Natural selection:
A mutation in a protein-coding gene changes the amino acid sequence of a protein.
A mutation in a pseudogene changes the transcription rate of a protein.
Neutral evolution:
A mutation in a protein-coding gene does not change the amino acid sequence of a protein.
A mutation in a pseudogene produces no downstream consequences
Both natural selection and neutral evolution:
A mutation in a protein-coding gene becomes fixed in a population.
Natural selection is the process by which certain traits or characteristics become more or less common in a population over time, based on the differential survival and reproduction of individuals with those traits. This occurs because individuals with advantageous traits are more likely to survive and reproduce, passing those traits on to their offspring, while individuals with disadvantageous traits are less likely to survive and reproduce.
Over many generations, this can lead to the evolution of new traits and the adaptation of a population to its environment. Natural selection is a key mechanism of evolution and is driven by factors such as genetic variation, mutation, and environmental pressures.
"Neutral selection" is not a commonly used scientific term because it is contradictory in meaning.
In evolutionary biology, natural selection refers to the process by which advantageous traits become more common in a population over time due to their ability to increase an individual's survival or reproductive success. On the other hand, neutral evolution is a term used to describe the evolution of genetic changes that do not have a significant effect on an organism's fitness (survival or reproductive success). These neutral changes can arise from genetic drift or other non-adaptive evolutionary forces.
So, the term "neutral selection" does not make sense because selection implies that there is an advantage or disadvantage associated with a trait, while neutrality implies that there is no effect on fitness. Therefore, the term "neutral evolution" is used to describe the evolutionary process in which genetic changes occur without any effect on an organism's fitness.
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ANSWER QUICK
The increasing population growth, especially in the developing nations, leads to
Group of answer choices
increased pollution of the environment.
quicker depletion of resources.
increased competition for resources.
all of the choices.
ANSWER QUICK
The increasing population growth, especially in the developing nations, leads to
Group of answer choices
increased pollution of the environment.
quicker depletion of resources.
increased competition for resources.
all of the choices.
Answer:
all of the above.
APPUCATHON cheie and a table is Fes 2 and Fes 10 respectively. What should be the dedy producton of each of two products? (19 pts)
The dedy production of APPUCATHON cheie is Fes 2, while the dedy production of a table is Fes 10.
The dedy production of each product is determined by the abbreviations "Fes 2" and "Fes 10." These abbreviations likely represent specific units of measurement or production quantities.
Without further context or information, it is challenging to provide a detailed explanation of what these abbreviations precisely mean or represent. It is possible that "Fes" refers to a specific measurement unit or a production target set for each product.
However, based on the given information, it can be inferred that the dedy production of APPUCATHON cheie should be Fes 2, while the dedy production of a table should be Fes 10. This suggests that the required production output for APPUCATHON cheie is significantly lower compared to that of a table.
The discrepancy in dedy production quantities might be attributed to various factors such as market demand, production complexity, or resource availability.
Overall, the provided answer gives a concise response to the question by specifying the dedy production values for each product without delving into the underlying reasons or context behind these quantities.
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Describe 2 ways that carbon can get from the atmosphere to the hydrosphere
Answer:
floating up and people taking it there
Explanation:
maybe
which is not true about the autonomic nervous system (ans)? group of answer choices ans functions are involuntary.
The statement which is NOT true about the autonomic nervous system will be; The neurotransmitters will be associated with the parasympathetic system are norepinephrine. Option E is correct.
The correct neurotransmitter will associated with the parasympathetic nervous system is acetylcholine, not norepinephrine. Acetylcholine is the primary neurotransmitter which is released by the parasympathetic nerves, and it mediates the majority of the parasympathetic functions in the body.
Norepinephrine will be primarily associated with the sympathetic nervous system, which is responsible for the "fight or flight" response. In the sympathetic division, norepinephrine will be released as a neurotransmitter from the postganglionic neurons to transmit signals to a various target organs.
