On a pool of water (n = 1.5) there is a thin layer of oil (n =
1.2). Where does a phase difference occur?
a) only at the first transition
b) only at the second transition
c) at both transitions
d) no
Answers
The phase difference occurs at both transitions.
When light passes from one medium to another with a different refractive index, it undergoes a change in speed and direction, resulting in the phenomenon known as refraction. In this case, light travels from water (n = 1.5) to oil (n = 1.2), and then from oil to air (or vice versa).
At the first transition, when light passes from water to oil, there will be a phase difference. This is because the speed of light changes as it enters the oil, causing the wavefronts to bend and the phase of the wave to shift.
At the second transition, when light passes from oil to air, there will also be a phase difference. Again, the change in speed and direction of light as it enters the air causes the wavefronts to bend and the phase of the wave to shift.
Therefore, the correct answer is c) at both transitions
A phase difference occur: A phase difference occurs at both transitions. The correct option is c.
When light travels from one medium to another with a different refractive index, a phase difference occurs. In this case, the light travels from the pool of water (n = 1.5) to the layer of oil (n = 1.2), and then from the oil back to the water. At each transition, there is a change in the refractive index, causing the light waves to undergo a phase shift.
The phase shift is determined by the difference in the optical path length traveled by the light in the two media. Since the refractive index of oil is lower than that of water, the light waves experience a shorter optical path length in the oil compared to the water. This leads to a phase difference when the light waves pass through the interface between the water and oil, as well as when they pass back from the oil to the water.
Therefore, at both transitions, there will be a phase difference between the light waves due to the difference in refractive indices. The correct option is c.
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Complete question:
On a pool of water (n = 1.5) there is a thin layer of oil (n = 1.2). Where does a phase difference occur?
a) only at the first transition
b) only at the second transition
c) at both transitions
d) no phase difference
Related Questions
Light waves are electromagnetic waves that travel at 3.00 x 10^8 m/s. The eye is most sensitive to light having a wavelength of 5.50 x 10^-7 m.
a. Find the frequency of this light wave.
b. Find its period.
Answers
Answer:
a. Frequency is 5.45 x 10^14 hz
b. The period = 1.8 x 10^-15 sec {or 1.8 femptoseconds]
Explanation:
The velocity of an electromagnetic wave is given by the product of the wave's frequency(f) times its wavelength(λ).
V = λ f where,
V is the wave speed,
f is the wave frequency,
λ is the wavelength.
To find frequency, rearrange to:
f = V/ λ
Light travels at 3.00x10^8 m/sec.
λ is 5.50 x 10^-7 m
f = (3.00x10^8 m/sec)/(5.50 x 10^-7 m) meters cancels, secs is on the bottom]
f = (3.00/5.50)*(10^15) [The base 10 exponent on the bottom ius subtracted from the one on top: 98-(-7)) = 15)
f = 0.545 x 10^15 1/s or hz
f = 5.45 x 10^14 hz
b. The period of a wave is the inverse of it's frequesncy. It is the time it takes for 1 wave to pass. Invert the frequency:
Period = 1/f
Period = 1/(0.545 x 10^15 1/s)
Period = 1.8 x 10^-15 sec {or 1.8 femptoseconds]
How much time would it take a train locomotive running at 6000 Horsepower to use the
132,000,000 Joules of energy in a gallon of diesel fuel?(1 Hp = 746 Watts)
Answers
Answer:
at least a day
Explanation:
Because when you have 6000 horsepower and 132000000 joules of energy it will take a little bit of time.
It would also be easier if you had the miles per hour
What is the gravitational force on a mass m located at radius r inside a planet with radius R, mass M, and uniform mass density
Answers
The gravitational force on a mass m located at radius r inside a planet with radius R, mass M, and uniform mass density can be calculated using the following equatioN.
Where F is the gravitational force, m is the mass of the object, R is the radius of the planet, M is the mass of the planet, r is the distance between the object and the center of the planet, G is the gravitational constant, and π is the constant pi.
The formula is applicable for uniform mass density, meaning the density of the planet is the same at all points. If the density varies throughout the planet, then the equation would have to be modified accordingly.Where F is the gravitational force, m is the mass of the object, R is the radius of the planet, M is the mass of the planet, r is the distance between the object and the center of the planet, G is the gravitational constant, and π is the constant pi.
