What are some arguments against and for the Big Bang Theory?
Answers
Answer:
Explanation:
For Big Bang Theory--Redshift of Galaxies. The redshift of distant galaxies means that the Universe is probably expanding. ...
Microwave Background. Very early in its history, the whole Universe was very hot. ...
Mixture of Elements. As the Universe expanded and cooled down, some of the elements that we see today were created. ...
Looking back in time.
The earliest and most direct observational evidence of the validity of the theory are the expansion of the universe according to Hubble's law (as indicated by the redshifts of galaxies), discovery and measurement of the cosmic microwave background and the relative abundances of light elements produced by Big Bang ...
Against Big Bang Theory--The contradictions between Big Bang theory predictions and observations are not at all limited to those that have been widely dubbed a “Crisis in Cosmology”. Despite the continuing popularity of the theory, essentially every prediction of the Big Bang theory has been increasingly contradicted by better and better data, as shown by many teams of researchers. The observations are, on the other hand, consistent with a non-expanding universe with no Big Bang. The real crisis in cosmology is that the Big Bang never happened.
Key contradicted predictions (detailed descriptions below):
1) Light elements: Lithium and Helium
Prediction: Any superhot explosion throughout the universe, like the Big Bang, would have generated a certain small amount of the light element lithium and a large amount of helium.
Observation: Yet as astronomers have observed older and older stars, the amount of lithium observed has gotten less and less, and, in the oldest stars is less than one tenth of the predicted level. The oldest stars near to us have less than half the amount of helium predicted. However, well-understood fusion processes in stars and reactions initiated by cosmic rays have accurately predicted the correct amounts of these and other light elements.
2) Antimatter-matter annihilation
Prediction: Since the intense radiation of the Big Bang would produce matter and antimatter in equal amounts, mutual annulation of particle-antiparticle pairs would reduce the surviving matter density to around 10 -17 protons/cm3.
Observation: the matter density in the universe is observed to be at least 10 -7 ions /cm3 more than 10 billion times higher than the Big Bang prediction.
Big Bang fix to prediction: To try to fix this well-known vast gap, Big Bang theorists have proposed some unknown asymmetry between matter and antimatter which would lead to more production of matter. This has never been observed in laboratory experiments. A consequence of this predicted imbalance is the decays of the proton, initially predicted to decay with a lifetime of 1030 years. Large scale experiments have contradicted this prediction was well, with no evidence of decay at all.
3) Surface-Brightness
Prediction: In any expanding universe, an optical illusion makes objects at high redshift appear larger and dimmer, so their surface brightness—the ratio of apparent brightness to apparent area—declines sharply with redshift.
Observation: Based on observations of thousands of galaxies, surface brightness is completely constant with distance, as expected in a universe that is NOT expanding.
Big Bang fix to Prediction: After observations showed that the surface brightness dimming did not occur, Big Bang theorists hypothesized that galaxies were much smaller in the distant past and have grown greatly. But observations have contradicted this fix as well, showing that there have not been enough galaxy mergers for the growth rates needed. In addition, the ultra-small galaxies hypothesized would have to have more mass in stars than total mass, an obvious impossibility.
4) Too Large Structures
Prediction: In the Big Bang theory, the universe is supposed to start off completely smooth and homogenous. Structure starts small and grows over time
Observation: As telescopes have peered farther into space, huger and huger structures of galaxies have been discovered, which are too large to have been formed in the time since the Big Bang.
This research tests a striking 1930s prediction of Big Bang hypothesis that objects at great distances should actually appear larger, not smaller. According to the hypothesis, this is because of an optical illusion due to the galaxies having been much closer when their light was emitted.
This prediction was repeated in the literature through the 1980s but in the 1990s, the Hubble Space Telescope did not confirm the prediction. Hubble’s images instead showed that the most distant galaxies do in fact look the smallest. A group of researchers then formulated an additional hypothesis that galaxies actually grow in size with time.
Many researchers, including Dr. Scarpa, have demonstrated evidence that a small modification of gravitational forces, termed MOND, could also explain the data.