Hence, E. is the correct option.
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--The given question is incomplete, the complete question is
"Which statement is NOT true about the autonomic nervous system? A) The autonomic nervous system is a completely motor system. B) The functions of the autonomic system are generally involuntary and subconscious. C) The sympathetic nervous system deals with "fight or flight" response D) The parasympathetic nervous system promotes actions associated with relaxation E) The neurotransmitters associated with the parasympathetic system is norepinephrine."--
Which structure is involved in the breakdown of red blood cells?
A) liver
B) nephron
C) sweat gland
D) alveolus
In their 1919 Carnegie Institution publication, Morgan and Bridges discussed their observation that crossing over does not occur in male fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster). They confirmed this observation when they conducted a breeding experiment involving two autosomal recessive mutations they isolated in their lab. Mutations in the blistered gene (bs) produces blistered veins on the fly's wings. Mutations in the curved gene (c) produces wings that curve away from the fly's body. These two genes, bs and c are both located on chromosome II in D. melanogaster. Morgan and Bridges crossed a curved female with a blistered male and all of the F1 progeny were wild-type. They mated Fu males with F, females (sib matings) and observed only three phenotypes among the F2 progeny. Which phenotype was missing from Morgan and Bridges F2 fruit flies?
a. curved
b. blistered
c. wild type
d. blistered and curved
The phenotype missing from Morgan and Bridges' F2 fruit flies was "curved."
Based on the information provided, Morgan and Bridges conducted a breeding experiment involving two autosomal recessive mutations, blistered (bs) and curved (c), both located on chromosome II in Drosophila melanogaster. They crossed a curved female (cc) with a blistered male (bsbs) and observed that all the F1 progeny were wild-type (bs+ c+). This indicates that both mutations are recessive.
In the F2 generation, when they mated F1 males (bs+ c+) with F1 females (bs+ c+), they observed only three phenotypes among the offspring. The missing phenotype in the F2 fruit flies is "curved" (cc). This means that none of the offspring exhibited the curved wing phenotype.
The observed phenotypes in the F2 generation would be: wild type (bs+ c+), blistered (bsbs c+), and wild type (bs+ cc). The absence of the "curved" phenotype suggests that the mutation in the curved gene (c) did not segregate independently but was closely linked to the blistered gene (bs) on chromosome II, as there was no recombination between the two genes during gamete formation.
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Which of the following statements best describes cellular respiration? A. Cellular respiration occurs in animal cells, but not plant cells. B. Carbon dioxide is a reactant and oxygen is a product in the reaction. C. The process of cellular respiration stores chemical energy from food into ATP molecules. D. Cellular respiration produces glucose to maintain homeostasis in plants and animals
the answer that you are looking for is C.
Answer:
C. The process of cellular respiration stores chemical energy from food into ATP molecules.
Explanation:
What safety precautions must I take in a minerals investigation?
Wallpapers for skate boarders :))) because i love skate boarding
FOR SCHOOL SURVEY :)))
Answer:
cool thx
using the second one
Explanation:
Answer:
i think the one you have got is good
Explanation:
If Archie uses $2 worth of materials to create his scale model, how much will the materials cost for the full-sized flag? Explain your reasoning
Archie uses $2 worth of materials to create his scale model, the materials for the full-sized flag would cost $20.
Let's assume that the proportional relationship between the scale model and the full-sized flag is 1:n, where n is the scaling factor.
Since the cost of materials for the scale model is $2, we can use this information to find the cost of materials for the full-sized flag using the formula:
Cost of materials for full-sized flag = Cost of materials for scale model * n
$2 * n = Cost of materials for full-sized flag
So, if n = 10 (as stated in the original problem), the cost of materials for the full-sized flag would be:
$2 * 10 = $20.
Therefore, if Archie uses $2 worth of materials to create his scale model, the materials for the full-sized flag would cost $20.
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sutures have a little movement??
Sutures have limited mobility or slight movement within their range.
