The remaining electron configuration would be 3p64s23d2.
The given atom's electron configuration ends at 3p2, indicating that it has two electrons in the 3p orbital. The second atom has eight more electrons starting at 3p, which means it will fill the 3p orbital completely, accommodating a total of six electrons. The remaining electrons will then occupy the subsequent energy levels.
The 3s orbital can hold a maximum of two electrons, so it will have two electrons in the 4s orbital (denoted as 4s2). Finally, the 3d orbital can accommodate ten electrons, so it will have two electrons in the 3d orbital (denoted as 3d2). Thus, the remaining electron configuration for the second atom is 3p64s23d2.
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Which statement is false? 1.) In MO theory all electrons are accounted for, not just the valence electrons. 2.) Electrons occupy MOs by following the Aufbau Principle. 3.) Electrons occupy MOs by following Hund's Rule. 4.) Electrons occupy MOs by following the Pauli Exclusion Principle. 5.) No two molecular orbitals for any molecule ever have the same energy.
The false statement is: No two molecular orbitals for any molecule ever have the same energy.
In some cases, molecular orbitals can have the same energy level. This is known as degeneracy. It can occur, for example, in molecules with a high degree of symmetry or in cases where the molecular orbitals are constructed from atomic orbitals with the same energy level. However, degeneracy is relatively rare and most molecular orbitals have different energies.
The other statements are true:
MO theory accounts for all electrons, not just valence electrons.
Electrons occupy MOs according to the Aufbau principle, filling the lowest energy MOs first.
Electrons in MOs fill up singly with parallel spins following Hund's rule.
Electrons in MOs follow the Pauli exclusion principle, which states that no two electrons in the same atom can have the same four quantum numbers.
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why a mixture of magnesium hydroxide and water is known as milk of magnesia
because of its milk-like appearance. ... Since the dissociation of this small amount of dissolved magnesium hydroxide is complete, magnesium hydroxide is considered a strong electrolyte. Its low solubility makes it a weak base.
2. List three types of chemical changes.
Help me
56.75mL of 0.256 HI M reacts with 10.00mL sample of NaOH, what is the molarity of sodium hydroxide?
Answer: 1.45M
Explanation:
The definition of molarity is moles/liter. The neutralization of NaOH with HI is:
HI + NaOH = NaI + H2O
One mole of HI reacts with 1 mole of NaOH. We'll assume this is a titration reaction and that the 10.00ml sample of NaOH contains the same number of moles as the 56.75ml of 0.256M HI.
Moles HI: (0.256 moles/liter)*(0.05675 L) = 0.01453 moles HI
That means we muct have 0.01453 moles NaOH in 10.0ml of NaOH solution.
(0.01453 moles NaOH)/(0.010L) = 1.45 M
==
Another approach is to use the relationship M1V1 = M2V2, which is useful for titrations (M is concentration and V is volume):
We want M2, so rearrange: M2 = M1V1/V2
M2 = (0.256M)*(56.75ml)/(10.0ml)
M2 = 1.45M
Structural Formulas for Covalent Molecules
Is anyone good at doing these because I am so confused
1) C2H4
2) C3Cl8
3) SCl2
4) HClO2
5) HNO2
6) H2SeO3
7) H2S2
8) C2H6O2
9) C2H7N
10) C2NH3
11) C2PSH3
12) CH2O2PN
13) C2H2S
14) CH2O
15) N2H2
Answer:
CFJA17THZ561GJA561GH68N461DG56BSJ57
HOPE IT HELPS THANK ME LATER.
Identify an element as a metal or a non-metal according to its position in the Periodic
Table
Answer:
Metals on the left of the Periodic Table.
Non-Metals on the top-right, plus Hydrogen.
a) What is the role of protons in an atom?
b) How do we determine how many protons are in an atom?
Answer:
The number of electrons, in turn, determines the chemical properties of the atom.
Protons contribute to the mass of an atom and provide the positive charge to the nucleus. The number of protons also determines the identity of the element.
Electrons have a negative charge. Since the atom is electrically neutral, the number of electrons must equal the number of protons.
The electrons arrange themselves in energy levels around the nucleus. The outermost or valence electrons of an atom are the ones that take part in chemical reactions. An element’s chemical properties depend on its valence electrons.