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14) How does the distribution of speeds of atoms affect the distribution of (occupied) atomic orbitals? Explain how the temperature of a gas indicates the fraction of atoms in a particular excited state.
Answers
The temperature of gas indicates the fraction of atoms in a particular excited state because, as the temperature increases, the number of atoms in higher energy states also increases.
The distribution of the speeds of atoms in a gas is related to the temperature of the gas. As temperature increases, the average speed of atoms also increases, which leads to a higher kinetic energy for these atoms. The increased kinetic energy means that atoms have a higher probability of colliding with each other with enough energy to cause excitations or transitions to higher-energy orbitals.
The distribution of occupied atomic orbitals is determined by the distribution of atom speeds in the gas. At lower temperatures, a larger fraction of atoms will have lower speeds and, hence, will mostly occupy lower energy orbitals, or the ground state. As the temperature increases, more atoms will have higher speeds and enough energy to be excited by higher-energy orbitals.
The distribution of atom speeds affects the distribution of occupied atomic orbitals because at higher speeds, atoms have more kinetic energy, which leads to higher energy states and a greater likelihood of occupying higher energy orbitals. Conversely, at lower speeds, atoms have less kinetic energy, which leads to lower energy states and a greater likelihood of occupying lower energy orbitals.
Temperature is directly related to the average kinetic energy of atoms in a gas. As temperature increases, the average kinetic energy of atoms also increases, resulting in a greater fraction of atoms occupying higher energy states. This means that at higher temperatures, more atoms will be in excited states and fewer in ground states.
The temperature of a gas can provide information about the fraction of atoms in a particular excited state through the Boltzmann distribution. The Boltzmann distribution describes the probability of a particle occupying a specific energy level relative to the total number of particles. According to this distribution, the probability of an atom occupying an excited state is proportional to the Boltzmann factor, which is given by:
P (excited state) = (1/Z) * e (-E/kT)
Here, Z is the partition function, E is the energy of the excited state, k is the Boltzmann constant, and T is the temperature in Kelvin. As the temperature increases, the Boltzmann factor becomes larger, indicating that more atoms will occupy the excited state.
In summary, the distribution of atom speeds affects the distribution of occupied atomic orbitals by influencing the probability of atoms being excited to higher energy levels. The temperature of a gas can indicate the fraction of atoms in a particular excited state through the Boltzmann distribution.
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If the velocity of a moving object decreases from 60 m/s to 30 m/s, what happens to its momentum? (2 points) Group of answer choices It is reduced by half It doubles It stays the same It quadruples
Answers
Answer:
it is decreased by 1/2
Explanation:
The velocity of the moving object is reduced by half decreasing speed is also decreasing the momentum of a certain object.
Answer:
-1/2
Explanation:
what is initial velocity?
Answers
Answer:
Initial velocity is the velocity at time interval=0 and it is represented by u.lt is the velocity at which the motion starts. they are four initial velocity formulas:(1) if time, acceleration and final velocity are provided,the initial velocity is articulated as.
Here's your answerl hope it's helpful for you.....
How are temperature and molecular motion related?
Answers
Answer:
temperature is essentially the speed of the molecules.
Explanation:
temperature is the kinetic energy of molecules, and kinetic energy is dependent on velocity.
3. What is the acceleration of a car at rest that stays at rest over 10 seconds?
a. 0.0 m/s2
b. 10 mph/s
C.-10 mph/s
d. 10 m/s2
e. Not enough data is given.
Answers
Answer:
a.