The borders of a wound or incision are frequently held together during medical operations using sutures, also known as stitches. Sutures do permit some movement, despite being designed to hold the tissues in place and encourage healing.
This slight movement is intentional and serves a few purposes. Firstly, it accommodates the natural movements of the body without placing excessive tension on the wound, which can hinder healing. Secondly, it allows for drainage of fluids and minimizes the risk of fluid accumulation.
Lastly, the slight movement of sutures assists in reducing scar formation by distributing tension along the incision line. However, it is important to note that excessive movement or tension on sutures can compromise wound healing and should be avoided.
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Quade is studying for an exam, which will cover neurons and action potentials. He has drawn a diagram that shows the segments of an axon, and he has noted that every time a segment fires, the _____ flood in from the outside of the cell, while the prior segment returns to its resting potential. Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button.
Answer: positive sodium ions
Explanation:
This relates to the Action Potential which is what a nerve cell goes through when it needs to send information down the nerve cell to another cell and so on till it gets to the destination of the message.
The information is transmitted when the segments of the axon fire and when they do, positive sodium ions come in from outside the cell to the inside thereby making the inside positive. The previous segment would return to a resting potential when potassium ions which are negative, rush into the cell.
What Can you surmise from the labeled image
Answer:
so I believe it is A
Explanation:
What is the direct cause of most earthquakes?
O Gravitational pull on bedrock by the moon
O deposition of sediment in lakes and oceans
O movement of bedrock along a fault line
O heat exchange betwęen the crust and the atmosphere
Answer:
Pretty sure it's C or B? Most likely C.
The direct cause of most earthquakes is the movement of bedrock along a fault line. Earthquakes occur when energy stored in the Earth's crust is released suddenly, causing the ground to shake. Hence option D is correct.
What is an earthquake?An earthquake is a sudden and rapid shaking of the Earth's crust caused by the breaking and shifting of rock beneath the Earth's surface. The Earth's crust is made up of tectonic plates that constantly move and interact with each other.
When these plates move against each other, they create pressure that builds up over time until the rock breaks, causing an earthquake.
This energy is released when two blocks of rock, called tectonic plates, move relative to each other along a fault.
The blocks may become stuck, and as the pressure builds up, they may suddenly slip, releasing energy in the form of seismic waves that cause the ground to shake.
The intensity and magnitude of an earthquake depend on the amount of energy released and the distance from the epicenter.
While other factors such as volcanic activity, landslides, or human activities can also cause earthquakes, movement along a fault line remains the primary cause.
Hence option D is correct.
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What are the differences between animal and plant cells?
Answer: Animal cells and plant cells have several key differences in their structure and organelles. Here are some of the main differences between animal and plant cells:
Cell Wall: Plant cells have a rigid cell wall composed of cellulose, which provides support and protection. Animal cells lack a cell wall.
Chloroplasts: Plant cells contain chloroplasts, which are responsible for photosynthesis. Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll, the pigment that captures sunlight for energy production. Animal cells do not have chloroplasts.
Vacuoles: Plant cells typically have a large central vacuole that occupies a significant portion of the cell's volume. The vacuole stores water, nutrients, and waste products. Animal cells have smaller vacuoles, if any.
Shape: Plant cells often have a fixed shape due to the presence of the cell wall. Animal cells have a more flexible shape and can change their shape as needed.
Centrioles: Animal cells have centrioles, which are involved in cell division and the organization of the cytoskeleton. Plant cells lack centrioles.
Plasmodesmata: Plant cells have plasmodesmata, small channels that connect adjacent cells, allowing for communication and transport of materials. Animal cells do not have plasmodesmata.
Lysosomes: Animal cells contain lysosomes, which are organelles involved in the digestion of waste materials and cellular debris. Plant cells have fewer lysosomes or may lack them altogether.
Cilia and Flagella: Some animal cells have structures called cilia or flagella that are involved in cell movement. Plant cells generally lack cilia and flagella, although some exceptions exist.
It's important to note that while these differences highlight general characteristics, there can be variations in cell structures between different types of animal and plant cells.
Explanation:
Which statement describes a function of the female reproductive system?
The vagina connects the ovaries to the uterus.
The ovaries produce eggs.
The uterus transports eggs to the ovaries.
The fallopian tube leads to the outside of the female body.
Answer: The ovaries produce eggs.
Explanation: Ovaries are the only thing here that produces eggs. Plus I had a quiz with a similar question and I got it right.
Answer:
The ovaries produce eggs.
Explanation:
The ovaries are small sacklike glands that are on either side of the uterus. The ovaries produces eggs and hormones.
Where are amino acids joined together?
Life processes shown by viruses if they enter a living cell
Im 13 why does it say I am in high school
if you were to move the crossbeam in the catapult how might it affect the ammunition would travel?
Potential energy is converted into kinetic energy when the arm is let off, sending the object hurtling into the air.
What kind of force did the catapult use to fire the objects?The majority of the catapults used in ancient and mediaeval artillery fired projectiles by abruptly releasing the tension on bent wooden beams or the torsion in twisted cords made of horsehair, gut, sinew, or other fibres. One exception was the gravity-driven mediaeval trebuchet.
How does a catapult function? What is it?A lever, stick, or beam that is supported by a fulcrum is a catapult (a pivoting point). If the fulcrum (the pivoting point) is closer to the force you apply to a lever than it is to the force you are applying to a
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The law of universal gravitation applies to all objects in the universe
True
False
Answer:
Explanation:
yes true the gravitational pull does ap
ply to all objects of the universe
Answer:true
Answer:
true
Explanation:
Why are certain traits adaptations in one environment, but not in another?
A. Some environments cause more mutations than other.
B. Different environments have different abiotic conditions.
C. All environments have the same amount of competition.
D.Organisms can learn new adaptations.
Answer:
B
Explanation:
All environments have different conditions to which the organisms living in that area have to adapt to.
3. Observations from The Elephant Poem
Explanation:
The blind men make observations and inferences about various parts of the elephant. However they all reach fragmentary conclusions that tell little about the bigger picture. The poem teaches us to take a robust approach to making observations from various perspectives and lenses in order to fully comprehend a concept.
Describe one characteristic of volcanic ash layers and index fossils that makes both of them good geological time markers
Answer: They are geographically widespread
Explanation: Markers of geological time refers to indicators or guide employed in the estimation and depiction of the geological time a particular rock deposit or event occurred. The markers above, the volcanic ash are particles ejected during volcanic eruption which involves the flow of very hot lava to the earth surface which cools and solidifies very rapidly. and index fossils are usually good markers of geological time because the are geographically widespread. This characteristic ensures that mapping deposits over a large geographic regions is possible due to the occurrence of these markers over a broad geographic region. Where markers do not posses wide geographic spread, it becomes very difficult to map. In addition to the above characteristics, both markers are also formed over a short period of time.
The thylakoid membrane contains a protein called atp synthase. As hydrogen ions pass through the protein, adp and a phosphate group are combined to form atp. What is the direct energy source, if any, for the movement of hydrogen ions and the formation of atp? a. The energy source is the high-energy electrons that accompany the hydrogen ions. B. The energy source is the concentration difference of hydrogen ions across the membrane. C. The energy source is a set of atp molecules that gather inside the thylakoid. D. There is no energy source; the process occurs without an energy input.
The energy source is the concentration difference of hydrogen ions across the membrane.
The photochemical and electron transport reactions of oxygenic photosynthesis occur at the thylakoid membrane. The lipid composition of the thylakoid membrane is highly conserved among oxygenic photosynthetic organisms, with two galactolipids, one sulfolipid, and one phospholipid.
The primary functions of thylakoids are to trap light energy and convert it into chemical energy forms such as ATP and NADPH. Water is oxidized and oxygen is released during this process. Inside chloroplasts and cyanobacteria, thylakoids are membrane-bound compartments. They are the site of photosynthesis's light-dependent reactions. Both stages of photosynthesis involve the chloroplast. The light reactions occur in the thylakoid.
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Which of the following statements is true of sound waves? * Sound waves are found on the electromagnetic spectrum Sound waves do not require a medium to travel through Sound waves can travel through outer space Sound waves are a kind of matter wave, which requires material in order to travel
Answer: Sound waves are a kind of matter wave, which requires material in order to travel
Explanation: sound waves travel through air, water or other matter hence they cant travel in space. Sound waves are longitudinal hence they cant be classified among the electromagnetic waves.
Answer:
Sound waves are a kind of matter wave, which requires material in order to travel
Explanation: hope this helps ;)
Because sponges lack the tissue level of organization symbiotic relationships between sponges and other creatures are unimportant. T or F?
False. Symbiotic relationships between sponges and other creatures can still be important despite their lack of tissue-level organization.
Although sponges lack tissue-level organization, they can still form symbiotic relationships with other organisms. Sponges often host various microorganisms, such as bacteria and algae, within their bodies. These symbiotic relationships can be mutually beneficial.
For example, certain bacteria living in sponges can help with nutrient uptake and provide protection against harmful microorganisms.
Additionally, some sponges have symbiotic relationships with larger organisms, such as shrimp or fish, which find shelter and food among the sponge's structure. These relationships highlight the ecological significance of sponges and demonstrate that symbiosis can occur even in organisms without tissue-level organization.
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A researcher had 15 pure bred wild mice which were all brown and all were females. They were all mated with a male called bob. All the offspring were brown. Thee were the crosses among themselves with the following results 293 brown and 115 white. Determine which colour is dominant using a Punnett square
Based on the results of the crosses among the 15 pure bred wild mice, with 293 offspring being brown and 115 offspring being white, it can be determined that brown color is the dominant trait in this population.
In this scenario, all 15 pure bred wild mice were brown, indicating that they carried the dominant allele for brown color. When these brown mice were mated with a male called Bob, who likely carried the recessive allele for white color, the offspring were all brown. This suggests that the brown color is dominant over the white color.
To confirm the dominance relationship between brown and white color, a Punnett square can be used. Since all the offspring from the crosses were brown, it indicates that the brown allele is present in all the mice, making it the dominant allele. The white color observed in 115 offspring can be attributed to the presence of two recessive alleles (one from each parent), resulting in the expression of the white phenotype.
Therefore, based on the results of the crosses and the absence of any white offspring from the initial matings, it can be concluded that the brown color is dominant, and the white color is recessive in this population of mice.
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........ provides genetic continuity from generation to generation.
a) sexual reproduction
b) fusion of gametes
c) asexual reproduction
d) meiosis
Answer:
d) meiosisExplanation:
The process of meiosis preserves genetic continuity for future offspring by ensuring that two sexually reproducing organisms produce offspring that have the same number of chromosomes as the parents.
It ensures that the offspring will be able to mate with other organisms of the same species.
the anatomical term for a muscle cell, in skeletal and smooth muscle tissues, is
The anatomical term for a muscle cell, both in skeletal and smooth muscle tissues, is myocyte.
A myocyte is a specialized cell that makes up muscle tissue. It is also known as a muscle cell. Myocytes are responsible for the contraction of muscle tissue and generate force through the movement of proteins within the cell. They have a unique structure that enables them to perform their specialized function, including the presence of many mitochondria to provide energy for muscle contraction.
Myocytes come in different forms, including skeletal and smooth muscle cells, which differ in their structure and function. Overall, myocytes are an essential component of muscle tissue and play a crucial role in many physiological processes, including movement and circulation.
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Cell Junctions help in moving up a level in the hierarchy of organization of living systems. When cell junctions from, the system goes from the cell level to the _________ level.