57.47 cm^3

5) For silver: Mass = 100 g, Density = 10.5 g/cm^3

Volume of silver = 100 g / 10.5 g/cm^3 = 9.52 cm^3

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Answer:

The reactants are listed on the left, and the products are listed on the right. They are separated by an arrow. The arrow can be read as yields, gives, or reacts to produce.

Answer:At higher elevations, there are fewer air molecules above a given surface than a similar surface at lower levels. ... Since more than half of the atmosphere's molecules are located below an altitude of 5.5 km, atmospheric pressure decreases roughly 50% (to around 500 mb) within the lowest 5.5 km.

Explanation:brainliest plz

Answer:

What is that?

Explanation:

Answer:20 atm

Explanation:

Answer:

The capillary tube was too close to the bottom of the beaker.

The ruler may have moved.

Water got into the capillary tube.

The temperature was not allowed to equilibrate in the 2-4 minutes.

Explanation:

Answer:

the pressure increased

It is needed 1498.25 g of SiO2.

- From the chemical equation, we know that to produce 40.10 g of SiC, it is needed 60.08 g of SiO2 and 36.033 g of C (because in the reaction there are 3 moles of C).

- Calculating we obtain that:

So, it is needed 1498.25 g of SiO2. This can be expressed as 1.50x10^3 g.

Answer:

to turn food into energy

your brain need a lot of oxygen

play an important role in your immune system

There are total three laws of newtons, first law of newtons, second law of newton and third law of newton. Therefore, for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.

Newton's first law is also called law of inertia. An object at rest remains at rest, and an object in motion remains in motion at constant speed and in a straight line unless acted on by an unbalanced force.

Third law of newton states  that for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.

Therefore, for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.

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Answer:

The third choice

Explanation:

The law of conservation of mass tells us that the mass of the reactants and products in a chemical reaction will be equal to one another. Equations follow the law of conservation of mass when they are balanced, which means that they have the same number and type of atoms on each side.

When individual atoms are counted, the third choice has the same number and type of atoms on each side: 1 gallium, three cesium and three fluorine.