What is the consequence of an unsaturated fatty acid having a double bond that is in a cis, rather than a trans, configuration?
Answers
One of the consequences of fatty acid having a double bond that is in a cis, rather than a trans, configuration can be an alteration in the charge of the molecule.
Unsaturated fatty acids, which usually contain cis double bonds, also are degraded by β-oxidation. However, additional (auxiliary) enzymes are required to act on the preexisting double bonds once they are close to the thioester group as a result of chain-shortening. In an unsaturated fatty acid, the carbon atoms on either side of the double bond can be in either a cis or a trans configuration. The higher the concentration of trans fatty acids, the more solid the fat, so oils are generally high in cis fatty acids, and margarine and lard are high in trans fatty acids. Cis and trans fatty acids are geometric isomers. Cis fatty acids have hydrogen bonds on the same side whereas in Trans fatty acids hydrogens are found on opposite sides of the carbon atoms.
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Related Questions
Which organism is not considered to be a generalist?
a) mouse
b) human
c) oak tree
d) panda
e) grass
Answers
Answer:
human, option b
Explanation:
i hope it helps you!
Your nervous system includes the brain and spinal cord
A. True
B. False
Answers
Answer: A
Explanation: The nervous system is the brain and spinal cord.
Answer:
A. True
Explanation:
which step of reparation produces the most energy for the organism?
Answers
The step of respiration which produces the most energy for the organism is the electron transport chain.
What is Respiration?This is referred to a process in living organisms involving the production of energy, typically with the intake of oxygen and the release of carbon dioxide from the oxidation of complex organic substances.
Electron Transport System generates 32 or 34 ATP molecules and is the cell's main source of energy. Thus, the electron transport system produces the most ATP in cellular respiration.
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antibodies binding to their antigen can activate complement. this, in turn, leads to opsonization of the antigen-antibody complexes. what is meant by opsonization? multiple choice clumping together of the antibody-antigen complexes. lysis of the cells bearing the antibody-antigen complexes. clumping of antibody-antigen complexes into insoluble substances. coating antibody-antigen complexes, making them more easily phagocytized by macrophages and neutrophils.
Answers
a specific kind of immune cell that can encircle and eliminate bacteria, consume foreign objects, and eliminate dead cells. It may also strengthen immunological responses. Phagocytes include monocytes, macrophages, and neutrophils. One kind of white blood cell is the phagocyte.
Opsonization is an immunological procedure in which opsonins are used to mark foreign pathogens for phagocyte eradication. The negatively charged cell walls of the pathogen and phagocyte reject one another in the absence of an opsonin, such as an antibody. Complement is a system of plasma proteins that can be activated by pathogens directly or indirectly through an antibody that is bound to the pathogen. This activation of complement causes a series of reactions to take place on the surface of pathogens, which produces active components with various effector functions. Inflammation is caused by the recruitment of immune cells, opsonization and phagocytosis by C3b deposition, bacterial lysis by C5b-9 complex formation, activation of endothelial and epithelial cells, and activation of platelets as a result of complement activation.
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A small number of birds arrive on an island from a neighboring larger island. This small population begins to adapt to the new food plants available on the island, and their beaks begin to change. About twice a year, one or two more birds from the neighboring island arrive. What effect do these new arrivals have
Answers
Answer:
The environmental variation
Explanation:
Environmental variation has a big role for their beaks to change in a size and shape , that means if the birds like the condition of the place specially birds like to eat cactus fruits that is the reason for their beak rapid change
If the grasshoppers within a specific ecosystem are unable to detect vibrations, how will it affect that ecosystem?
Answers
If the grasshoppers within a specific ecosystem are unable to detect vibrations, they will not be able to communicate among themselves and defend against predators. This may lead to the loss of grasshoppers from the ecosystem.
What is vibrational communication?Sound is carried in the form of vibrations.Insects have sensory organs which help them to detect these vibrations.They interpret these sounds to communicate with each other and navigate through the environment.Vibrational signaling is the most common form of communication in insects which detects any mechanical disturbances in the surrounding environment.Some insects are even able to sense the sound of predators, thus are able to avoid them.Like many insects, grasshoppers have a pair of tympanal organs. These organs vibrate when they catch sound waves in the air. The larvae of grasshoppers use small stiff hairs called setae to sense sound vibrations.The caterpillars react to vibrations by exhibiting defensive posture.Learn about how animals communicate here:
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analyze the movement of carbon through the abiotic and biotic parts of the carbon cycle
Answers
The movement of carbon through the abiotic and biotic parts of the carbon cycle is the following:
In the carbon cycle, carbon is moved between the four reservoirs where it is in different states:
Atmosphere, carbon is in the form of carbon dioxide (CO2) by joining with oxygen in the form of gas.