Related Questions
How do I solve this problem Determine the weight of the tram. The cable at left exerts a 30,000 N force. (The tram is attached to the cable so the tension in the left cable is not necessarily equal to the tension in the right cable.)
Answers
Free body diagram:
Here, T_1 is the tension in the left cable (T_1=30000 N; given), T_2 is the tension in the right cable, W is the weight of the tram.
The force equation in horizontal direction is given as,
\(T_1=T_2\sin (75\degree)\)Therefore, the tension in right cable T_2 is given as,
\(T_2=\frac{T_1}{\sin(75\degree)}\)Substituting all known values,
\(\begin{gathered} T_2=\frac{30000\text{ N}}{\sin (75\degree)} \\ \approx31058.28\text{ N} \end{gathered}\)The force equation in the vertical direction is given as,
\(W=T_2\cos (75\degree)\)Substituting all known values,
\(\begin{gathered} W=(31058.28\text{ N})\times\cos (75\degree) \\ \approx8038.47\text{ N} \end{gathered}\)Therefore, the weight of the tram is 8038.47 N.
would you expect your experimental measurements of 8 to be more precise if you used a tuning fork with large f or small f? explain.
Answers
The precision of an experimental measurement is determined by the smallest possible increment of the measuring instrument. In the case of a tuning fork, the frequency of the fork is the quantity being measured.
If a tuning fork with a larger frequency (f) is used, the resulting oscillations will be more rapid, and the time period between successive oscillations will be shorter. Therefore, measuring the frequency of a high-frequency tuning fork requires a more precise measurement of time. This could lead to a less precise measurement of the frequency because measuring short time intervals accurately can be challenging.
On the other hand, if a tuning fork with a smaller frequency (f) is used, the resulting oscillations will be slower, and the time period between successive oscillations will be longer. Measuring the frequency of a low-frequency tuning fork is less sensitive to small variations in time measurements. Therefore, using a low-frequency tuning fork may result in more precise measurements of the frequency.
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in which circumstance do we need average measurement ?
Answers
Answer:
ExplanatioIn summary, average measurement is used to determine the central tendency of a set of data and it can be used to describe a population or sample, detect trends, patterns and deviations from expected values, and in many other circumstances where summarizing data is needed.
n:
what is the speed of a wave has a wavelength of 0.5 m/s and a frequency of 2 hz?
Answers
Answer: The equation that relates wavelength and frequency for electromagnetic waves is: λν=c where λ is the wavelength, ν is the frequency and c is the speed of light.
10/0.5=20 meter.
Explanation:
The speed of a wave has a wavelength of 0.5 m/s and a frequency of 2 hz is 0.25 m.
What is wave ?Wave is is a disturbance in a medium that carries energy as well as momentum . wave is characterized by amplitude, wavelength and phase. Amplitude is the greatest distance that the particles are vibrating. especially a sound or radio wave, moves up and down. Amplitude is a measure of loudness of a sound wave. More amplitude means more loud is the sound wave.
Wavelength is the distance between two points on the wave which are in same phase. Phase is the position of a wave at a point at time t on a waveform.
There are two types of the wave longitudinal wave and transverse wave.
Longitudinal wave : in which, vibration of the medium (particle) is parallel to propagation of the wave. Sound wave is a longitudinal wave.
Transverse wave : in which, vibration of the medium (particle) is perpendicular to propagation of the wave. Light wave is a Transverse wave.
The relation between velocity, frequency and wavelength is,
c = λν
Where λ is wavelength, ν is frequency and c is velocity.
Given,
c = 0.5 m/s
ν = 2 hz
λ = ?
Putting all the values in the equation,
0.5 = 2λ
λ = 0.5/2 = 0.25 m
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There is a train moving at 25 m/s speed and its mass is 40,000kg as in the movie spider man ropes are attached to the buildings (Assuming that the ropes do not detach from building or person holding it at any point). When the train makes contact with the rope the angle between them is 90 degrees and when the train stops, the angle made is 45 degrees.
