many air fresheners are in solid form at normal atmospheric pressure and room temperature. however, they undergoes sublimation (changes from solid to gas phase) when heated to release fragrant scents, such as when they are plugged into an electrical outlet. according to the second law of thermodynamics, what must be true about entropy changes in this example?

The energy released when one mole of helium-4 is produced in the reaction H + H → He + H⁺ + n is approximately -3.598 × 10⁻¹² Joules per mole.

The reaction of producing one mole of helium-4 (He) from a hydrogen atom (H) and a hydrogen ion (H⁺) with the release of a neutron (n) can be represented as:

H + H → He + H⁺ + n

The energy released or absorbed in this reaction can be calculated using the mass defect method.

The mass of one mole of helium-4 (He) is approximately 4.0026 g/mol, and the mass of one mole of a hydrogen atom (H) and a hydrogen ion (H⁺) is approximately 1.0078 g/mol each. The mass of a neutron (n) is approximately 1.0087 g/mol.

Using these values, we can calculate the energy released or absorbed:

Mass of reactants = 2 × (1.0078 g/mol) = 2.0156 g/mol

Mass of products = 4.0026 g/mol + 1.0078 g/mol + 1.0087 g/mol = 6.0191 g/mol

Mass defect = Mass of reactants - Mass of products = 2.0156 g/mol - 6.0191 g/mol = -4.0035 g/mol

Energy released or absorbed (E) = Mass defect × (c²)

E = -4.0035 g/mol × (2.998 × 10⁸ m/s)²

E ≈ -3.598 × 10⁻¹² J/mol

learn more about mass defect here:

https://brainly.com/question/11624098

#SPJ4

Collectively, electrons, muons, and neutrinos are called leptons.

Learn more about lepton here:

https://brainly.com/question/4087041

#SPJ4

Answer:

c

Explanation:

Answer:

1) 433 (check screenshot)

2) 7.89

Answer:

A chemical reaction is the change in chemical form rather than physical due to an outside force. This can come from something as simple as a change in temerature to as large as a specific element or compound.

Yes, 10g of K₂SO₄ will completely dissolve in 100g of water at 50° Celsius.

The solubility of K₂SO₄ at 50 degrees Celsius is 17g per 100g of water. Since the amount of K₂SO₄ being dissolved (10g) is less than the solubility at this temperature (17g), it will completely dissolve.

To calculate solubility, you need to know the maximum amount of solute that can dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature. This is known as the solubility limit. Once you know this, you can use the following equation to calculate solubility:

  Solubility = (mass of solute) / (mass of solvent)

Learn more about solubility at https://brainly.com/question/23946616

#SPJ11

The main difference between an alkaline wave and a true acid wave lies in their pH levels and chemical compositions. An alkaline wave has a higher pH, typically around 9-11, and uses an alkaline chemical, such as ammonium thioglycolate, to break and reform the hair's disulfide bonds. In contrast, a true acid wave has a lower pH, typically around 4.5-7, and employs an acid-based chemical, like glyceryl monothioglycolate or cysteamine, to alter the hair's protein structure. These differences in pH and chemical composition determine the curling or straightening effects and the potential risks associated with each type of wave.

An alkaline wave, also known as a cold wave, has a higher pH compared to a true acid wave. It typically has a pH range of 9-11. Alkaline waves use an alkaline chemical, most commonly ammonium thioglycolate, to break the disulfide bonds in the hair's protein structure. The disulfide bonds are then reformed in the desired shape, resulting in the formation of curls or waves.

On the other hand, a true acid wave has a lower pH, usually ranging from 4.5-7. Acid waves use acid-based chemicals, such as glyceryl monothioglycolate or cysteamine, to alter the hair's protein structure. The acid chemicals work by softening the protein structure of the hair, allowing it to be reshaped into curls or waves.

The difference in pH and chemical composition between alkaline and acid waves affects their performance and potential risks. Alkaline waves tend to provide stronger curling effects but can be more damaging to the hair due to the higher pH and alkaline nature of the chemicals. Acid waves, with their lower pH, are generally considered milder and gentler on the hair, but they may not produce as strong or long-lasting curls as alkaline waves.

It's important to note that the choice between an alkaline wave and a true acid wave depends on various factors, including the desired outcome, hair type, and condition. Professional advice and proper application techniques are essential to achieve the desired results and minimize potential damage.

To learn more about Alkaline visit: brainly.com/question/11584594

#SPJ11

Answer:

Increasing the H+/H3O+ will decrease the pH, while increasing the OH- ions will increase the pH

Explanation:

so pH=-log(H), which means that the smaller H gets to 0, the more the pH rises. The larger the H+ gets, the smaller the pH
if H is 1, then pH is 0
if H is 0.1, then pH is 1
if H is 0.01, then pH is 2
and so on
if H is 0.00000000000001, then the pH is 14
When OH goes up, H goes down, so
if OH is 0.00000000000001, then the ph is 0
if OH is 0.0000000000001, then the pH is 1
and so on
If the OH is 1, then the pH is 14

Molar mass of cholesterol(C₂₇H₄₆O) is 386.6 g/mol.

Cholesterol is an essential chemical that allows our bodies to produce vitamin d but can contribute to the narrowing of the arteries (a condition called atherosclerosis) when present in excess. To find the molar mass, we simply have to add up molar mass of individual elements and multiply with the number of entity they are connected.

Molar mass of carbon = 12

Molar mass of Hydrogen = 1

Molar mass of Oxygen = 16

Hence, with that we can find that molar mass of cholesterol(C₂₇H₄₆O) is 386.6 g/mol.

Learn more about Molar mass:

brainly.com/question/12127540

#SPJ4

Answer:

9.8 m/s squared

Explanation:

The solubility of KCl at 60 °C in 100 g of water (H2O) can be determined using experimental data or by using a solubility table. The solubility of a substance refers to the maximum amount of that substance that can dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a particular temperature and pressure.

One possible way to determine the solubility of KCl at 60 °C in 100 g of water is to consult a solubility table, which lists the solubility of various substances in water at different temperatures. According to one such table, the solubility of KCl in water at 60 °C is approximately 47 g per 100 g of water.

This means that 100 g of water at 60 °C can dissolve up to 47 g of KCl before becoming saturated, i.e., no more KCl will dissolve in the water at this temperature.

It is important to note that the solubility of KCl (or any substance) in water can be affected by various factors, such as temperature, pressure, and the presence of other solutes. Therefore, the solubility value obtained from a solubility table is only an approximation and may not be accurate for all conditions.

For more details about solubility click here:

https://brainly.com/question/29661360#

#SPJ11

Answer:

A.an endothermic reaction

Answer:

A

Explanation:

Answer:

Normal force

Explanation:

normal force always perpendicularly points away from a surface

Normal force is the equal and opposite force for the Earth's force of gravity pulling down on the person as described by Newton's third law.

Force is defined as a cause which is capable of changing the motion of an object. It can cause an object which has mass to change it's velocity. It is also simply a push or a pull . It has both magnitude as well as direction.Hence, it is a vector quantity.

It has SI units of Newton and is represented by'F'.Newton's second law states that force which acts on an object is equal to momentum which changes with time. If mass of object is constant, acceleration is directly proportional to net force acting on an object.

The concepts which related to force are thrust and torque .Thrust increases the velocity of an object and torque produces change in rotational speed of an object.

Learn more about force,here:

https://brainly.com/question/5961485

#SPJ2

The electron transition that will absorb the photon of smallest frequency (ν) is n = 6 to n = 5, as it involves the smallest energy difference between the energy levels.

When an electron in an atom absorbs a photon, it moves to a higher energy level or orbital. The energy of the photon must match the energy difference between the initial and final energy levels. The frequency (ν) of the photon is directly proportional to its energy (E), and inversely proportional to its wavelength (λ). The electron transition that absorbs the photon of smallest frequency involves the smallest energy difference between the energy levels, which is n = 6 to n = 5. This means that the wavelength of the absorbed photon will be relatively longer compared to the other transitions listed. Understanding these electron transitions is important for many applications, such as spectroscopy, lasers, and quantum computing.

Learn more about electron transition here:

https://brainly.com/question/18156550

#SPJ11

Isotopes undergo radioactive decay because thermodynamics generally governs the situation. Every atom strives to have the greatest degree of stability. When the number of protons and neutrons in the atomic nucleus is out of balance, instability results in radioactive decay. In essence, the nucleus contains too much energy to keep all the nucleons together.

Radioactive decay a the spontaneous process through which an unstable atomic nucleus breaks into smaller, more stable fragments.

Three Types of Radioactive Decay:

Alpha Decay:

       When an alpha particle basically a helium nucleus with two protons and two neutrons is ejected, the parent's atomic number and mass number are reduced by two and four, respectively.

Beta Decay:

      A stream of electrons from the parent, known as beta particles, is released during beta decay, and a neutron in the nucleus is changed into a proton. The new nucleus has the same mass number, but an additional atomic number of one.

Gamma Decay:

        The atomic nucleus releases extra energy during gamma decay in the form of high-energy photons (electromagnetic radiation). The resultant nucleus takes on a more stable energy state while maintaining the same atomic number and mass number.

To know more about isotopes refer to:

https://brainly.com/question/16293329

Answer:

a

Explanation:

Jaleh's velocity for the entire trip is 0.4 m/s as It takes her 500 seconds to make the round trip. Path 1 = 400 m В B. A Path 2 = 200 m Path 3 = 300 m. Thus, option C is correct.

A particle's settling velocity known as the rate at which is travels through a still fluid. The specific gravity of the particles, their size, and their shape all have an impact on settling velocity.

A particle in still air will gravitationally settle and reach its terminal velocity fairly quickly. A particle's terminal velocity in a still fluid is referred to as the settling velocity (also known as the "sedimentation velocity").

Understanding variations in the hydraulic regime and interactions between sediment and fluid in the surf zone depends heavily on the particle settling velocity at the foreshore region. In contrast to sedimentation, which is the end product of the settling process, settling is the movement of suspended particles through the liquid.

Therefore, Thus, option C is correct.

Learn more about velocity on:

https://brainly.com/question/19979064

#SPJ2

The amount of the mass in grams that was lost from the fusion reaction is 5.56×10¯⁷ Kg

Energy is defined as the ability to work.

The mass can be obtained as follow

E = mc²

Divide both side by c²

m = E / c²

m = 5×10¹⁰ / 3×10⁸

m = 5.56×10¯⁷ Kg

Learn more about energy:

https://brainly.com/question/10703928

At 400 K, the free energy change (ΔG) for the reaction is 53.0 kcal. The total cost of producing 5,000 units is $50,250.

To find ΔG at 400 K using the Gibbs-Helmholtz equation, we need to substitute the given values of ΔH and ΔS into the equation.

ΔG = ΔH - TΔS

Given;

ΔH = 61.0 kcal

ΔS = 0.020 kcal/K

T = 400 K

Substituting these values into the equation;

ΔG = 61.0 kcal - (400 K)(0.020 kcal/K)

ΔG = 61.0 kcal - 8.0 kcal

ΔG = 53.0 kcal

Therefore, at 400 K, the free energy change (ΔG) for the reaction is 53.0 kcal.

To find the total cost of producing 5,000 units using the cost equation y = 10x + 250, we need to substitute x = 5,000 into the equation.

y = 10x + 250

Given;

x = 5,000

Substituting x = 5,000 into the equation:

y = 10(5,000) + 250

y = 50,000 + 250

y = 50,250

Therefore, the total cost of producing 5,000 units is $50,250.

To know more about free energy change here

https://brainly.com/question/32317964

#SPJ4

Answer:

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) is a type of endoplasmic reticulum consisting of tubular vesicles that lack ribosomes on the outer surface and is involved in the synthesis and storage of lipids. Rough ER has ribosomes on the outer surface. Smooth ER does have riboszomes on the outer surface.

Explanation:

The reaction of Fe²⁺  with phen produces the ferroin product, which is the desired result in this experiment. Therefore, it was a reasonable assumption that all of the Fe²⁺  would be used up in the reaction and end up in the ferroin product.

The reason for this is that ferroin is formed by the reaction between iron(II) ions and 1,10-phenanthroline.

This reaction is highly specific to Fe²⁺ ions, so it is unlikely that other metal ions would interfere with the formation of ferroin.

Therefore, it can be assumed that all of the Fe²⁺ ions present in the reaction would react with 1,10-phenanthroline to form ferroin.

This assumption is supported by the fact that the absorbance of ferroin is directly proportional to the concentration of Fe²⁺  ions in the solution.

This means that the amount of ferroin formed can be used to determine the concentration of Fe²⁺  ions in the original solution.

Learn more about ferroin here:

https://brainly.com/question/29584817

#SPJ11

The percent yield for this reaction is 50.8%.

First, we need to determine the moles of p-phenetidine used:

Moles of p-phenetidine = mass / molar mass

Moles of p-phenetidine = 6.48 g / 137.18 g/mol

Moles of p-phenetidine = 0.0472 mol

Since p-phenetidine is the limiting reagent, the moles of acetophenetidin produced should be equal to the moles of p-phenetidine used.

The theoretical yield of acetophenetidin can be calculated using the stoichiometry of the reaction:

Theoretical yield = Moles of p-phenetidine × (molar mass of acetophenetidin / molar mass of p-phenetidine)

Theoretical yield = 0.0472 mol × (179.22 g/mol / 137.18 g/mol)

Theoretical yield = 0.0616 mol

Now we can calculate the percent yield:

Percent yield = (actual yield / theoretical yield) × 100

Percent yield = (5.72 g / (0.0616 mol × 179.22 g/mol)) × 100

Percent yield = (5.72 g / 11.2512 g) × 100

Percent yield = 50.8%

Therefore, the percent yield for this reaction is 50.8%.

Learn more about  reaction here

https://brainly.com/question/16737295

#SPJ11

Chemical reactions that absorb energy overall are called endothermic. In endothermic reactions, more energy is absorbed when the bonds in the reactants are broken than is released when new bonds are formed in the products.

Photosynthesis is a example where plants absorb heat energy from sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen.

In the case of an endothermic reaction, the reactants are at a lower energy level compared to the products.  In other words, the products are less stable than the reactants.

For more information regarding endothermic reaction, visit:

https://brainly.com/question/1447631

#SPJ4

Chemical reactions are the reactions that occur between the reactant to produce the product. When the system uses energy then it is an endothermic reaction.

Endothermic reactions are the types of chemical reactions that absorb the heat and energy from the surrounding system to split the reactant to form the product.

The energy level of the reactants is less than that of the products and is more stable. The reactants require more energy to break their bonds for product formation.

Therefore, the endothermic reaction uses energy.

Learn more about endothermic reactions here:

https://brainly.com/question/7946255

#SPJ4

If the balloon is closed, then yes, both volume and pressure will increase when the gas inside is heated.

What is pressure?

Pressure is the force applied perpendicular to the surface of an object per unit area over which that force is distributed.

Various units are used to express pressure. Some of these are units of force divided by units of area. For example, the SI unit of pressure, Pascal (Pa), is 1 Newton per square meter (N/m2). Similarly, pounds force per square inch (psi, symbol lbf/in2) is the traditional unit of pressure in imperial and US systems. Pressure can also be expressed as standard atmospheric pressure. Atmospheric pressure (atm) is equal to this pressure and torr is defined as 1/760 of this. Manometric units such as centimeters of water, millimeters of mercury, and inches of mercury are used to express pressure as the height of a particular liquid column within a manometer.

If the balloon is closed, then yes, both volume and pressure will increase when the gas inside is heated.

To know more about Pressure, visit:

https://brainly.com/question/28012687

#SPJ4

Answer:

I think it is B

Explanation:

Both prokaryotes and eukaryotes have all of those things except for organelles, which only eukaryotes have (also prokaryotes are smaller not eukaryotes)

Answer:

A chemical bond formed when two atoms share two pairs of electrons is a double bond; it is best described as a covalent bond.

Explanation:

A chemical bond in which two pairs of electrons are shared has to be defined as covalent since ionic bonds don't involve electron sharing. They consist only of electrostatic attraction between ions.

The period, group, and valence electrons block of the given element with the electronic configuration [Ne] 3s² 3p5 is Period 3, Group 7, p-block.

The periods in the periodic table are the horizontal rows found in the periodic table.

There are 7 periods in the Periodic Table.

Elements in the same period have the same number of electron shells.

The groups in the periodic table are the vertical columns found in the periodic table.

There are 18 periods in the Periodic Table.

Elements in the same group have the same number of valence electrons.

The electronic configuration of atoms can be used to identify the group and period each element belongs to.

Learn more about Periodic Table at: https://brainly.com/question/1173237

#SPJ1