Terrestrial biosphere, carbon is found in the elements that make up terrestrial and coastal ecosystems, in non-living organic matter, and in the soil.
Oceans, carbon is part of the hydrosphere, it is found in dissolved organic carbon, in marine organisms and in non-living matter.
The water vapor produced and released into the atmosphere also promotes gas exchange with the ocean, allowing carbon to dissolve in the water, where it is fixed by photosynthetic plankton.
Sediments: carbon is part of the geosphere, excess carbon in decomposing organic matter will accumulate and sediment in the various layers of the earth's crust, where it forms fossils, hydrocarbon deposits or reactive sediments.
During photosynthesis, green plants take CO2 from the abiotic environment and incorporate the carbon into the carbohydrates they synthesize.
Part of these carbohydrates are metabolized by the same producers in their respiration, returning carbon to the surrounding environment in the form of CO2.
That is, the return of CO2 to the atmosphere occurs when living beings oxidize food while breathing, producing CO2.
Therefore, we can conclude that the movement of carbon between the abiotic environment and biotic factors (living organisms) defines the carbon cycle.
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Ischemic cell damage is caused by a lack of blood flow, which deprives cells of Multiple choice question. A) sodium ions. B) potassium ions. C) oxygen. D) carbon dioxide. E) chloride ions.
Answers
Ischemic cell damage is caused usually due to blockage in the blood vessels and causes a lack of blood flow. It causes a shortage of oxygen which is needed for cellular reactions.
What is Ischemic cell damage?Usually, Ischemic cell damage is caused due to any blockage in the artery generally due to atherosclerosis.
Atherosclerosis causes the accumulation of plaque in the artery which is a hard and sticky substance made up of fat.
This plaque causes blockage and restricts the blood flow. It also causes the deprivation of oxygen to the cells.
Thus, the correct option is C.
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Please help! skin melanocytes produce the protein melanin, which gives the skin pigment. muscle cells do not produce melanin. which statement explains this difference between skin melanocytes and muscle cells?
A. muscle cells rely on rna, while melanocytes rely on dna.
B. melanocytes and muscle cells express different genes.
C. muscle cells destroyed the gene for melanin, but melanocytes did not.
D. melanocytes contain different genes from muscle cells
Answers
Answer:
The correct answer is B. "Melanocytes and muscle cells express different genes."
Although all cells in an organism (such as a human) contain the same DNA, different cell types express different sets of genes. Gene expression is the process by which specific genes are activated to produce a needed protein. In this case, the gene responsible for melanin production is expressed in melanocytes, but not in muscle cells.
This does not mean that muscle cells have destroyed the gene for melanin (as stated in option C) or that melanocytes contain different genes from muscle cells (as stated in option D). All cells within an organism contain the same genes, but not all genes are expressed in every cell. The process of gene expression is regulated by the cell to ensure that each cell type functions properly.
Option A is also incorrect because all cells, including both muscle cells and melanocytes, rely on both DNA (for storing genetic information) and RNA (for transmitting that information and producing proteins). DNA is transcribed into RNA, which is then translated into proteins. This process occurs in all cells.
The statement explains the difference between skin melanocytes and muscle cells is - melanocytes and muscle cells express different genes. So option b is correct.
Melanocytes are dark, dendritic-shaped, highly differentiated cells that secrete melanin, a pigment found in melanosomes, which is the primary function of melanocytes.
Melanocytes are a type of cell derived from the neural crest. They form a synapse with keratinocytes through their dendrites in the epidermis. Melanocytes play an important part in skin pigmentation and their role in the generation and distribution of melanin has been extensively studied.
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A mutualism is an ecological relationship between two species.
a. True
b. False
Answers
Mutualism is an ecological connection between two or more species when each species benefits in some way from the interaction. Mutualism is an illustration of a typical ecological relationship.
The most frequent definition of mutualism is that it refers to interactions between members of different species that are advantageous to both parties, which displays the positive characteristics of the results of those interactions. Nevertheless, a more exact definition of mutualism is an interaction between individuals of various species that has a positive impact on per capita reproduction and/or survival of the interacting populations. Whereas only one partner species can give mutualistic benefits in species-specific mutualisms, several different species can do so in generalized mutualisms.