Explanation:
Use accleration formula,
\(a = \frac{v _{f} - v _{i}}{t} \)
The initial velocity and final velocity is at zero. and t=10
So we got
\( \frac{0}{10} = 0\)
so
\(a = 0\)
a is the answer
A component is sand casted in pure aluminum. The level of the metal inside a pouring basin is 215 mm above the level of the metal in the mould. For a viscosity value of 0.0017 Ns/m² and a circular runner with a diameter of 11 mm, calculate: 2.1 The velocity and rate of flow of the metal into the mould. (7) (2) 2.2 What effect does turbulent flow in a gating system have on the casting? 2.3 Which measures can be implemented to reduce turbulent flow? (3)
Answers
1) Calculation of velocity and flow rate of metal into the mold for a sand-casted component in pure aluminum. The velocity and rate of flow of the metal into the mold are 0.601 m/s and 5.71 × 10⁻⁵ m³/s, respectively. Given:
Height of pouring basin = 215 mm
Viscosity value = 0.0017 Ns/m²
Diameter of circular runner = 11 mm
To calculate the velocity of the metal into the mold, the formula is:
v = (√(2gh))/C
Where:
v = velocity of the metal into the mold
g = acceleration due to gravity
h = height of pouring basin
C = a constant value of 0.8 (considering the circular runner)
Substituting the given values:
v = (√(2 × 9.81 × 0.215))/0.8
v = 0.601 m/s
Now, to calculate the rate of flow of metal into the mold, the formula is:
Q = Av
Where:
Q = rate of flow of metal into the mold
A = area of the circular runner
v = velocity of the metal into the mold
Substituting the given values:
A = πr² = (π × (11/2)²) = 95.03 mm²
A = 95.03 × 10⁻⁶ m²
Q = Av = 0.601 × 95.03 × 10⁻⁶
Q = 5.71 × 10⁻⁵ m³/s
2.2) Effect of turbulent flow in a gating system on the casting:
Turbulent flow in a gating system has the following effects on the casting:
- It results in turbulence, which creates uneven filling of the mold and causes porosity and other casting defects.
- In a gating system, turbulent flow increases the resistance to flow, which makes it difficult to fill the mold completely.
- Turbulence also leads to erosion of the gating system components, which in turn leads to contamination of the metal.
2.3) Measures that can be implemented to reduce turbulent flow in a gating system:
The following measures can be implemented to reduce turbulent flow in a gating system:
- Increasing the size of the gate and the sprue.
- Reducing the number of sharp corners in the gating system.
- Reducing the velocity of the metal as it enters the mold, which can be done by making the gating system longer and narrower or by adding a choke to the gating system.
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Temperature measures the ________ kinetic energy of the atoms in a substance.
Answers
Temperature measures the average kinetic energy of the atoms in a substance.
Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles (atoms or molecules) within a substance. Kinetic energy is the energy associated with the motion of particles. As temperature increases, the particles move faster, resulting in an increase in their kinetic energy. Conversely, a decrease in temperature causes the particles to slow down, reducing their kinetic energy. The kinetic energy of individual particles may vary, but temperature provides an indication of the average kinetic energy across the substance. Therefore, temperature serves as a useful metric for comparing the thermal energy content or "hotness" of different substances.
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Someone is standing on a trampoline. They have a mass of 65kg and each of their feet a 25cm x 10cm, what is the pressure exerted by both on the trampoline?
Answers
The pressure exerted by both on the trampoline is 25,480 N/m².
What is the pressure exerted?The pressure exerted by both on the trampoline is the force per unit area which is calculated as follows;
P = F/A
where;
F is the force applied by their weight A is the area of their feetP is the pressure exertedSubstitute the given parameters and solve for the pressure exerted.
P = (mg)/A
A = 0.25 m x 0.1 m
A = 0.025 m²
P = (65 x 9.8) / (0.025)
P = 25,480 N/m²
Thus, the pressure exerted at any given surface depends on the applied force and the area of the given surface.
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Explain the relationship between temperature, density, and states of
matter
Answers
Answer:
Higher temperature makes an object less dense 2. Density governs the state of matter for the object, hence as water becomes less and less dense, it becomes gas (water vapour) 3. Higher temperature makes an object has more pressure, hotter gas has higher pressure.
Explanation:
Relation Between Density and Temperature Temperature is the measure of heat. Density is the measure of how closely any given entity is packed or it is the ratio of the mass of the entity to its volume.
I hope this works
A skater holds her arms outstretched as she spins at 120 rpm. Part A What is the speed of her hands if they are 140 cm apart? Express your answer with the appropriate units
Answers
According to the question the speed of the skater's hands is 528 m/min.