Explanation:
why should the size of crystals obtained in a recrystallization be neither too large nor too small
Answer:
The size of crystals obtained in a recrystallization should be neither too large nor too small because the ideal crystal size has a significant impact on the success and efficiency of the recrystallization process.
If the crystals are too large, they can cause difficulties in filtration and lead to poor crystal formation. Large crystals also have a larger surface area, which increases their solubility and can result in a loss of product.
On the other hand, if the crystals are too small, they can result in a slow filtration process and a low yield. Additionally, small crystals have a larger surface area-to-volume ratio, which makes them more prone to impurities and can compromise the purity of the product.
Therefore, obtaining crystals of the right size is important for efficient and successful recrystallization.
If the crystals are too large, they can trap impurities inside them, leading to a lower purity of the final product. Large crystals also tend to have lower surface area, which can reduce the effectiveness of subsequent chemical reactions.
On the other hand, if the crystals are too small, they can be difficult to filter or separate from the solvent, leading to losses of the desired product. Small crystals also have higher surface area, which can make them more reactive and more prone to oxidation or other chemical reactions.
Recrystallization is a common technique used in chemistry to purify solid compounds. It involves dissolving a crude solid in a suitable solvent and allowing it to crystallize out of solution, resulting in a purified product with improved properties. During the recrystallization process, it is important to control the size of the crystals obtained, as both large and small crystals can have negative effects on the final product.
Therefore, the ideal crystal size for recrystallization is typically in the range of 0.1-1 mm. This size range provides a good compromise between purity and yield, and is easily filterable and manageable during subsequent processing steps. By controlling the crystal size during recrystallization, chemists can obtain a high-purity product with good yield and desirable physical properties.
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in science, the ability to do work is called _________.
A . Force
B . Power
C . Motion
D . Energy
Answer:
D . Energy
Explanation:
The ability to do work is called energy. Work is actually a transfer of energy. When work is done to an object, energy is transferred to that object. Energy is measured in joules (J) .
Answer:
The Ability to do Work is called Energy I think... It is measured in joules
Explanation:
Hope it helps
Please mark Brainliest if it helps
Answered by
\(*Rosalind*\)
what is the limiting reagent when 16 grams of ch4 is reacted with 64 grams of o2? what remains after the reaction?
CH4 is limiting reagent and H20 remains after the reaction.
What is limiting reagent?A limiting reagent is a reactant that entirely consumes itself before any other reactants are used up in a chemical reaction, hence restricting the amount of product that may be created. It can be found by comparing the proportions of each component in the reaction and its stoichiometry. Once the limiting reagent has been determined, the amount of product that can be generated can be computed using the reaction's stoichiometry.
\(CH_4+2O_2- > CO_2+2H_2O\)
number of moles of CH4= given mass/atomic mass
=> 16/16
so the number of moles of CH4 is 1
number of moles of O2 = 64/32
=2
so CH4 1 mole get vanished after the reaction and the gases like CO2 and O2 fly away so the limiting reagent is CH4
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during the light reactions, water is oxidized to o2. where do the hydrogens go?
The hydrogen will mix with NADP+ to create NADPH, which will then be sent to the dark cycle.
What is the role of hydrogen in light reactions?The oxygen molecule is created when the elemental oxygen from one water molecule joins with oxygen from another water molecule.
The hydrogen will mix with NADP+ to create NADPH, which will then be sent to the dark cycle. They are the source of oxygen, as explained. Chlorophyll, a pigment found inside photosystem II of the chloroplast, is where this occurs. The Mg ion in this chlorophyll pigment experiences redox state variations (after interaction with photon). In the process, hydrogen ions are removed from the water molecule, which leads to the oxidation of the water molecule to O2. While this is happening, the hydrogen is expelled from the thylakoid and interacts with NADP+ to create NADPH (reduction process). This NADPH travels to the calvin cycle. The Rubisco enzymes are also found in the stroma area. The next enzyme, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, is outside of the chloroplast and utilises NADPH itself. Because rubisco does not require photons of light to work, the dark cycle is the component that involves rubisco.
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It is important to realize that an element’s line spectrum can include emissions at wavelengths throughout the electromagnetic spectrum including ultraviolet, visible, and infrared. According to section 2 of the experiment, where will you be collecting data on hydrogen and helium’s line spectra?.
