QUESTION ONE A) A distribution of public funds between the various lines of service undertaken by the state is also, in a general manner, determined by the same considerations as influence individuals' expenditures. As a larger percentage of the poor man's income is expended on the necessities rather than the comforts and luxuries of life, so would the poor state be called upon to make larger relative expenditures for the primary governmental functions than for those which come later in its national development. It is not strange that the underlying principles of public expenditures should prove to be the same as those followed by the individual, since on final analysis the state represents the collective interests of the people and may be regarded as one of the many means by which individual wants to secure for themselves satisfaction. REQUIRED: (1) From your knowledge on public expenditure theory outline TWO (2) reasons why the state expenditure structure should be different from the individuals from whom the state collects its revenues. -Perpetual existence [10 Marks] nature of it's social & Industrial functions. (II) Outline what you know from the public expenditure theory's notion of the % of social incomps Marks] at o that is disposed coefficient of public expenditures
Answers
(1) The state expenditure structure should be different from that of individuals for two main reasons:
a) Perpetual existence: Unlike individuals, the state has a perpetual existence and operates on a long-term basis. Individuals have finite lifespans and their expenditure patterns are influenced by their immediate needs and preferences. In contrast, the state must consider the long-term welfare and development of society as a whole. This means that the state's expenditure structure needs to incorporate investments in infrastructure, education, healthcare, and other long-term projects that may not directly benefit individuals in the short term but contribute to the overall well-being of the society over time.
b) Nature of social and industrial functions: The state has the responsibility to provide public goods and services that benefit the entire society, such as defense, public safety, transportation, and environmental protection. These functions are essential for the functioning and progress of society as a whole, but they may not be efficiently provided by individuals on their own. The state's expenditure structure should prioritize these collective needs and allocate funds accordingly, even if individual preferences may differ. The state also has a role in addressing market failures, redistributing income, and ensuring social welfare, which further distinguishes its expenditure structure from that of individuals.
In conclusion, the state's expenditure structure differs from individuals due to its perpetual existence and the nature of its social and industrial functions. The state must consider long-term welfare and invest in public goods, services, and addressing market failures, which may not align with immediate individual preferences.
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Related Questions
T/F - A taxpayer with over $2,500 of taxable interest or ordinary dividends must attach Schedule B to Form 1040.
Answers
True. A taxpayer with over $2,500 of taxable interest or ordinary dividends must attach Schedule B to Form 1040.
Schedule B is used to report the taxpayer's interest and dividend income, and it is required if the taxpayer's interest and dividend income exceeds $1,500. The purpose of Schedule B is to help the IRS ensure that taxpayers are reporting all of their income accurately and paying the correct amount of taxes. If a taxpayer fails to attach Schedule B when required, they may be subject to penalties and interest on any unpaid taxes.
It is important for taxpayers to carefully review the instructions for Form 1040 and Schedule B to ensure that they are meeting all of their reporting obligations and avoiding any potential penalties or interest charges.
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____ costs in many firms represent a much higher percentage of product costs than direct labor. a. Control b. Failure c.Nonvalue-added
d. Overhead e.Appraisal
Answers
The answer is d. Overhead. Overhead costs, which include expenses such as rent, utilities, and depreciation, are often a significant portion of a firm's product costs and can outweigh the costs of direct labor.
Overhead costs in many firms represent a much higher percentage of product costs than direct labor. Overhead costs include expenses such as rent, utilities, insurance, depreciation of equipment, administrative salaries, and other indirect costs that are necessary for running the business but cannot be directly allocated to a specific product or service. These costs are allocated across the products or services based on certain allocation methods, such as activity-based costing or traditional costing.
Direct labor costs, on the other hand, refer to the wages or salaries paid to employees directly involved in the production or delivery of a product or service. While direct labor costs are important, overhead costs often make up a significant portion of the overall cost structure of a product or service in many firms.