To calculate the speed of the skater's hands, we can use the formula:
Speed = Circumference * Revolutions per minute
Given that the skater's hands are 140 cm apart and she spins at 120 rpm, we need to calculate the circumference of the circle formed by her hands.
The circumference of a circle is given by the formula:
Circumference = 2 * π * radius.
In this case, the radius is half the distance between the skater's hands, which is 140 cm / 2 = 70 cm.
Converting the radius to meters, we have 70 cm = 0.7 m.
Now we can calculate the circumference:
Circumference = 2 * π * 0.7 m = 4.4 m (rounded to one decimal place).
Finally, we can calculate the speed of the skater's hands:
Speed = Circumference * Revolutions per minute
= 4.4 m * 120 rpm
= 528 m/min.
Therefore, the speed of the skater's hands is 528 m/min.
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A balloon is rubbed against a sweater. Which of the following describes the result of this interaction?(1 point)
The outer shell electrons move from the balloon to the sweater.
The fibers of the sweater lose electrons.
The balloon becomes positively charged.
The free electrons in the balloon decreases.
Answers
Fibers of the sweater lose electrons because electrons are leave it.
One of the ways of charging a body is by friction. Charges are transferred from one body to another when an object is rubbed against another. This is charging by friction.
A sweater has negative charges hence when the balloon is rubbed against the sweater, fibers of the sweater lose electrons because electrons are leave it.
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Directions: identify the input work and output work in the different situations.
1. A cyclist is pedaling on his bicycle.
2. You exert force to move a rake.
3. You sweep the dry leaves in your garden using bamboo.
4. Lifting a handless wheelbarrow.
5. Ben lifts the 50 kgs weight of barbel.
Answers
Answer:
it would have to be 1 or maybe 2
I have a 3 cc piece of aluminum with a density of steel with a mass of 24.0 g. I cut it into 2 equal pieces. How has the density of the steel pieces changed
Answers
Answer:
What happens to the density of an object if the object is cut in half? ... The density remains the same because cutting the object in half will divide the mass & volume by the same amount. Also, the density of a substance remains the same no matter what size it is.
Explanation:
What happens to the density of an object if the object is cut in half? ... The density remains the same because cutting the object in half will divide the mass & volume by the same amount. Also, the density of a substance remains the same no matter what size it is.
what is the minimum wavelength of light absorbed by germanium which has a band gap energy of 0.67 ev? provide a numerical answer in micrometers.
Answers
The minimum wavelength of light absorbed by germanium with a band gap energy of 0.67 eV is approximately 1.234 μm (micrometers).
To calculate the minimum wavelength of light absorbed by germanium which has a band gap energy of 0.67 ev, we can use the relationship between energy and wavelength given by Planck's equation:
E = hc / λ
where E is the energy of a photon, h is Planck's constant (approximately 6.626 × 10^(-34) J·s), c is the speed of light in a vacuum (approximately 3.00 × 10^8 m/s), and λ is the wavelength of light.
The band gap energy (Eg) of germanium is given as 0.67 eV.
We need to convert the electronvolts (eV) to joules (J) before proceeding with the calculation.
1 eV = 1.602 × 10^(-19) J
- Band gap energy of germanium (Eg) = 0.67 eV = 0.67 × 1.602 × 10^(-19) J
Now, rearranging the equation to solve for wavelength (λ):
λ = hc / E
Substituting the values:
λ = (6.626 × 10^(-34) J·s * 3.00 × 10^8 m/s) / (0.67 × 1.602 × 10^(-19) J)
Calculating the numerical value:
λ ≈ 1.234 μm
Therefore, the minimum wavelength of light absorbed by germanium with a band gap energy of 0.67 eV is approximately 1.234 μm (micrometers).
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What is the angular acceleration of a ball that starts at rest and increases its angular velocity uniformly to 5 rad/s
Answers
Answer:
no se English plis
Explanatique
que si aumente la rad/s en el angular. de su velocity
The acceleration due to gravity on the moon is 1.6 2. If an astronaut weighs 96 N on
the moon, what is the astronaut's mass on Earth? (2 points)
Answers
Answer:
60kg
Explanation:
F= ma
96 = m ×1.6
m= 96/1.6
=60 kg
Which statement is incorrect about scientific laws?