It is important to realize that an element’s line spectrum can include emissions at wavelengths throughout the electromagnetic spectrum including ultraviolet, visible, and infrared then according to section 2 of the experiment visible region collecting data on hydrogen and helium’s line spectra
Electromagnetic spectrum are the spectrum in which electromagnetic radiation are classified wavelength into radio waves, microwave, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, X-rays and gamma rays and the types of electromagnetic spectrum are
Radio wave : radio waves are used to broadcast the signalsMicrowave : microwave are used to mobile signalsInfrared : infrared transmit heat from difference sourced of fireVisible : visible is the type of electromagnetic radiation Ultraviolet : ultraviolet are used in florescent tubeX ray : x ray are used to see the object as well as bodiesGamma rays : gamma rays are used in cell cancer treatmentThe hydrogen line spectra fall between wavelength, 410 nm to 656 nm. The helium line spectra fall between wavelength, 400 nm to 781 nm and this two fall in the visible region of line spectra
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What is percent composition by mass?
Percent composition indicates the relative amounts of each element in a compound. For each element, the mass percent formula is: % mass = (mass of element in 1 mole of the compound) / (molar mass of the compound) x 100% or. mass percent = (mass of solute / mass of solution) x 100%.
An iron nail is composed of four sotopes with the Percentage abundances given in the table below average Calculate the average atomic mass of iron Isotopes - Percentage
fe-54 - 5.80
fe-56 - 91.72
fe-57 - 2.20
fe-58 - 0.28
The average atomic mass of iron Isotopes is 55.90 amu.
What is the average atomic mass?We know that because there is a phenomenon that we call isotopy, the average atomic mass of the elements is often not a whole number. The atoms of the elements tend to differ in the number of the neutrons that they posses. Thus isotopes are the atoms of the same elements that do not have the same number of neutrons.
We now have to obtain the relative atomic mass of the iron atom while taking note of the different isotopes that we gave in the atom as we can see.
We thus have;
(54 * 5.80/100) + (56 * 91.72/100) + (57 * 2.20/100) + (58 * 0.28/100)
= 3.13 + 51.36 + 1.25 + 0.16
= 55.90 amu
The average atomic mass of the iron as we can see from the calculation that is based on the table is obtained as 55.90 amu.
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How many monosaccharides after completely hydrolyzed?
When a polysaccharide is completely hydrolyzed, it breaks down into its individual monosaccharides.
The number of monosaccharides produced after complete hydrolysis depends on the specific polysaccharide and its structure.
For example, if a polysaccharide is made up of 10 glucose molecules linked together, complete hydrolysis would produce 10 individual glucose monosaccharides. Similarly, if a polysaccharide is made up of 5 galactose and 5 fructose molecules, complete hydrolysis would produce 5 galactose and 5 fructose monosaccharides.
In general, the number of monosaccharides produced after complete hydrolysis of a polysaccharide is equal to the number of monosaccharides that make up the original polysaccharide.
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The hydrogen and oxygen atoms in a molecule of water are held together by
A) peptide bonds.
B) savings bonds.
C) nonpolar bonds.
D) ionic bonds.
E) polar covalent bonds.
The orbital shape, i.e. the radial probability distribution, of the 2s sublevel shows it to be more stable than that of the 2p sublevel because it penetrates closer to ______.
The orbital shape, i.e. the radial probability distribution, of the 2s sublevel shows it to be more stable than that of the 2p sublevel because it closer to The nucleus.
The nucleus of an atom consists of neutrons and protons, which in flip are the manifestation of more primary debris, known as quarks, which are held in affiliation through the nuclear sturdy pressure in positive solid combos of hadrons, referred to as baryons.
The nucleus of the atom, also called the atomic nucleus, is the small, dense, spherical center of an atom. The nucleus incorporates subatomic debris: the protons and the neutrons. Protons are definitely charged particles with a mass of about 1 amu (atomic mass unit).
It is composed of protons, which have a fantastic charge, and neutrons, which haven't any price. Protons, neutrons, and the electrons surrounding them are lengthy-lived particles found in all ordinary, clearly going on atoms.