Required:
Calculate the force applied by the rope in stopping the train.
Answers
The time taken to stop the train is provided, we can determine the exact force with this information.
force ≈ -292,920 kg·m/s / Δt
To calculate the force applied by the rope in stopping the train, we can use Newton's second law of motion, which states that the force acting on an object is equal to the rate of change of its momentum.
The momentum of an object can be calculated as the product of its mass and velocity:
momentum = mass * velocity
Given:
Train mass (m) = 40,000 kg
Train initial velocity (v_initial) = 25 m/s
To determine the force applied by the rope, we need to consider the change in momentum when the train stops. Let's calculate the initial momentum of the train:
initial momentum = m * v_initial
initial momentum = 40,000 kg * 25 m/s = 1,000,000 kg·m/s
Now, let's consider the final velocity of the train when it stops. The angle between the train and the rope is 45 degrees, which means the train's velocity is divided into two components:
one along the direction of the rope and the other perpendicular to it. Since the train stops, only the component of velocity along the rope's direction contributes to the change in momentum.
final velocity along the rope's direction (v_final) = v_initial * cos(angle)
Given:
Angle = 45 degrees
v_final = 25 m/s * cos(45 degrees) = 25 m/s * 0.707 = 17.677 m/s
Now, let's calculate the final momentum of the train:
final momentum = m * v_final
final momentum = 40,000 kg * 17.677 m/s = 707,080 kg·m/s
The change in momentum is the difference between the initial and final momenta:
change in momentum = final momentum - initial momentum
change in momentum = 707,080 kg·m/s - 1,000,000 kg·m/s = -292,920 kg·m/s
The negative sign indicates that the momentum has decreased.
Finally, we can calculate the force applied by the rope using the formula:
force = change in momentum / time
Since the time taken to stop the train is not provided, we cannot determine the exact force without this information. However, if we assume that the train stops instantaneously (i.e., the time taken is negligible), we can approximate the force as:
force ≈ -292,920 kg·m/s / Δt
Where Δt represents a very small time interval.
Therefore, without the exact time taken to stop the train, we cannot determine the precise force applied by the rope.
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An accelerator accelerates helium nuclei (charge = 2 e ) to a speed of v = 2. 09 × 10 6 m/s. What is the current if the linear density of helium nuclei is 9. 53 × 10 7 m-1?
Answers
To calculate the current, we need to find the number of helium nuclei passing through a given point per unit time. The linear density of helium nuclei (denoted by λ) is given as 9.53 × 10^7 m^(-1), which represents the number of nuclei per meter.
Since the helium nuclei are accelerated to a speed of 2.09 × 10^6 m/s, each nucleus takes a time of Δt = 1/v to pass through a given point. Therefore, the number of nuclei passing through that point per unit time is λv.
The charge of each helium nucleus is 2e, where e is the elementary charge. Thus, the total charge passing through the point per unit time is given by Q = 2e × λv.
Finally, the current (I) is defined as the rate of flow of charge, so we can write I = Q/Δt = 2e × λv / (1/v) = 2eλv^2.
Plugging in the given values, we get I = 2 × (1.6 × 10^(-19) C) × (9.53 × 10^7 m^(-1)) × (2.09 × 10^6 m/s)^2 ≈ 4.00 A.
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A metal ball has a mass of 2.05 kg and a volume of 6.8 cm. What is its density? Remember
Answers
Answer:
the density is 0.301 :)
In which situation would a space probe most likely experience centripetal acceleration?
as it revolves around a planet
as it flies straight past a moon
as it is pulled in a line toward the Sun
as it lifts off from Earth
Answers
Answer:
As it revolves around a planet
Explanation:
Earth has a gravitational force right. Well, they have different types of forces as well including centripetal force. Centripetal acceleration will be experienced by an object or a space probe when it is in a circular motion. This happens when a dark mater revolves around another darkmater in this case earth.
Answer:
The correct answer is A. :)
Explanation:
Edge 2021
a beam of electrons () has an average speed of . what is the wavelength of electrons having this average speed?
Answers
The wavelength of the electron which has a speed of 1.9 x 10⁸ m/s is 0.384 x 10⁻¹² m.
The speed of the electron = 1.9 x 10⁸ m/s
The wavelength of the electron can be found using the formula
λ = h/mv
where λ is the wavelength
h is the Planck constant
m is the mass of the electron
v is the velocity of the electron
Let us substitute the known values in the above equation,
λ = 6.636 x 10⁻³⁴ / 9.1 x 10⁻³¹ x 1.9 x 10⁸
= 6.636 x 10⁻³⁴ / 17.29 x 10⁻²²
= 0.384 x 10⁻³⁴ x 10²²
= 0.384 x 10⁻¹² m
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Which if the following activities would a physician most likely recommend to a 52-year-old patient recovering from a stroke?
running
basketball
ai chi
tennis
Answers
The following activities would a physician most likely recommend to a 52-year-old patient recovering from a stroke is c. Ai Chi
Ai Chi is a low-impact exercise that involves slow, gentle movements performed in a warm water pool. This type of exercise is ideal for stroke patients as it helps improve their range of motion, balance, coordination, and overall physical strength. Unlike running, basketball, or tennis, which are high-impact activities that may cause additional strain on the patient's body, Ai Chi provides a low-risk, safe way for stroke patients to engage in physical activity.
Moreover, the warm water used in Ai Chi can also provide therapeutic benefits, such as improving circulation, reducing muscle tension, and promoting relaxation, which can further aid in the patient's recovery process. Therefore, a physician would most likely recommend Ai Chi as an ideal activity for a 52-year-old patient recovering from a stroke. So the correct answer is c. Ai Chi.
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According to the thin-lens equation, when an object is infinitely far away from a lens, where will the image form?.
Answers
The image will form at the focal point
1/object + 1/image = 1/focal
If the object distance is infinite then the image distance equals the focal distance
14. A spoon is placed in a cup of hot
cocoa. The net flow between the
spoon and the cocoa indicates that
they ahve different
O
specific heats
O
heats of fusion
O
initial temperatures
O
melting points
Answers
Answer:
Specific heats
Explanation:
based on what you know about energy, what types of energy does the water balloon have? how would energy explain the water balloon’s behavior?
Answers
Energy is an important concept that affects us in many ways. It is the ability to do work, and it can come in many forms. When it comes to a water balloon, it has several types of energy that explain its behaviour.
Types of Energy: The water balloon has potential energy, which is stored energy due to its position or shape. This potential energy is converted to kinetic energy when the balloon is thrown. Kinetic energy is the energy of motion, so as the balloon moves, it has kinetic energy.
The balloon also has thermal energy, which is energy that comes from the temperature of the water in the balloon. As the water inside the balloon heats up, the thermal energy increases and the balloon becomes more elastic.
Behaviour: The water balloon's behaviour can be explained by the energy it contains. The potential energy it has will cause it to move when it is released, resulting in its kinetic energy. The thermal energy can cause the balloon to expand and become more elastic, making it more likely to burst when hit by an object. The combination of these energies explains why the balloon behaves the way it does.
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Thomas jefferson once suggested that the period of a simple pendulum be used to define the standard unit of length. What would be the period of a pendulum with a length of 1.0 m?
Suppose the 1.0 m pendulum were operted on the moon. What would its perod be there?
Answers
The period of a simple pendulum can be calculated using the equation:
T = 2π√(L/g)
Where T is the period, L is the length of the pendulum, and g is the acceleration due to gravity. Plugging in the values for a 1.0 m pendulum on Earth, with g = 9.81 m/s^2, we get:
T = 2π√(1.0/9.81) = 2.0064 s
Therefore, the period of a 1.0 m pendulum on Earth is approximately 2.0064 seconds.
On the moon, the acceleration due to gravity is much weaker than on Earth, with g ≈ 1.62 m/s^2. Using the same equation, we can calculate the period of the 1.0 m pendulum on the moon:
T = 2π√(1.0/1.62) = 3.137 s
Therefore, the period of the 1.0 m pendulum on the moon is approximately 3.137 seconds, which is longer than on Earth due to the weaker gravitational force.The period of a pendulum is the time it takes for the pendulum to complete one full swing, from one extreme to the other and back again. The period depends on the length of the pendulum and the acceleration due to gravity. A longer pendulum will have a longer period, while a stronger gravitational force will result in a shorter period. Therefore, the period of a pendulum can be used as a standard unit of time, which can in turn be used to define a standard unit of length. In the case of the 1.0 m pendulum on Earth, its period is approximately 2.0064 seconds, while on the moon, its period is approximately 3.137 seconds, due to the weaker gravitational force.
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Use the concept of the phasor to combine the following sinusoidal functions into a single trigonometric expression:
Part A
y(t)=y(t)= 81 cos(500t+60∘)+cos(500t+60∘)+ 67 cos(500t−30∘)cos(500t−30∘).
Express y(t)y(t) in the form y(t)=Acos(ωt+θ)y(t)=Acos(ωt+θ). Provide the values of AA, ωω (in rad/sec), and θθ (in degrees).
Answers
y(t) = 148 cos(500t + 15°); A = 148, ω = 500 rad/sec, θ = 15°. We must figure out the periodic phenomenon's amplitude, period, and vertical shift in order to create a sinusoidal function that models it.
To combine the given sinusoidal functions using the concept of phasor, we first represent each sinusoidal function as a phasor. A phasor is a complex number that represents the amplitude and phase of a sinusoidal function.
We can express the given functions as phasors:
81(cos(60°) + j*sin(60°)) and 67(cos(-30°) + j*sin(-30°))
Add the phasors:
81(cos(60°) + j*sin(60°)) + 67(cos(-30°) + j*sin(-30°)) = 124 + 24j
Then convert this sum back to the trigonometric form:
y(t) = 148 cos(500t + 15°)
The values of A, ω, and θ are A = 148, ω = 500 rad/sec, and θ = 15°
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What is the vertical acceleration of a dart that is launched horizontally with an initial velocity of 2.3 m/s
Answers
With merely a 2. 3 m/s beginning velocity, a horizontally dart launch accelerates upward at a rate of -9.8 m/s².
Describe the concept of acceleration:The rate at which speed and distance for velocity vary over time is known as acceleration. Anything is said to have been accelerated when it goes quicker or slower in a single direction.
What is an efficient case of acceleration?When an item accelerates positively, it moves more quickly than it did before. In the first instance, the moving automobile showed positive acceleration. The acceleration is accelerating in a way that is comparable with the direction in which the vehicle is speeding up and velocomotion is accelerated in a route that is compatible with the direction in which the vehicle is
Let's say a body of mass (m) is shot from a height (h) above surface of the planet. As it descends at a faster rate, it eventually reaches the ground.
Under the influence of gravity, which is acting at a distance r from the earth's core, the body begins to accelerate in that direction.
Then, ma = GMm/r²
a = GM/r²
Therefore, the value of the acceleration due to gravity (g) = GM/r2.
Any object freely falling to the surface of the earth has acceleration due to gravity is 9.8m/s².
The earth's gravitational attraction is felt by the object if it shifts away from the planet's surface. Dart's vertical acceleration is therefore equivalent to -g.
As a result, the dart's vertical acceleration is equivalent to -9.8m/s2.
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Particles q1 = -20.5 UC, q2 = -9.30 uC, and q3 = -31.6.0 uC are in a line. Particles q, and q2 are separated by 0.980 m and particles q2 and q3 are separated by 0.750 m. What is the net force on particle q2?
Remember: Negative forces (-F) will point Left
Positive forces (+F) will point Right
Answers
The net force on particle q2 can be calculated by finding the net electric force acting on it. The net electric force acting on a particle is the vector sum of the forces exerted by all the other charges on it.