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_______________ survivorship curves are usually associated with organisms that have high mortality rates in the early stages of life.
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Type III survivor-ship curves are usually associated with organisms that have high mortality rates in the early stages of life. It is initially very steep which is reflective of very high morality among young but flattens out those individuals who reach maturity survive for longer time.
The number of individuals in population that can be expected to survive to any specific age. A type III survivorship curves depicts species where few individuals will live to adulthood and die as they get older because the greatest morality only for those individuals is experienced in life,
This type of survivorship curve is drawn as a concave curve on a graph. Tree and marine invertebrates exhibits a type III curve. Type I survivorship curve is most common and has flat curve reflects low juvenile mortality with individual living to old age.
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What type of metamorphosis does a monarch butterfly undergo?
1. complete metamorphosis
2. incomplete metamorphosis
Answers
Answer:
1. complete metamorphosis
Answer:
Complete Metamorphosis
Explanation:
This means that there are four distinct stages: an egg, larva (caterpillar), pupa (chrysalis), and adult stage.
What is unusual about the choice of Streptococcus lactis (now Lactococcus lactis) as the model organism in this study
Answers
The choice of Streptococcus lactis (now Lactococcus lactis) as the model organism is unusual because it is a bacterium that is primarily used in the dairy industry for fermented dairy products, such as cheese and yogurt.
This bacterium is not typically studied as a model organism in scientific research, but it has certain characteristics that make it an attractive model organism for studying the basic molecular mechanisms of gene regulation and metabolism. These characteristics include its ease of cultivation and manipulation in the laboratory, its well-characterized genetics and biochemistry, and its ability to produce a wide range of useful compounds, such as enzymes and antibiotics.
A lactic acid bacteria known as Lactococcus lactis (formerly Streptococcus lactis) is well-known for its importance in the dairy industry, especially the manufacturing of cheese and fermented milk products. A gram-positive, facultatively anaerobic, non-spore-forming, catalase-negative, and cocci-shaped bacterium belonging to the genus Lactococcus has a short genome of about 2.4 Mb.
A bacteria called Lactococcus lactis uses homolactic fermentation to produce energy. In the absence of oxygen, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) transforms the pyruvate that is produced by the fermentation of glucose by Lactococcus lactis into lactic acid. As a result, the process is homolactic, which means that the sole waste produced is lactic acid. Since other lactic acid bacteria, like Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus lactis, are unable to perform it, it is specific to this species.
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what was berrys best bee friends name in the bee movie?
Answers
Answer:
Adam Flayman
Explanation:
Barry B. Benson, an idealistic honey bee who has the ability to talk to humans, has recently graduated from college and is about to enter the hive's Honex Industries honey-making workforce with his best friend Adam Flayman.
Answer:
but just wanna say that I hope u have a nice day
Explanation:
Yupp
if the phenotypes of both alleles are exhibited in the heterozygote, the alleles must be what type of alleles?
Answers
Answer:
codominant alleles
Explanation:
Give an example or describe how WATER QUALITY can be impacted by the Water Cycle in an Aquatic Environment
Answers
Answer:
the water cycle can cause some waters that come from a polluted source to be cycled into aquatic enviroment lowering life quality for the inhabitants. at least i think so
Explanation:
While the neurology resident, Dr. Takahashi, was performing her examination, Sally asked her what a nerve was made of exactly. Which of the following statements is true regarding the cellular structure of a neuron? The neurology resident told Sally that axons of neurons make up the nerves that transfer information between the PNS and CNS. The neurology resident told Sally that the cell body, or some, made up the nerves and that this structure was what allowed the signal to travel between the CNS and PNS. The neurology resident told Sally that neurons and their dendrites, which send and reccive signals, made up the nerves and that the information was transported only from the PNS to the CNS. The neurology resident told Sally that neurons and their dendrites, which send and receive signals, made up the nerves and that the information was transported only from the CNS to the PNS.
Answers
The statement that is true regarding the cellular structure of a neuron is; The neurology resident told Sally that neurons and their dendrites, which send and receive signals, made up the nerves and that the information was transported only from the PNS to the CNS. Option A is correct.
This statement accurately describes the composition of nerves and the direction of information transmission. Neurons, which consist of a cell body, dendrites, and an axon, are the basic building blocks of the nervous system. Dendrites receive signals from other neurons, while the axon transmits signals to other neurons.