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the h-n-h bond angles between the nitrogen and the hydrogens in ammonia (nh3) are larger than the h-o-h bond angle in water because the three n to h bonds need more room to spread out as opposed to just the two o to h bonds. the h-n-h bond angles between the nitrogen and the hydrogens in ammonia (nh3) are larger than the h-o-h bond angle in water because the three n to h bonds need more room to spread out as opposed to just the two o to h bonds. true false need more information
False. The H-N-H bond angles in ammonia (NH₃) are actually smaller than the H-O-H bond angles in water.
In ammonia, the H-N-H bond angle is approximately 107.5°, while the H-O-H bond angle in water is approximately 104.5°. This difference is mainly due to the presence of two lone pairs of electrons on the oxygen atom in water, which repel the O-H bonds, leading to a smaller bond angle compared to ammonia, which has only one lone pair of electrons on the nitrogen atom.
The nitrogen atom possesses a partial charge that is opposite to that of each hydrogen atom, which is partially positive.
The electrons inside ammonia molecules are distributed with uneven charges. The nitrogen atom has a partial negative charge because it is more electronegative than the hydrogen atom and draws electrons to it. In addition to having a partial positive charge, hydrogen is less electronegative than nitrogen. As a result, the nitrogen atom has a partial negative charge, whereas the hydrogen atom has a partly positive charge.
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The complete question is
Find the statement True or false: The H-N-H bond angles between the nitrogen and the hydrogens in ammonia (NH₃) are larger than the H-O-H bond angle in water because the three N to H bonds need more room to spread out as opposed to just the two o to H bonds.
Can you use sugar instead of salt?.
We are unable to replace salt with sugar. Many soluble carbohydrates with a sweet flavour and that are used in food are collectively referred to as sugar.
In addition to fructose, simple sugars also go by the name monosaccharides. also galactose. Disaccharides or double sugars are other names for compound of carbohydrates. Rock salt, also known as carbohydrates, is a naturally occurring crystalline mineral that is made up mostly of sodium chloride (NaCl), a chemical molecule that is a member of the larger class of salts. In seawater, salt is found in enormous amounts.
Seawater, where it makes up the majority of the minerals, contains a significant amount of it. Animal life cannot exist without salt, and humans' basic tastes include saltiness.
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Use the amounts of each product and reactant
listed below to balance the equations for the
breakdown of sulphuric acid and sodium nitrate.
H₂SO4 + NaNO2 → HNO2 + Na2SO4
H₂SO4 = 588g NaNO₂ = 828g HNO₂ = 564g
Na₂SO4 = 384g
Answer:
H2SO4 + 2NaNO2 → HNO2 + Na2SO4
The balanced equation for the breakdown of sulfuric acid and sodium nitrate is:
H2SO4 + 2NaNO2 -> HNO2 + Na2SO4
This equation shows that for every one molecule of sulfuric acid (H2SO4), two molecules of sodium nitrate (NaNO2) are required to produce one molecule of nitrous acid (HNO2) and one molecule of sodium sulfate (Na2SO4).
In terms of mass, the equation shows that for every 588 grams of sulfuric acid, 828 grams of sodium nitrate are required to produce 564 grams of nitrous acid and 384 grams of sodium sulfate.
if he gas has an average kinetic energy of 8150 j/mol under certain conditions, what is the root mean square speed of o2 gas molecules under the same conditions?
If He gas has an average kinetic energy of the 8150 J/mol under the certain conditions, the root mean square speed of O₂ gas molecules under the same conditions is 3.0 × 10²⁹ m/s.
The average kinetic energy is expressed as :
K.E = 3 R T / 2
8150 = ( 3 × 8.314 × T ) / 2
16300 = 24.94 T
T = 653.5 K
The root mean square speed, Vrms = √(3kNaT ) /M
The root mean square speed, Vrms = √ ( 3 × 1.38 × 10⁻²³ × 6.023 × 10²³ ×
653.5 ) / 5.31 × 10⁻²⁶
The root mean square speed, Vrms = 3.0 × 10²⁹ m/s.
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500. ML of 0. 200 M HCl solution needs to be dilutied to 0. 150 M solution. How many mL water needs to be added?
To dilute the 0.200 M HCl solution to 0.150 M solution, 166.67 mL of water is needed to be added to the solution.
To dilute a solution, we can use the dilution equation:
M₁V₁ = M₂V₂
where M₁ and V₁ are the initial molarity and volume of the solution, and M₂ and V₂ are the final molarity and volume of the solution after dilution.