The electric force between two charges q1 and q2 is given by Coulomb's law: F = k * (q1 * q2)/r^2, where k is Coulomb's constant, q1 and q2 are the charges, and r is the distance between them.
The force on particle q2 due to q1 will be:
F1 = k * (q1 * q2) / (0.980m)^2
The force on particle q2 due to q3 will be:
F2 = k * (q2 * q3) / (0.750m)^2
The net force acting on q2 will be the vector sum of F1 and F2.
Keep in mind, q1 and q3 have opposite charges, so they attract each other, while q2 has the same charge as q1, so they repel each other.
Note: The unit of charge is Coulomb (C), but in this problem you are given the charges in microCoulomb (uC) so you need to convert it to Coulomb.
which of the following best explains why mars' and venus' surface temperatures vary, despite both planets having atmospheres that contain mostly carbon dioxide?
Answers
Mars has a thin atmosphere unlike Venus hence their surface temperature varies despite both Mars and Venus having atmospheres with mostly Carbon Dioxide
Venus and Mars are the solar system's planets, and their temperatures differ. Mars has a thin atmosphere that cannot withstand much heat.
Mars is the fourth planet in the solar system, also known as the red planet . It contains less oxygen gas than carbon dioxide. It is has a thin atmosphere and is made up of various gases.
Unlike Venus, Mars' thin atmosphere cannot retain heat and instead radiates it back into space. Venus has a thick atmosphere. It traps heat and raises the surface temperature. Mars' atmospheric particles cannot store energy and thus vary in temperature.
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Compare the properties of the elements in groups 1, 2, 17, and 18.
Answers
Answer:
im not really sure, sorry
as a roller coaster car crosses the top of a 40-mm-diameter loop-the-loop, its apparent weight is the same as its true weight. for the steps and strategies involved in solving a similar problem, you may view a video tutor solution. part a what is the car's speed at the top?
Answers
The car's speed at the top is 0.6 m/s^2
The diameter of loop d = 40 mm
The radius of loop r = 20 mm = 0.02 m
At the top position, we can write,
Weight and Normal reaction combination will provide the centripetal force i.e.
R + W = mv²/R
R = W [apparent weight = Actual weight]
2W = 2mg = mv2/r
v = √2gr
v = 2 x 10 x 0.02 = 0.6 m/s^2
Hence, the car's speed at the top is 0.6 m/s^2
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Jonathan and Cody’s older brother Josh, who is pictured in the Figure below, is standing at the top of a half-pipe at Newton’s Skate Park. Gravity is exerting a downward force on the skateboard as seen in the picture. Why doesn’t it tip over the edge and start rolling down the side of the half-pipe?
Answers
Mass(9.8) will give you the force needed to move the skateboard originally
In order to begin moving a Mass (Accelaration) will solve for the force required to move the skateboard. Mass(9.8) will give you the force needed to move the skateboard originally
What is acceleration ?Acceleration can be defined as the rate of change of velocity with respect to time, is a vector quantity associated with both magnitude and direction.
Acceleration can be up two types such as Uniform and Non-uniform acceleration, in a circle where speed remains constant but the direction is changing followed by velocity changes, and the body is said to be accelerated.
The average acceleration can be defined as the total change in velocity in the given interval period of time means the total time taken for the change. For a given interval of time, it is represented as ā.
Instantaneous acceleration can be defined as the ratio of change in velocity in a given time interval such that the time interval goes to zero.
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a small bar magnet experiences a 1.70×10−2 n⋅m torque when the axis of the magnet is at 45.0∘ to a 5.00×10−2 t magnetic field. so given theta the torque and u0 we have
u0= torque / BSINTHETA
IT KEEPS COMING OUT WRONG
THE UNITS I BELIEVE ARE A*m^2 i BELIEVE. SO PLEASE SOMEONE HELP ASAP
Answers
The magnetic dipole moment of the bar magnet is approximately 0.038 A*m^2.
To calculate the magnetic dipole moment of the bar magnet, we can use the equation: μ = τ / (B sinθ)
where μ is the magnetic dipole moment, τ is the torque experienced by the magnet, B is the magnitude of the magnetic field, and θ is the angle between the magnetic field and the axis of the magnet.
Substituting the given values, we get:
\(μ = (1.70* 10^-2 N*m) / (5.00*10^-2 T * sin45°)\)
μ ≈ 0.038 A*m^2
Note that the units of magnetic dipole moment are Am^2 or J/T, which are equivalent. The units of torque are Nm, and the units of magnetic field are T, as given in the problem.
Therefore, the magnetic dipole moment of the bar magnet is approximately 0.038 A*m^2.
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A 1.3 kg book has 11.7 joules of potential energy relative to the floor when it's sitting on top of
Brenda's dresser. Calculate how tall Brenda's dresser is?
Answers
For an object moving clockwise in the standard coordinate plane, the angular momentum vector is in the z direction.
Answers
The direction of the angular momentum vector for an object moving clockwise in the standard coordinate plane depends on the axis of rotation, and is not always in the z direction.
An object moving clockwise in the standard coordinate plane, the angular momentum vector is not necessarily in the z direction.
Angular momentum is a vector quantity that depends on the mass, velocity, and position of an object. In the standard coordinate plane, the x-axis represents the horizontal direction, the y-axis represents the vertical direction, and the z-axis represents the direction perpendicular to the plane.
When an object is moving in a circular path, its angular momentum vector is generally perpendicular to the plane of motion. In other words, the direction of the angular momentum vector is determined by the axis of rotation.
If the object is rotating about the z-axis, then the angular momentum vector will be in the z direction. However, if the object is rotating about a different axis, such as the x-axis or the y-axis, then the angular momentum vector will be in a different direction.
The direction of the angular momentum vector for an object moving clockwise in the standard coordinate plane depends on the axis of rotation, and is not always in the z direction.
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A spring-loaded ballistic cart measuring 0.5 kg is in contact with a second 0.8 kg cart. The carts are
initially at rest on a level surface. The spring is released and the lighter cart is observed to move at +0.4
m/s afterward. What is the velocity of the other cart?
Answers
A spring-loaded ballistic cart is in contact with a second cart. The velocity of the other cart is 0.25 m/s.
What is the conservation of linear momentum?When there is no external force acting on the system, the initial momentum is equal to the final momentum.
Momentum is equal to the product of mass and its velocity.
According to the conservation of linear momentum,
m₁v₁ +m₂v₂ = m₁u₁ +m₂u₂
u and v represents the initial and final velocity. 1 and 2 represents the first and second cart.
Given is m₁ = 0.5 kg, m₂ =0.8kg, u₁ =u₂ =0 m/s and v₁ = 0.4 m/s.
Substituting the values in the conservation of momentum equation, we get the velocity of second cart is
0.5 x 0.4 + 0.8 x v₂ = 0.5 x 0 + 0.8 x 0
v₂ = +0.25 m/s (in the direction of first cart)
Thus, the velocity of the other cart is 0.25 m/s.
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A car is traveling with a speed of 60.5 miles per hour (mi/h). What is the car's speed in meters per second (m/s)?
Answers
The speed of 60.5 miles per hour (mi/h) expressed in meters per second (m/s) is: 27.046 m/s
To solve this problem the we have to convert the units with the given information.
Information about the problem:
v = 60.5 miles/hv(m/s) = ?1 h is equivalent to 3600 s1 mile is equivalent to 1609.34 mBy converting the velocity units from (miles/h) to (m/s) we have:
60.5 miles/h * (1609.34 m / 1 miles) * (1 h / 3600 s) = 27.046 m/s
What is unit conversion?It is the transformation of a value expressed in one unit of measurement into an equivalent value expressed in another unit of measurement of the same nature.
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A 0.04 kg honeybee circles a field looking for a flower upon which to land. The radius of the circle she travels is 2.5 m and it takes her 1.57 s to complete the circle.