Nerves, on the other hand, are composed of bundled axons of neurons and are responsible for transmitting information between the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and the central nervous system (CNS). The information flow typically occurs from the PNS to the CNS.
Hence, A. is the correct option.
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--The given question is incomplete, the complete question is
"While the neurology resident, Dr. Takahashi, was performing her examination, Sally asked her what a nerve was made of exactly. Which of the following statements is true regarding the cellular structure of a neuron? A) The neurology resident told Sally that axons of neurons make up the nerves that transfer information between the PNS and CNS. B) The neurology resident told Sally that the cell body, or some, made up the nerves and that this structure was what allowed the signal to travel between the CNS and PNS. C) The neurology resident told Sally that neurons and their dendrites, which send and receive signals, made up the nerves and that the information was transported only from the PNS to the CNS. D) The neurology resident told Sally that neurons and their dendrites, which send and receive signals, made up the nerves and that the information was transported only from the CNS to the PNS."--
Without the skeletal system, the body could not carry oxygen in the blood.
Please select the best answer from the choices provided.
ОТ
OF
Answers
Answer:
t
Explanation:
Without the skeletal system, the body could not carry oxygen in the blood. The given statement is true.
What is skeletal system?
The skeletal system in the body is composed of muscle tissue, ligaments, and bone. It is in the bone marrow that hematopoiesis (development of blood cells) occurs. These hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) from red bone marrow differentiate into erythrocytes, platelets, and lymphocytes. Bone marrow is found in the connective tissue interior of bones.
In a healthy person, the concentration of oxygen also called O₂ saturation in arterial blood is in the order of 97 and 100%, both at rest and during exercise.The concentration of oxygen in blood is a parameter that depends on proper respiratory function, and varies according to whether the blood is arterial or venous, where this percentage is lower.
Therefore, Without the skeletal system, the body could not carry oxygen in the blood. The given statement is true.
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infrared observations are used to determine the mass of asteroids because
Answers
Infrared observations are used to determine the mass of asteroids because they help to accurately measure an asteroid's size and surface properties, which are essential for calculating its mass.
Infrared observations, through telescopes like the Spitzer Space Telescope or NEOWISE, provide data on the emitted and reflected infrared radiation from asteroids. This data allows scientists to determine the asteroid's size, albedo (reflectivity), and surface composition.
By combining this information with other observations, such as an asteroid's orbit and gravitational interactions, scientists can calculate its density, and ultimately, its mass.
Infrared observations play a crucial role in determining asteroid masses, as they offer detailed information about their size and surface properties, which are essential factors in mass calculation.
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Sejak bilakah mereka berkawan?
Answers
The brain relies on the cochlea to differentiate between 2 different sounds how (how does auditory processing occur)?
Answers
The cochlea is an important part of auditory processing, as it helps the brain differentiate between different sounds. When sound waves enter the ear, they travel through the ear canal and vibrate the eardrum. These vibrations are then transmitted to the cochlea, which is a small, spiral-shaped organ in the inner ear.
The cochlea contains tiny hair cells that are sensitive to different frequencies of sound. When sound waves enter the cochlea, these hair cells are activated and send signals to the brain through the auditory nerve. The brain then processes these signals and uses them to differentiate between different sounds.
For example, if you hear a high-pitched sound and a low-pitched sound at the same time, your brain will be able to differentiate between the two and identify them as separate sounds. This is because the hair cells in the cochlea are sensitive to different frequencies of sound and can transmit this information to the brain.
In summary, auditory processing occurs through a complex series of events that involve the cochlea, hair cells, and the brain. The brain relies on the cochlea to differentiate between different sounds and uses this information to interpret the world around us.
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According to the empirical review by Litenfeld and colleagues (2005). Which of the following research evidence is MOST aligned with the predispositional model on the relationship between personality and eating disorder? One study found that perfectionism assessed during the senior year of high school predicted the development of bulimic symptoms during the freshman year in college A prospective study of individuals hospitalized for anorexia nervosa found that lower levels of perfectionism, specifically, was associated with better response to treatment and better outcome at follow-up. A large, multi-site genetic study of eating disorders found that mothers of anorexic probands and fathers of probands with restricting-type anorexia nervosa specifically had elevated levels of perfectionism compared to control parents. One study found that neuroticism decreased and extraversion increased after weight restoration among individual with anorexia nervosa.
Answers
The most aligned research evidence with the predisposition model on the relationship between personality and eating disorder is that mothers of anorexic probands and fathers of probands with restricting-type anorexia nervosa specifically had elevated levels of perfectionism compared to control parents.