In this case, we are given M₁ = 0.200 M, V₁ = 500 mL, and M₂ = 0.150 M. We need to solve for V₂ to find the final volume of the solution after dilution, and then subtract V₁ from V₂ to find the amount of water that needs to be added.
0.200 M × 500 mL = 0.150 M × V₂
V₂ = (0.200 M × 500 mL) / 0.150 M
V₂ = 666.67 mL
So, the final volume of the solution after dilution should be 666.67 mL.
To find the amount of water that needs to be added, we can subtract the initial volume from the final volume:
666.67 mL - 500 mL = 166.67 mL
Therefore, we need to add 166.67 mL of water to the 500 mL of 0.200 M HCl solution to dilute it to a 0.150 M solution.
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What type of reaction is shown here?
SeCl6+O2 , SeO2 + 3Cl2
O Single replacement
O Combustion
O Double replacement
O Synthesis
O Decomposition
Answer:
Depends since Chemical equation is not written clearly...
Explanation:
if if the comma represents an equal sign then I would assume that this would be a single replacement... however if this is all one equation I would assume it is a double replacement.
The type of chemical reaction shown in the question is a: A. Single replacement.
A chemical reaction can be defined as a chemical process involving the continuous transformation (rearrangement) of either the ionic, atomic or molecular structure of a chemical element, especially through the breakdown and formation of chemical bonds, in order to produce a new chemical compound.
In Chemistry, there are five (5) main types of chemical reaction and these include;
Combination reaction.Combustion reaction.Double-replacement reaction.Decomposition reaction.Single-replacement reaction.A single-replacement reaction is also referred to as a single-displacement reaction and it can be defined as a type of chemical reaction wherein a single (one) chemical element of the reacting chemical compound is replaced (substituted) by a similar chemical element.
Basically, a single-replacement reaction typically involves a single element (\(O_2\)) replacing another element (\(Cl_6\)) within a chemical compound (\(SeCl_6\)).
\(SeCl_6+O_2\) ----> \(SeO_2 + 3Cl_2\)
In conclusion, the above chemical reaction is a single-replacement reaction because oxygen gas replaces the chlorine molecules in selenium hexachloride.
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A. How well do the continents fit together
Answer:
The shapes of continents fit together like a puzzle.
Explanation:
Just look at the east coast of South America and the west coast of Africa—it's almost a perfect fit! Identical rocks have been found on different continents. These rocks formed millions of years ago before the continents separated.
The pH of a solution is 3.17, what is the (H3O+)Group of answer choices6.8 X 10 minus 4 Molar3.5 X 10 minus 6 Molar3.5 X 10 plus 6 Molar6.8 X 10 plus 4 Molar
we are given the pH of the solution as 3.17 are we are required to find the [H₃O+]
we know that :
pH = - log[H₃O+]
-pH = log[H₃O+]
10⁻ᵖᴴ = 10ˡᵒᵍ[ᴴ₃ᴼ⁺]
10⁻ᵖᴴ = [H₃O+]
therefore:
10⁻³.¹⁷ = [H₃O+]
6.8x10⁻⁴ M = [H₃O+]
therefore the [H₃O+] is 6.8x10 minus 4 Molar
a. water in a 150 ml container volume with a diameter of 12 cm evaporates faster and therefore has a greater vapor pressure than a container with a volume 75 ml a diameter of 5.5 cm
The diameter of 150 ml container has more space and so its exposed, so it evaporates more quickly in lesser time.
What is vapor pressure?The vapour pressure is due to escaping tendency of water molecule from surface of liquid. Vapour pressure is dependent on the number of molecules on the surface of liquid.If number molecules on surface of molecules is greater, greater would be the vapour pressure.Reason can be described as, 150 mL container is with 12 cm diameter evaporates faster because its surface area is larger and it has more number of water molecules on the surface. So, it has greater vapour pressure than the 75 ml container and the water also evaporates faster due to large surface area and more exposure.
So, that the vapour pressure occurs between the molecues.
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I have a project and I need help with a diagram. What do the moon, sun, and earth look like at night in the Americas? (diagram)
Answer: Hope This Helps
Explanation:
A lump of zinc is tossed into a beaker of 500L of 14M hydrochloric acid. this reaction produces Hydrogen Gas and zinc (II) chloride. If the hydrogen gas is combusted and produces 645L of water vapor at 400 kelvin and 1.75 atm, what is the mass of the zinc?