Find the following:
a) Tangential Velocity
b) Centripetal Acceleration
c) Centripetal Force.
Answers
For the honeybee that circles a field looking for a flower upon which to land, we have:
a) The tangential velocity is 10.01 m/s.
b) The centripetal acceleration is 40.1 m/s².
c) The centripetal force is 1.60 N.
a) The tangential velocity can be calculated as follows:
\( v = \omega r = \frac{2\pi r}{T} \) (1)
Where:
r: is the radius of the circle = 2.5 m
ω: is the angular velocity = 2π/T
T: is the period = 1.57 s
By entering the above values into equation (1), we have:
\( v = \frac{2\pi r}{T} = \frac{2\pi 2.5 m}{1.57 s} = 10.01 m/s \)
Hence, the tangential velocity is 10.01 m/s.
b) The centripetal acceleration is related to the tangential velocity as follows:
\( a_{c} = \frac{v^{2}}{r} = \frac{(10.01 m/s)^{2}}{2.5 m} = 40.1 m/s^{2} \)
Therefore, the centripetal acceleration is 40.1 m/s².
c) The centripetal force is given by:
\( F = ma_{c} \)
Where:
m: is the honeybee's mass = 0.04 kg
\( F = ma_{c} = 0.04 kg*40.1 m/s^{2} = 1.60 N \)
Hence, the centripetal force is 1.60 N.
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) the intensity of solar radiation near the earth is 1.4 kw/m^2. what force is exerted by solar radiation impinging normally on a 5.0 m^2 perfectly reflecting panel of an artificial satellite orbiting the earth?
Answers
The force exerted by the solar radiation is Force = 4.665 × \(10^-^1^1\) N
The intensity of the given solar radiation is \(1.4 kw/m^2\) = 1.4× \(10^3\) W/m²
Given area of the panel is \(5 m^2\)
Speed of the sound is 3 × \(10^8\) m/s
Thus Pt = Total solar radiation pressure
Pt = \(2\frac{L}{c}\)
Pt = \(2\frac{1.4 * 10^-^3}{3 * 10^8}\)
which on further solving will give us :
Pt = 0.933 × \(10^-^1^1\)
Total solar radiation pressure = 0.933 × \(10^-^1^1\) Ws/m³
Force = Pressure * Area
Force = 0.933 × \(10^-^1^1\) × 5
Force = 4.665 × \(10^-^1^1\) N
The force exerted by the solar radiation is Force = 4.665 × \(10^-^1^1\) N
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6. Given cost=0 € (2): a) Determine sin28 b) Which quadrant does sin20 lie and what is the angle to the nearest tenth of a degree? Q
Answers
Since cost = 0 €, the value of sinθ will be 1. Recall that the Pythagorean identity for sine and cosine states that sin²θ + cos²θ = 1. So, sin²θ = 1 - cos²θ. Given cost=0 €,cosθ=0. Substituting cosθ = 0, we get;sin²θ = 1 - cos²θ. sin²θ = 1 - 0² = 1Therefore,sinθ = √1 = 1
This means that sin28 = 1 Since sin20 lies in the first quadrant (0° to 90°), it will have a positive value. To determine sin20, we can use a calculator or reference a trigonometric table. To the nearest tenth of a degree, sin20 is 0.3 and it lies in the first quadrant.
An identity that expresses the Pythagorean theorem in terms of trigonometric functions is known as the Pythagorean trigonometric identity, or simply the Pythagorean identity. It is one of the fundamental relations between the sine and cosine functions, along with the sum-of-angles formulas. The angle can be any real value, and the equation is s i n 2 + c o s 2 = 1. Given both the sine value and the quadrant in which the angle is located, we can use the Pythagorean identity to determine the angle of cosine.
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How does the compass react to being away from the magnetic bar?
Answers
Answer:
When you take the compass away from the bar magnet, it again points north. So, we can conclude that the north end of a compass is attracted to the south end of a magnet. ... In Experiment 2, when you move the north pole of a magnet toward the south pole of the other magnet, the two magnets attract.