Laws are statements of what MIGHT happen in a situation.
Laws represent the cornerstone of scientific discovery.
Laws describe a definite pattern in nature.
Laws can be expressed in terms of a single mathematical equation.
Answers
The statement that is incorrect about scientific laws is "Laws describe a definite pattern in nature".
Scientific laws are statements, which predicts or describes a range of phenomena. A scientific law id described based on repeated experiments and observations.
As the definition describes, law predicts what might happen in a situation. So statement 1 is correct. If a law is not applicable, then the knowledge based on that law will collapse. So statement 2 is correct. Laws are descriptions of science that is made clear using mathematical equations. So statement 3 is correct.
Therefore, "Laws describe a definite pattern in nature" is an incorrect statement.
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how is charged particles related to electric current, electric circuits, and resistance
Answers
Charged particles are fundamental to the behavior of electric currents, electric circuits, and resistance. An electric current is the flow of charged particles, typically electrons, through a conductor.
The flow of charged particles generates an electric field that induces a potential difference, or voltage, across the conductor.Electric circuits are constructed by connecting conductors and electrical components, such as resistors, capacitors, and inductors, in a specific configuration. The arrangement of the components determines how the current flows through the circuit.
The flow of current through the circuit depends on the resistance offered by the components in the circuit and the potential difference across the circuit.Resistance is the property of a conductor that opposes the flow of current. The resistance of a conductor is proportional to the number of charged particles in the conductor, the length of the conductor, and the cross-sectional area of the conductor. The resistance can also be affected by the temperature of the conductor and its material properties.
In summary, charged particles are responsible for generating electric currents that flow through electrical circuits. The behavior of the currents is determined by the arrangement of the components in the circuit and the resistance offered by the conductors and components. Resistance is a fundamental property of a conductor that opposes the flow of charged particles and can be affected by various factors.
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Consider three widely separated galaxies in an expanding universe. Imagine that you are located in galaxy 1 and observe that both galaxies 2 and 3 are moving away from you. If you asked an observer in galaxy 3 to describe how galaxy 2 appears to move, what would he or she say?
Answers
Answer:
The observer will say that galaxy 2 is moving away from galaxy 3 where he stands.
Explanation:
Since the galaxies are expanding, each one would move away from the others. Observers on all three galaxies have their frame of reference fixed on their own galaxies. Judging from their own galaxies, each observer will perceive the other galaxies moving away from his/or galaxy.
The observer at galaxy 3 will talk about galaxy 2 by doing is; he will say that galaxy 2 is moving far from him.
We are told that the universe is expanding and as such, the galaxies would be expanding and moving away from each other.
Since the galaxies are expanding, it means that they will be moving away from each other.
From time dilation principle, an observer at galaxy 3 will say that galaxy 2 is moving far from him.
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The _________ system produces electrical power while the engine is running to operate all the electrical components and recharge the battery
Answers
Answer:
kinetic energy and potential and electrical energy
Explanation:
it will be need to maintain the motion of the vehicle and produce electrical energy
You were in a tog-o-war contest which your team won. Write a letter to your friend that tells why your team won the contest. Remember to include unbalanced forces and net force.
Answers
Answer:
Imagine a tug-of-war between you and one
friend. If you are stronger, you apply more
force to the rope. You pull your friend across
the line, and you are the winner! If your friend
is stronger, he might pull you across the line.
Sometimes the forces are equal. Neither you
nor your friend moves across the line. The two
forces are balanced.
3
We say that the net force on an object is the combination of all the forces acting on it. To find the net force of
forces that are acting in the same direction, add them together. For example, if you pull on a box with a force of 25
newtons (N) while your friend pushes the box (in the same direction you are pulling) with a force of 30 N, the net
force applied to the box in that direction is 55 newtons.
4
To find the net force of forces that are acting in opposite directions, subtract the smaller force from the larger
one. If you are pulling on a tug-of-war rope with a force of 40 N, and your friend is pulling with a force of 35 N in
the opposite direction, the net force on the rope is 5 newtons in your direction. You win!
Explanation:
My team won the thug of war contest because we exerted a greater net force than the opponent team.
The letter requested is an informal letter. The letter opens with a heading which contains the writers' address and date.
Universal Model School,
90 Aba Owerri Road,
Aba.
October 22, 2021.
Next is the salutation, for example;
Dear Chris,
Next is the body of the letter, you can begin the first paragraph by asking after his welfare and that of his family and studies.
In the second paragraph, you can let him know that the reason for motion is the action of unbalanced forces. In the thug of war game, each side exerts a force. The team that wins is the team that exerts a greater net force causing the cord to move towards their own side.
The conclusion should have such words as;
Yours Truly,
Your name
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what wavelength of light has a frequency of 1.8 x 1013 s-1? what is the energy of one photon of that light?
Answers
The energy of one photon of the light is 1.19 x \(10^{-11}\) J.
What is Planck's equation?
According to this, electromagnetic radiation from heated bodies emits in discrete energy units or quanta, the size of which depends on a fundamental physical constant (Planck's constant).
We know that,
E = hν
Where,
E = Energy
h = Planck's constant
ν = Frequency
Note: Planck's constant has value of 6.63 × \(10^{-3}\)\(\frac{J}{s}\)
Putting values in the given formula
E = 6.63 × \(10^{-3}\) \(\frac{J}{s}\) × 1.8 × \(10^{13}\) \(s^{-1}\)
E = 1.19 x \(10^{-11}\) J.
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4. A force of 185.6 N is being applied to a square of side length 3 m. Work out the
pressure on the square to 3 significant figures.
Answers
Answer:
\(p = f \div a\)
\(p = \frac{185.6}{ {3}^{2} } = \frac{185.6}{9} = 20.6pa\)
A Lockheed F-117 Nighthawk stealth bomber starts at rest at the south end of a runway and undergoes a uniform acceleration of 17.98 m/s2 to the north. it takes the plane 7s to reach a velocity of 60.16 m/s to the north. How far does the plane travel along the runway
Answers
Answer:
x = 100.64 [m]
Explanation:
To solve this problem we must use the following kinematics equation.
\(v_{f} = v_{i} + (a*t)\\\)
\(v_{f} ^{2} = v_{i} ^{2} + (2*a*x)\\\)
where:
Vi = initial velocity [m/s]
Vf = final velocity = 60.16 [m/s]
a = acceleration = 17.98 [m/s^2]
t = time = 7 [s]
Now replacing the values, we have:
(60.16)^2 = 0 + (2*17.98*x)
x = 100.64 [m]
The density of iron is 14.0 g/cm³. A worker in a science lab calculates the density of iron as 4.5
g/cm³. What is the percent error of the worker's measurement?
Answers
Answer:
Percent Error = 67.86%
Explanation:
The percent error can be calculated using the following equation:
| measured value - true value |
Percent Error = ------------------------------------------------- x 100%
true value
In this equation,
---> The "measured value" is the value found after performing an experiment.
---> The "true value" is the value you expect to find after performing an experiment.
In this case,
---> measured value = 4.5 g/cm³
---> true value = 14.0 g/cm³
| 4.5 g/cm³ - 14.0 g/cm³ |
Percent Error = ---------------------------------------- x 100% <----- Insert values
14.0 g/cm³
| -9.5 g/cm³ |
Percent Error = ------------------------ x 100% <----- Subtract
14.0 g/cm³
9.5 g/cm³
Percent Error = ------------------------ x 100% <----- Take absolute value
14.0 g/cm³
Percent Error = 0.6786 x 100% <----- Divide
Percent Error = 67.86% <----- Multiply
a bicyclist travels with an averahe velocity of 15km/h north, for 20 minutes .what is his displacement ?
Answers
Explanation:
velocity = 15 km/hr = 15×1000m / 60×60s
= 4.17 m/s
time= 20 min= 20 × 60s
= 1200s
displacement =?
we know that,
V = D / t
or, 4.17 = D / 1200
or, D = 4.17 × 1200
or,D = 5004 m
A hawk in level flight 135m above the ground drops the fish it caught. If the hawk horizontal speed is 20m/s, how far ahead of the drop point will the fish land