If the hydrogen gas is combusted and produces 645L of water vapor at 400 kelvin and 1.75 atm, 2796.96 g mass of the zinc is produced .
Using the ideal gas law equation:
PV = nRT
n = (PV) / (RT)
= (1.75 atm * 645 L) / (0.0821 atm·L/(mol·K) * 400 K)
= 42.71 moles
the balanced equation for the reaction between zinc and hydrochloric acid:
Zn + 2HCl -> \(ZnCl_{2}\) + \(H_{2}\)
1 mole of zinc produces 1 mole of hydrogen gas. Therefore, the moles of zinc are also 42.71.
The molar mass of zinc is 65.38 g/mol.
Mass of zinc = moles of zinc * molar mass of zinc
= 42.71 moles * 65.38 g/mol
= 2796.96 g
Therefore, the mass of the zinc is 2796.96 grams.
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which statement correctly describes protons and neutrons?
a. they have the same mass and the same electrical charge
b. they have the same mass but different electrical charge
c. they have the different masses but the same electrical charge
d. they have different masses and different electrical charges
Answer:
B
Explanation:
Determining a procedure to produce bromine water. You will want to copy this information into your procedure for use in class. a. Balance the redox equation for the formation of Br, from the reaction of Bro, and Br in an acidic solution. Br, is the only halogen containing product. b. What is the reducing agent in the above reaction? c. How many mL of 0.2M NaBro, mL of 0.2M NaBr, mL of 0.5M H.SO, and mL of water are needed to prepare 12 mL of a 0.050M Br solution? Record these quantities in the procedure.
Bromine water can be prepared in the laboratory by the addition of bromine to distilled water. The procedure is as follows: Procedure for the preparation of bromine water: Take a clean, dry, and transparent bottle. Rinse it with distilled water. Pour 10 mL of distilled water into the bottle. The correct way is to add bromine to water. Mix the bromine and water solution by shaking the bottle. Bromine is less dense than water and tends to float on top of the water.
Do this step with care because bromine is highly toxic. Never add water to bromine. The correct way is to add bromine to water. Mix the bromine and water solution by shaking the bottle. Bromine is less dense than water and tends to float on top of the water. Therefore, the mixture must be stirred thoroughly to get a uniform color and complete dissolution of bromine. Once the bromine is dissolved, the solution will have a characteristic reddish-brown color. Now, the solution is ready to use. The balanced equation for the formation of Br from the reaction of BrO3- and Br- in an acidic solution is as follows:2Br–(aq) + BrO3–(aq) + 6H+(aq) → 3Br2(l) + 3H2O(l)The reducing agent in the above reaction is Br-.12 mL of a 0.050 M Br solution can be prepared by following these steps:Find the moles of Br needed.Moles of Br = Molarity × Volume (L)Moles of Br = 0.050 M × 0.012 L = 0.0006 molDetermine the moles of NaBr needed.Moles of NaBr = Moles of BrMoles of NaBr = 0.0006 molFind the volume of 0.2 M NaBr needed.Volume of 0.2 M NaBr = Moles of NaBr ÷ Molarity of NaBrVolume of 0.2 M NaBr = 0.0006 mol ÷ 0.2 M = 0.003 L = 3 mLFind the volume of 0.2 M NaBrO needed.The volume of 0.2 M NaBrO = Moles of BrO ÷ Molarity of NaBrOVolume of 0.2 M NaBrO = 0.0006 mol ÷ 0.2 M = 0.003 L = 3 mLFind the volume of 0.5 M H2SO4 needed. The volume of 0.5 M H2SO4 = Volume of BrO3 neededVolume of 0.5 M H2SO4 = Volume of NaBrO neededVolume of 0.5 M H2SO4 = 3 mL (from the above calculation)Find the volume of water needed. Volume of water = Total volume – Volume of BrO3 – Volume of NaBrO – Volume of H2SO4Volume of water = 12 mL – 3 mL – 3 mL – 3 mL = 3 mLTherefore, to prepare 12 mL of a 0.050 M Br solution, 3 mL of 0.2 M NaBr, 3 mL of 0.2 M NaBrO, 3 mL of 0.5 M H2SO4, and 3 mL of water are needed.
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