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When a company sends a packet of information and forms prior to the
interview, be sure to
a. leave it at home since it is not needed at the interview
b. take the entire packet with you to the interview
c. bring information about competitors to the interview
d. bring your salary and benefit requirements to the interview
Answers
When a company sends a packet of information and forms prior to the interview, it is essential to understand the purpose of the materials and how they will be used during the interview process. The best course of action in this situation is to (b) take the entire packet with you to the interview. This will demonstrate your preparedness and professionalism, while also ensuring that you have all necessary documents readily available.
Bringing the packet allows you to reference specific information during the interview, which can help to showcase your knowledge and familiarity with the company and its operations. Leaving the packet at home (a) would be unwise as it may contain important information needed during the interview process. Meanwhile, bringing information about competitors (c) or your salary and benefit requirements (d) may be seen as inappropriate or presumptuous at this stage of the interview process.
In conclusion, it is important to review the materials provided by the company prior to the interview and bring the entire packet with you to demonstrate your preparedness and professionalism. Doing so will help to make a positive impression on the interviewer and increase your chances of success in the hiring process.
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if d varies directly as t and d = 20.5 when t=12 find:(a) the value of the constant (b) the relationship between d and t (c) the value of d when t =6.
Answers
Answer:
(a) \(k=\frac{41}{24}\)
(b) \(d=\frac{41}{24} t\)
(c) \(d=\frac{41}{4}\)
Explanation:
As d varies directly as t,
\(d=kt\)
Here, k is a constant.
(a)
Put \(d=20.5\,,\,t=12\)
\(20.5=12k\\\\k=\frac{41}{24}\\\\k= 1.71\)
(b)
Put \(k=\frac{41}{24}\) in \(d=kt\)
\(d=\frac{41}{24} t\)
(c)
Put \(t=6\) in \(d=\frac{41}{24} t\)
\(d=\frac{41}{24} (6)\\\\d=\frac{41}{4}\)
In a small company's accounting department, the accounts receivable coordinator often takes the role of the ___.
Answers
Answer: B. credit and collection manager
Explanation:
In a small company, employees will typically have to act in more than one role but usually in roles that are related. As the Accounts Receivable coordinator, the closest role in the options would be that of Credit and Collection manager.
As Accounts receivable coordinator, the person is in charge of the accounts of those who owe the company so that there are no problems in payments, records or other errors and problems.
As Credit and Collection manager, their jobs will be similar as the credit and collection manager is in charge of evaluating potential debtors as well as following up on actual debtors to ensure that they pay what they owe the company.
A business that buys goods from producers and sells them to retailers is callled:_________
Answers
How many blank sections does edge have? this is the second one and ill even show you the first one!
Answers
At what age can you start working?
Answers
Answer:
Explanation:
depends on where you live
Explanation:
It really depends on the jobs and requirements but you can USUALLY do small work like walking a dog or babysitting at 13-14
Which of the following loan options will require the borrower to pay a high fee along with a high rate of interest applied on the loaned amount?
A. A credit union loan
B. A payday loan
C. A subsidized loan
D. A bank loan
Answers
A payday loan will require the borrower to pay a high fee along with a high rate of interest applied on the loaned amount. The correct option is B. A payday loan.
Payday loans are short-term, high-cost loans typically intended to cover unexpected expenses or to bridge a temporary gap between paychecks. They are usually available for small amounts of money and are meant to be repaid when the borrower receives their next paycheck.
The reason payday loans have high fees and interest rates is because they are considered high-risk loans for the lender. Borrowers often have poor credit or no credit history, which means the lender has less assurance that the loan will be repaid. To compensate for this increased risk, payday lenders charge high fees and interest rates to cover potential losses and to make a profit.
In contrast, other loan options such as credit union loans, subsidized loans, and bank loans typically have lower fees and interest rates. Credit unions and banks offer loans to their members and customers based on creditworthiness, while subsidized loans are offered by the government to eligible students, often with lower interest rates and more favorable repayment terms.
In summary, a payday loan will require the borrower to pay a high fee and a high rate of interest due to the increased risk for the lender and the short-term nature of the loan. It is important for borrowers to consider other loan options before choosing a payday loan, as they can be an expensive form of borrowing. Therefore, The correct option is B. A payday loan
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the governor of texas's salary is ________ per year.
Answers
As of September 2021, the salary of the Governor of Texas was reported to be $153,750 per year.
However, it's crucial to note that salaries can be subject to change based on various factors such as legislative decisions, economic conditions, and adjustments to the cost of living. It's essential to consult reliable sources or official government documents for the most up-to-date information on the current salary of the Governor of Texas.
Government salaries are typically determined through a combination of factors, including legislation, budgetary considerations, and comparisons to salaries of other public officials.
These factors aim to strike a balance between providing fair compensation for the responsibilities and demands of the role while being mindful of budgetary constraints and public sentiment.
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Which type of degree is earned after a master’s degree?
A:doctorate
B:secondary
C:bachelor’s
D:associate’s
(I asked my teacher and he said it was a Bachelor's Degree, please confirm if this is right or not)
Answers
Answer:
I think it is A. doctorate
After a master's you would get your doctorate. Bachelor is before master's.
why is comparative value lead and value based organization?
Answers
Answer:
The organizations with a common set of values that are practiced, in our experience, corporately develop a culture of accountability. The commitment to a value system serves to strengthen the firm’s culture, increases role clarity, retention, and productivity, and serves as a long-term benefit.
While it is important for a leader to understand the values expressed by all members of the team, there are times when an employee’s values are not in alignment with the organization’s. When an individual is new to the practice, it sometimes becomes clear when they aren’t in alignment with the firm’s values. In these cases, the individual has the choice to adapt or transition to another organization to which they more closely align. Neither the individual or the organization is served when values are not in alignment.
Explanation:
Another values-based leader I worked for inspired trust at all levels in the organization and he always did the right thing. He kept us aligned to our vision with the foundation being the firm’s core values. As a result, the work environment was filled with trust, clear communication and the drive to a common purpose. He motivated us to think beyond ourselves which fostered an environment of individual and corporate success.
Today’s successful organizations have a strong and well-defined culture.
PLEASE HELP!!!!!! I DON'T KNOW THIS AND IT'S FOR MY FINALS!!!!!!!!!!!
Which term BEST describes the blinking line in a word processing document that marks the spot where text appears as it is typed?
flash mark
mouse indicator
launch location
insertion point
Answers
Answer:
The insertion point—also called a cursor—is the blinking line in your document that indicates where text is inserted when you type
Self-assessments must always be formalized instruments of
measurement.
O True
O False
Answers
Answer:
true I believe I'm not completely sure though
Explanation:
T/F- Optimization Score is made up of over 50 recommendations to optimize Search campaigns
Answers
False: About 50 recommendations for improving Search campaign performance make up the Optimization Score.
A good campaign optimization score is what?What sort of Optimization Score ought to you be concerned with? It's a good idea to aim for a score of about 80% for most accounts. If it's less, you might want to make some changes. Going higher puts your ad budget at greater danger than you'd desire.
Which optimization rule applies?In order to enhance impressions that are contributing to your KPI and decrease/eliminate those that are not, you can use optimization rules to define specific exceptions to your bids.
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Imagine you are a real estate agent and you’ve just met a couple who is ready to
buy their first home. Create a list of at least 20 possible questions you could ask
to determine what they are looking for in their new home.
Answers
2) are you working with a lender?
3) what are your dealbreakers?
4) what’s on your wishlist? (Walk in closets, pool, hot-tub, huge kitchen, etc.)
5) what is your favorite room in the house?
6) how do you prefer to be contacted?
7) What is your budget?
8) Have you seen other houses?
9) Any favorite neighborhoods?
10) is being close to your work or your child’s school a priority?
11) Where is your work located?
12) What do you enjoy doing in your spare time?
13) Let’s say tomorrow I have your home, are you ready to move?
14) What problems do you anticipate?
15) Do you have any concerns?
16) How much do you think your home is worth?
17) where is your child’s school located/ name of school?
18) if you wanted to be close to work/your child’s school, how many miles? 5-10 perhaps?
A Bakery stocks daily five gourmet fancy fruit-topped cakes. All the cakes that are not sold during the day are thrown away, and the bakery restocks the next day with new cakes, bringing the in-stock level up to five at the beginning of each day. If daily demand is greater than the five cakes in stock the bakery loses sales. The special cake sells for $32 and costs the store $10. The probability distribution of daily demand for the cake is as shown below daily demand - 0, 1,2,3,4,5,6,7 Px - 0.01, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.20, 0.60, 0.05, 0.02
Answers
Answer:
The answer is "$1.98".
Explanation:
calculating the profit per cake \(= \$32 -\$10 =\$22\)
\(\text{if demand}=6 , \ lose =\$22 \\\\\text{if demand}= 7,\ lose = \$44\\\)
Calculating E(profit lost):
\(=\$22 \times 0.05+ \$44 \times 0.02\\\\ =\$ 1.1+\$ 8.8\\\\=\$ 1.98\)
The General Ledger shows or
contains which of the following?
A. All of the Above
B. Liabilities
C. Assets
D. Shareholder's Equity
Answers
Answer:
A. All of the above
Explanation:
The General Ledger is the primary accounting record that shows a company's financial transactions. It contains all of the accounts that are used to record transactions, including assets, liabilities, shareholder's equity, revenue, expenses, gains, and losses.
The General Ledger provides a comprehensive view of a company's financial position and is used to produce financial statements such as the balance sheet, income statement, and cash flow statement. The information in the General Ledger is used by management, auditors, and other stakeholders to make informed decisions about the company's financial health and performance.
The fuel inputs per hour of plants 1 and 2 are given as:
F1=0. 6P? +60.0P, + 120 GHC/Hr
F2=0.30PZ + 30P2 + 150 GHC/Hr
30 Minutes
Determine the economic operating schedule and the corresponding cost of the generation if the
maximum and the minimum loading on each unit is 120 MW and 30 MW, the demand is 210
MW and the transmission losses are neglected. If the load is equally shared by both the units,
determine the saving obtained by loading the units as per equal incremental production cost.
Answers
To determine the economic operating schedule and the corresponding cost of generation, we need to calculate the fuel inputs for each plant based on the given equations.
Since the load is equally shared by both units, each unit will be operating at half of the total demand, which is 210 MW / 2 = 105 MW.
Plant 1 (F1):
F1 = 0.6P? + 60.0P + 120 GHC/Hr
F1 = 0.6(105)^2 + 60.0(105) + 120 GHC/Hr
F1 = 6615 + 6300 + 120 GHC/Hr
F1 = 13035 + 120 GHC/Hr
Plant 2 (F2):
F2 = 0.30PZ + 30P2 + 150 GHC/Hr
F2 = 31650 + 31.5Z + 150 GHC/Hr
For Plant 1 (F1), we'll use the minimum loading (P) of 30 MW:
F1 = 13035 + 120 GHC/Hr
For Plant 2 (F2), we'll use the maximum loading (P) of 120 MW:
F2 = 31650 + 31.5Z + 150 GHC/Hr
Case 1: Equal incremental production cost
F1 = F2
13035 + 120 GHC/Hr = 31650 + 31.5Z + 150 GHC/Hr
31.5Z = -18645 GHC/Hr
Z = -18645 GHC/Hr / 31.5
Z ≈ -592.857
Case 2: Maximum loading on Plant 2 (P) = 120 MW
F2 = 31650 + 31.5Z + 150 GHC/Hr
F2 ≈ 18947.857 + 150 GHC/Hr
Case 1:
Cost = 13035 GHC/Hr + 120 GHC/Hr
Cost ≈ 13155 GHC/Hr
Case 2:
Cost = 18947.857 GHC/Hr + 150 GHC/Hr
Cost ≈ 19197.857 GHC/Hr
Therefore, the economic operating schedule and the corresponding cost of generation are as follows:
Case 1 : Load Plant 1 (F1) at minimum loading (30 MW) and Plant 2 (F2) at Z ≈ -592.857 GHC/Hr
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a financial services company with insurance, investments, mortgages, and banking divisions is best characterized as having a
Answers
The financial services company which includes the insurance, investments, mortgage, banking is best characterized as having a product structure.
The question options includes functional design, product structure, geographic structure and horizontal design.
Product organizational structure refers to an organization framework in which the various divisions therein are divided base on focus on product or service offered within the company.
All financial institution have the distinct product they offered to customers and each department in the institution are formed to serve the product being offered.
Therefore, the answer is B. because the financial services company are best characterized as product organizational structure.
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Teal and Associates needs to borrow $55,000. The best loan they can find is one at 13% that must be repaid in monthly installments over the next 5 1/2 years.
How much are the monthly payments? (a) State the type. ordinary annuity amortization present value sinking fund future value (b) Answer the question. (Round your answer to the nearest cent
Answers
The monthly payments for the loan amount of $55,000 at a 13% interest rate over 5 1/2 years are approximately $1,108.36.
To calculate the monthly payments for the loan, we need to use the formula for the amortization of a loan. The formula is:
Payment = Principal * (r * (1 + r)^n) / ((1 + r)^n - 1)
Where:
Principal = $55,000 (loan amount)
r = Monthly interest rate = Annual interest rate / 12 = 13% / 12
n = Total number of payments = 5.5 years * 12 months per year
By plugging in the values into the formula, we find that the monthly payments for the loan amount are approximately $1,108.36.
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27. Many organizations do not have a formal trouble reporting system. Why do you think this is the case?
Answers
Many organizations may not have a formal trouble reporting system for several reasons. One primary factor could be a lack of awareness regarding the benefits of such a system. Organizations might underestimate the importance of tracking and resolving issues in a systematic manner, which could lead to inefficiencies and dissatisfaction among employees and stakeholders.
Another reason could be the perceived complexity and cost associated with implementing a formal trouble reporting system. Organizations might assume that setting up such a system requires significant resources, both in terms of time and financial investment. This perception might discourage them from establishing a systematic approach to handling issues. Additionally, some organizations may rely on informal methods of reporting trouble, such as personal communication or ad hoc meetings, believing that these are sufficient for addressing problems. In reality, these methods may not be as effective as a formal system in terms of providing transparency, accountability, and traceability. Lastly, organizational culture and resistance to change could also play a role. Employees and management might be accustomed to existing processes and resistant to adopting new systems, especially if they believe that current methods are working well.
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According to Keynesian theory, what is the most important determinant of households' spending on goods and services
A) Autonomous consumption
B) Government spending
C) The price level
D) The interest rate
E) Disposable income
Answers
what kind of employees can fill the three levels of management
Answers
Answer:
hierarchy: Any group of objects ranked so that every one but the topmost is subordinate to a specified one above it.
manager: A person whose job is to manage something, such as a business, a restaurant, or a sports team.
board of directors: A group of people, elected by stockholders, to establish corporate policies, and make management decisions.
top management: company employees responsible for controlling and overseeing the entire organization
middle management: company employees that are accountable for controlling and overseeing a department
Explanation:
Most organizations have three management levels:
Low-level managers;
Middle-level managers; and
Top-level managers.
These managers are classified in a hierarchy of authority, and perform different tasks. In many organizations, the number of managers in every level resembles a pyramid.
Top-level managers
The board of directors, president, vice-president, and CEO are all examples of top-level managers.
These managers are responsible for controlling and overseeing the entire organization. They develop goals, strategic plans, company policies, and make decisions on the direction of the business.
In addition, top-level managers play a significant role in the mobilization of outside resources.
Top-level managers are accountable to the shareholders and general public.
Middle-level managers
General managers, branch managers, and department managers are all examples of middle-level managers. They are accountable to the top management for their department’s function.
Middle-level managers devote more time to organizational and directional functions than top-level managers. Their roles can be emphasized as:
Low-level managers
Supervisors, section leads, and foremen are examples of low-level management titles. These managers focus on controlling and directing.
Low-level managers usually have the responsibility of:
a. if martha donates $20, is she acting in her own self-interest? explain your answer.
Answers
No, Martha is not acting in her own self-interest by donating $20.
When someone acts in their own self-interest, they prioritize their own personal gain or benefit. Donating $20 can be seen as an altruistic act, where Martha is willingly giving her money to support a cause or help others without expecting any personal gain in return.
By donating $20, Martha is demonstrating a willingness to contribute to a cause or support others in need, indicating a selfless act rather than one driven by personal gain or self-interest. Her actions align with a sense of empathy, compassion, or a desire to make a positive impact, rather than seeking direct benefits or advantages for herself.
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The us govt. Banned cigarette ads on tv and radio after january 1971. After the ban took effect you would expect that.
Answers
Answer:
the cigarettes industry would lose buisness
Many entire vocations in the United States have disappeared in the last few decades. What if the following is a possible explanation for why vocations have entirely disappeared the last few decades?
Answers
A possible explanation for the disappearance of vocations in the past decade is advancement in technology.
With advancement in technology, many jobs have become obsolete as they can be performed more efficiently by computers compared with humans. For example, there are some record keeping tasks that people were employed to carry out but with the invention of efficient technology, humans are no longer to perform this functions.
Another job that is been rendered obsolete by technology is the job of a librarian. Most of the job functions carried out by a librarian can now be carried out computers.
Technology rendering jobs obsolete increases the rate of structural unemployment. This unemployment occurs when the skill labour posses are no longer demanded for in the economy.
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Answer:
The low cost of foreign goods could cause manufacturing to be done overseas
An individual who faces a binding borrowing constraint will have a higher marginal propensity to consume compared to an individual who is unconstrained from borrowing.a. Trueb. False
Answers
True. An individual who faces a binding borrowing constraint means that they are limited in the amount of funds they can borrow to finance their consumption or investment.
This constraint could be due to their credit history, income, or other factors that affect their ability to borrow money. As a result, they will have a higher marginal propensity to consume (MPC) because they have limited access to credit and need to spend a higher percentage of their income to maintain their standard of living.
On the other hand, an individual who is unconstrained from borrowing has more flexibility in their spending habits and can adjust their consumption patterns based on their income. They can choose to save more or invest more, which would result in a lower MPC. Therefore, it is true that an individual who faces a binding borrowing constraint will have a higher MPC compared to an unconstrained individual.
In conclusion, the statement is true that an individual who faces a binding borrowing constraint will have a higher MPC compared to an unconstrained individual. This is because they have limited access to credit and need to spend a higher percentage of their income to maintain their standard of living.
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When selling a 10-year old unit in a common interest development such as condominiums, stock cooperatives, or planned developments, which form must be used
Answers
Homeowner Association Information Request can be used as a form for selling a 10-year old unit in a common interest development such as condominiums.
What is Homeowner Association Information Request form all about?The Homeowner Association Information Request form serves as a form that should be filled when one want to sell some unit in a common interest development like stock cooperatives, or planned developments.
After filling the form it will be process after some days and can also be used for planned developments.
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As you read through the draft of your message, you consider whether parts of your message should be rearranged to make your point more effective. Proofreading Evaluating Editing
Answers
Answer:
The correct answer will be "Editing".
Explanation:
Editing seems to be the process where even the letter being written is reconstructed or reconfigured to more efficiently express the letter. Arranging, modifying, as well as assembling a recorded, written, or video content for official completion, commonly by such an individual except for the producer of the content (considered as an editor).The other options in question aren't relevant to the particular circumstance. So the option available here is just the right one.