An eating disorder is a mental illness characterized by abnormal eating behaviors. Anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge-eating disorder are the most common eating disorders. According to the empirical review by Linenfold and colleagues (2005), which research evidence is most aligned with the predisposition model on the relationship between personality and eating disorder.
According to the empirical review by Linenfold and colleagues (2005),An eating disorder is a mental illness characterized by abnormal eating behaviors. the most aligned research evidence with the predisposition model on the relationship between personality and eating disorder is that mothers of anorexic probands and fathers of probands with restricting-type anorexia nervosa specifically had elevated levels of perfectionism compared to control parents.
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which list of groupings, also called taxons, is in descending order, from most inclusive to least inclusive? some lists may be missing some of the intermediate taxons.please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button.answer choiceskingdom, class, family, genus, speciesclass, family, species, order, phylumphylum, class, order, genus, familydomain, phylum, family, class, speciesfamily, order, class, species, genus
Answers
The correct answer is "domain, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species." This is known as the hierarchical classification system, which is used to organize and categorize living organisms based on their characteristics and evolutionary relationships.
The most inclusive group is the domain, which encompasses all living organisms and is divided into three groups: Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya.
The next level is the phylum, which includes groups of organisms that share certain characteristics, followed by class, order, family, genus, and species.
In descending order, the taxons would be Domain, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, and Species.
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The template strand of DNA has a sequence as follows: 3°- CCA GGT TGC-S*. If a point mutation occurred that changed the third nucleotide in the sequence to guanine, what type of point mutation would it be classified as?
a. Silent
b. Nonsense
c. Missense
d. Frameshift
Answers
If a point mutation occurred that changed the third nucleotide in the sequence to guanine, this type of point mutation is classified as C, a missense mutation.
What is point mutation?A point mutation is a type of genetic mutation that affects a single nucleotide base pair in DNA. It occurs when a single nucleotide base in the DNA sequence is replaced with a different nucleotide base.
Missense mutation changes the codon from CCC (coding for proline) to CCG (coding for proline as well), resulting in a different amino acid at the corresponding position in the protein sequence.
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Find the odd one out on the basis of not having cellular structure.
a) Bacteria
b) Protozoa
c) Virus
d) Fungi
Answers
option C virus
All the prokaryotes have a cell structure that includes nucleus, Golgi apparatus and ribosomes. prokaryotes survive in nature on their own or inside the body of the host. Viruses, on the other hand, lacks cellular structure and only consists of the genetic material which is multiplied by using host cell machinery
Stakes have been set 50 feet apart. There is a 1 foot rise from stake 1 to stake 2 Determine the percent slope. Is it nearly level, gently sloping, sloping, or is it moderately steep?
Answers
Answer: I'd say Gently sloping, if not then nearly level cause the slope is 2%
Explanation: rise over run times 100= percentage slope
Lsd and ecstasy influence the operation of the neurotransmitter ________ in the brain. serotonin
Answers
LSD and ecstasy influence the operation of the neurotransmitter Serotonin in the brain.
Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that is influenced by LSD and ecstasy.
LSD interacts with the neurotransmitter Serotonin which helps the brain cells to communicate with each other.
LSD has hallucinogenic effects on the brain which is used to treat many medical conditions like Headache and Migraine.
Serotonin play a vital role in regulating the behavioral aspect including the sleep, mood and pain in the human body.
Serotonin prevent the de attachment of the LSD molecule.
Ecstasy or MDMA causes the release of serotonin more as compared with dopamine.
MDMA cause the elevation of the mood according to the experience of the people.
It provides a great feeling of joy by causing the release of neurotransmitter.
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If the mRNA codon had the sequence GUA, what would the complementary anti-codon sequence be?
CAT
CAU
TAC
Answers
QUICK PLEASE!What is the process of seafloor spreading? Explain and please keep it short
Answers
Answer:
Explanation:
i dont rememer exactly but it has sompthing to do with plate tectonics and ocenan vents releasing magma and making more ground
Fruit flies have 3 chromosomes plus sex chromosomes (X and Y). Mutations occurred within four different cells of an
individual female fruit fly as shown in the table below.
Which of these mutations could be passed on to the offspring of this fruit fly?
Group of answer choices
yellow body
leg-shaped antennae
curly wings
absent eyes
Answers
Answer:
Its either curly wings or yellow body
Explanation: