In the electrophilic aromatic substitution through iodination, the role of NaI is to generate the electrophile I+ and the role of NaOCl is to oxidize the vanillin to form the electrophilic species. The role of sodium thiosulfate in the work-up is to remove any remaining iodine in the reaction mixture.
The electrophilic aromatic substitution through iodination involves the use of sodium iodide (NaI) and sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) as the reactants.
NaI serves as a source of iodine and generates the electrophile I+ which is an important component of the reaction. NaOCl oxidizes vanillin to form the electrophilic species. The reaction takes place in the presence of an acid catalyst and an organic solvent such as ethanol.
After the reaction, sodium thiosulfate is used in the work-up of the reaction. Sodium thiosulfate acts as a reducing agent and reacts with any remaining iodine in the reaction mixture to form harmless sodium iodide and sodium tetrathionate.
This helps to remove any unreacted iodine and prevents it from interfering with subsequent reactions or causing harm to the environment.
Overall, the role of each reactant in the transformation is to contribute to the formation of the electrophilic species and aid in the electrophilic aromatic substitution.
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A gaseous hydrogen is stored at 500 Bar and 25 oC in a composite storage with an internal volume of 220 liters. Determine the mass of the hydrogen in the tank. Use a compressibility factor Z
The mass of the hydrogen gas in tank, given the data is 6.17 Kg
Data obtained from the questionPressure (P) = 500 Bar = 500 × 0.986923 = 493.4615 atmTemperature (T) = 25 °C = 25 + 273 = 298 K Volume (V) = 220 L Gas constant (R) = 0.0821 atm.L/Kmol Compressibility factor (z) = 1.45Molar mass of hydrogen gas = 2.016 g/molMass of hydrogen gas (m) =? How to determine the mass
PV = znRT
Divid both sides by zRT
n = PV / zRT
but
mole (n) = mass (m) / molar mass (M)
Thus,
m / M = PV / zRT
m = MPV / zRT
m = (2.016 × 493.4615 × 220) / (1.45 × 0.0821 × 298)
m = 6169 g
Divide by 1000 to express in Kg
m = 6169 / 1000
m = 6.17 Kg
Complete question
A gaseous hydrogen stored at 500 Bar and 25°C in a composite storage with an internal volume of 220 liters. Determine the mass of the hydrogen in the tank. Use a compressibility factor Z = 1.45
3.06 kg
6.17 kg.
13.0 kg
5.05 kg
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A 1M solution of NaCl (aq) is represented in the particle diagram. Which of the following diagrams best represents a 1M solution of CaCl2 (aq), assuming that the volumes of the solutions represented are equal?
The image that would show one mole of the calcium chloride is option A
What is an ionic solution?A solution called an ionic solution has ions as the solute particles. Ions are atoms or molecules that have either received or lost one or more electrons, leaving them with a net electrical charge.
The solute ions in an ionic solution are often salts, acids, or bases that have dissolved in a liquid, such water.
We know that in calcium chloride, there is one calcium ion and then two chloride ions making a total of three ions as we can see in the image in option A.
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how come everytime my mom yells at me i feel myself drift more and more away from life
Answer:oml felt
Explanation:
I'm sorry tho
Answer:
800-273-8255
Explanation:
here is the sui cide hotline number
Ba(ClO3)2 → ____ + 3O2
In one or two sentences, identify the type of reaction that is occurring and identify the other product. Based on the subscripts of the elements in the other product and the fact that chlorine has seven valence electrons, determine the number of electrons in barium’s (Ba) outer shell.
The type of reaction is decomposition reaction.
The other product is barium chloride BaCl₂
The number of electrons in barium's outer shell is 2.
The type of reaction that that is occurring is decomposition reaction. The other product formed along with oxygen molecule is barium chloride.
The chemical equation can be represented as follows:
Ba(ClO₃)₂ → BaCl₂ + 3O₂
From the reaction above Barium chlorate decompose to form Barium chloride and 3 moles of oxygen molecules.
Base on the subscripts of the elements in the product BaCl₂, it shows barium has 2 electron in the outer shell/valency electrons.
It gives 2 of this outer electron to the 2 atoms of chlorine. Each chlorine atom takes each of the given electron from barium to fulfil the octet rule.
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what does the distance traveled by each component on the paper strip in paper chromatography depend on
Answer:
PLZ FOLLOWING ME.........................
Attenda
Young green sea turtles often eat jellyfish. After the
sea turtle swallows this jellyfish, the sea turtle's
esophagus will move the jellyfish into the stomach.
Which statements about the stomach are true? Select all that apply.
Most nutrient particles are absorbed by tiny blood vessels in the stomach.
The stomach can store partially digested food.
After food leaves the stomach, it enters the small intestine.
The stomach produces digestive chemicals that break down food.
Explanation:
after the food leaves the stomach it enters the small intestine
Answer:
after the food leaves the stomach it enters the small intestine
Explanation:
Sodium Sulfide Na2S is made by the following reaction Na2SO4(s)+4C(s) -> Na2S (s) +4CO (g). Consider a reaction mixture of 15.0g sodium sulfate and 7.50 g of carbon. What mass of Na2S is produced? Which reactant is the limiting reactant? Excess reactant?
The question gives us the reaction to produce sodium sulfide (Na2S) from sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) and carbon (C) and provides the amount of reactants used (15.0 g of Na2SO4 and 7.50 g of C), asking the limiting reactant, the excess reactant and the amount of Na2S produced.
\(Na_2SO_4\mleft(s\mright)+4C\mleft(s\mright)\to Na_2S(s)+4CO(g)\)I) The first step for this type of question is checking if the given equation is balanced. For this case, we don't need to adjust the coefficients as the equation is already balanced.
II) Next, we need to calculate the molar mass of the compounds we'll be using. To calculate the molar mass, I'll be using the following atomic masses and considering the number of each atom in the molecules:
Na: 22.99 u
S: 32.07 u
O: 15.99 u
C: 12.01 u
Now, we can calculate the molar mass of Na2SO4, C and Na2S:
Na2SO4: molar mass = (2 * 22.99) + (1 * 32.07) + (4 * 15.99) = 142.01 g/mol
C: molar mass = (1 * 12.01) = 12.01 g/mol
Na2S: molar mass = (2 * 22.99) + (1 * 32.07) = 78.05 g/mol
iii) The third step is to convert the masses given for Na2SO4 and C into the correspondent number of moles using the molar mass of these compounds:
\(n=\frac{mass\text{ (g)}}{molar\text{ mass (g/mol)}}\)\(n_{Na2SO4}=\frac{15.0g}{142.01g/mol}=0.106\text{ mol}\)\(n_C=\frac{7.50g}{12.01}=0.624\text{ mol}\)IV) On the forth step, we must define the limiting reactant for this reaction considering the amounts used of each one and the stoichiometric coefficients:
1 mol Na2SO4 reacts with 1 mol C
0.106 mol Na2SO4 reacts with...?
Solving this calculation, we have that we would need 0.106 mol of C to react with 15.0 g of Na2SO4. Since we there are 0.624 mol of C available to react, we can conclude that carbon is the reactant in excess (there is an excess of 0.518 mol) and sodium sulfate is the limiting reactant.
V) At last, we can calculate the amount of Na2S produced from the limiting reactant amount used (0.106 mol of Na2SO4) and the stoichiometric coefficients:
1 mol Na2SO4 ----------1 mol Na2S
0.106 mol Na2SO4 ---- y
Solving for y, we have that 0.106 mol of Na2S will be produced.
vWe can convert this amount into mass of Na2S using its molar mass:
\(n_{Na2S}=\frac{m}{M}\rightarrow m_{Na2S}=n_{Na2S}\times M_{Na2S}\rightarrow m=0.106\text{ mol }\times78.05\text{ g/mol = 8.27 g}\)In summary:
Na2SO4 is the limiting reactant and there is an excess of 0.518 mol or 6.22 g of C;
8.27 g of Na2S will be produced from 15.0 g of Na2SO4.
Imagine the movement of a single gas molecule
inside a container. Explain the particle's motions in
terms of kinetic-molecular theory.
According to the kinetic theory, the molecules of a gas are in constant random motion and collide with the walls of the container.
We know that a gas has no specific volume, owing to the fact that the molecules of a gas do not experience significant intermolecular interaction, a gas molecule moves at very high velocity.
Hence, according to the kinetic molecular theory, a single gas molecule moves at high velocity and frequently collides with the walls of the container.
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Answer:
Edge 2021
Explanation:
Gas particles act like tiny, solid spheres.
Gas particles are in constant, random motion.
Gas particles obey Newton’s laws of motion.
Faster particles collide more often and with more force.
Collisions are elastic, there is no energy lost as the particle hits the sides.
the term used to denote concentration of electrolytes in a given volume is
The term used to denote the concentration of electrolytes in a given volume is "molarity".
Molarity-
Molarity is the number of moles of solute dissolved in one liter of the solution. Molarity is the most widely used concentration metric in chemistry, and it is frequently denoted by "M." It denotes the amount of solute in moles per liter of solution.
A solution's molarity can be calculated using the following formula:
Molarity = moles of solute / liters of solution
Molarity is often used to express the concentration of a solution's electrolytes because electrolytes break into ions when dissolved in a solvent, allowing for electrical conductivity.
Molarity can be used in other applications, such as stoichiometry, which involves determining how much of one compound is required to react completely with another.
Molarity is a useful tool for solving problems that involve chemical reactions since the number of moles of a substance is frequently used to establish reaction ratios, limit reactants, and determine the theoretical yield.
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Too much or too little of any physical or chemical factor can prevent the growth of a population, even if all other factors are at or near the optimum conditions. What is this ecological principle?.
Even if all other elements are at or close to the ideal range of tolerance, the limiting factor principle states that too much or too little of any physical or chemical factor can restrict or prevent population increase. Some species have a remarkable capacity for population growth.
Even when all other elements are at or close to their ideal levels, too much or too little of any physical or chemical factor might stop population increase. This ecological principle, what is it?
Food, water, habitat, and mates are the typical ecological limiting variables. The carrying capacity of an environment will depend on the accessibility of these elements. Demand for food increases along with population growth. Given the scarcity of food, organisms will start vying for it.
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isotopes with an even number of both protons and neutrons are generally stable. true or false
The statement "Isotopes with an even number of both protons and neutrons are generally stable" is TRUE.
Isotopes with an even number of protons and neutrons are known as isotopes. A single element can have a different number of neutrons; such elements are known as isotopes. A nucleus containing a different number of neutrons will have a different mass number than the element's standard atomic number since the mass number is equal to the number of neutrons plus the number of protons in the nucleus.
There are 275 isotopes recognized for 81 stable elements, while there are 50 isotopes for elements that are radioactive and occur naturally.
Isotopes with an even number of both protons and neutrons tend to be more stable, as the strong nuclear force and the electromagnetic force in a nucleus cancel out, causing a more stable nucleus. The vast majority of stable elements have a nearly equal number of neutrons and protons, though there are some exceptions, such as beryllium-8 and helium-3.
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A system releases 7.3 kJ of heat while 1.7 kJ of work is done on it. Calculate ΔE.
The system's internal energy (E) changed by -9 kJ.
Calculation-The heat (q) introduced to the system minus the work (w) performed by the system equals the change in internal energy of a system (E), according to the first law of thermodynamics:
ΔE = q - w
In this instance, the system produces 1.7 kJ of work while releasing 7.3 kJ of heat (q = -7.3 kJ). When we enter these values into the formula above, we obtain:
ΔE = -7.3 kJ - 1.7 kJ = -9 kJ
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How many molecules is 6.11 moles of Zn?
The answer is 0.015295197308045
We assume you are converting between moles Zinc and gram. You can view more details on each measurement unit: molecular weight of Zinc or grams The molecular formula for Zinc is Zn
1.50 g of aluminium reacted with 35.0 cm3 of 1.00 mol dm–3 solution of copper(II) chloride, and 1.98 g of solid product was collected by filtration. Calculate the percentage yield for this reaction.
Answer:
89.2%
Explanation:
The reaction of Al with CuCl₂ is:
2Al(s) + 3CuCl₂(aq) → 2AlCl₃(aq) + 3Cu(aq)
Assuming the reaction occurs until limiting reactant is over, we must find limiting reactant:
Moles Al -Molar mass: 26.98g/mol-
1.50g Al * (1mol / 26.98g) = 0.0556 moles
Moles CuCl₂:
35cm³ = 0.035L * (1.00mol / L) = 0.035 moles
For a complete reaction of Al there are necessaries:
0.0556 moles Al * (3 moles CuCl₂ / 2 moles Al) = 0.0834 moles of CuCl₂
As there are just 0.035 moles of CuCl₂, CuCl₂ is limiting reactant.
The solid produced is Cu, the theoretical mass of Cu is:
0.035 moles CuCl₂ * (3 moles Cu / 3 moles CuCl₂) = 0.035 moles Cu
0.035 moles Cu * (63.546g / mol) = 2.22g Cu
As actual yield was 1.98g, percentage yield is:
1.98g Cu / 2.22g Cu * 100 =
89.2%
Which gas property in the chart above is extensive and cannot be used to identify the gas?
Answer:
gas
Explanation:
gas cant be aditanified as a gas if this is not right i am so sorry.
How should a segregated heterogeneous material be sampled in order to construct a representative sample
First, separate them into homogenous units and then randomly select representative samples from each unit.
Heterogeneous population and samplingIn order to sample a heterogenous population or material and we want the sample to be representative of the population or material:
The material should first be separated into homogenous unitsEach unit can then be randomly sampled or any other sampling method that is unbiasedMore on heterogeneous populations can be found here: https://brainly.com/question/1068437?referrer=searchResults
Name the following straight-chain Alkanes (picture)
Answer:
I don't know about the rest but A is heptane
which type of test should be used to determine if lab 1 is reporting lower cholesterol levels, on average, than lab 2?
A cholesterol test is a blood test that quantifies your blood's levels of cholesterol and certain fats. Every cell in your body, including the ones that make up your blood, contains cholesterol, a waxy, fatty-like substance.
What are the most common chemistry tests?Elevated blood ammonia (BUN) and creatinine are measured during kidney function testing, often known as renal panels. Aspartate analyzer (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), transaminase (AST), bilirubin, albumin, and total protein are all measured in liver function tests.
Why are lab tests necessary?In patients suffering from viral infections or immunological disorders, scientific tests are particularly helpful in establishing a diagnoses, predicting clinical symptoms, and tracking disease progression. In the management of diseases, timely diagnostic evaluation and the use of accurate tests are crucial.
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What is the number of neutrons in silicon-30
Answer:
16 neutrons
Explanation:
As the moon orbits the ______________, its gravitational pull is______________ on the side of the earth closest to the ______________.This ______________ force pulls on the water facing the moon,creating a ______________. The moon also ______________ on the solidearth, causing the water on the far side of earth to ______________as well. These bulges in the water are the ______________.The areas in between the close and far side of the earth which are not in ______________ with the moon experience ______________.
pls help i give brainlyest
Answer:
Earth
Strongest
Moon
Gravitational
Tide
Pulls
Bulge
Waves
Proximity
Low Tide
Order the steps in the scientific method.
Plan an investigation
Interpret data
Form hypothesis
Draw a conclusion
The ordered steps of the scientific method include forming a hypothesis, planning an investigation, interpreting data, and drawing a conclusion.
What is the scientific method?The scientific method is a series of sequential steps to obtain scientific evidence. i.e., evidence from a given aspect of the real world, which is used to draw final conclusions.
This empirical evidence is characterized to be testable, which means we can obtain the same result by applying the same experimental and/or observation procedures.
In conclusion, the ordered steps of the scientific method include forming a hypothesis, planning an investigation, interpreting data, and drawing a conclusion.
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Answer:
1. Form hypothesis
2. Plan an investigation
3. Interpret data
4. Draw a conclusion
Explanation:
hope this helps :)
active transport is used to move solutes against the concentration gradient.
true
false
True. active transport is used to move solutes against the concentration gradient.
Active transport is a cellular process that uses energy to move solutes against their concentration gradient, from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration. This process requires the input of energy in the form of ATP (adenosine triphosphate) to drive the movement of molecules against their concentration gradient.
By utilizing specialized transport proteins embedded in the cell membrane, active transport allows the movement of ions, molecules, or other substances across the membrane against the natural flow dictated by diffusion. This mechanism enables the cell to maintain concentration gradients and perform essential functions such as nutrient uptake, ion transport, and waste removal.
In contrast, passive transport processes, such as simple diffusion or facilitated diffusion, move solutes along their concentration gradient, from higher to lower concentrations, without requiring energy expenditure. Active transport is a vital mechanism for maintaining homeostasis and ensuring the proper functioning of cells and organisms.
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First Name * hey can some one help
lexi
Last Name *
tomson
Hour
1
2
3
5
7
8
What is density? *
1 point
How much space something takes up
How many particles are in a given space
How much something weighs
What color something is
If something is more dense, what does that mean? *
1 point
The particles are closer together
The particles are further apart
It weighs more
It weighs less
As the air molecules in the balloon and bottle warmed up what happened? *
1 point
They got closer together
They spread further apart
They didn't change at all
The same principles of molecule movement that occurred in the cups also occurred in the balloon and bottle. (Hint: Did the molecules move the same ways?) *
1 point
True
False
What happened to the bubble seal when the bottle was placed in warm/hot water? *
1 point
It popped
It shrank (got smaller)
It expanded (got bigger)
Answer:
1.VOLUME– The amount of space an object takes up. Basic Unit (SI Unit) for Solids – Cubic Meter, m3. LENGTH/DISTANCE – The measurement between two points.
2.one particle per cubic meter.
3.it means it is heavier
4.In a liquid the particles are still close together but a little further apart than in a solid.
5.In gases the particles are much further apart than in solids or liquids.
Explanation:
thats all i can type lol
Given the following equation: __ Al(s) __ O2(g) --> __ Al2O3(s) When the equation is correctly balanced using smallest whole numbers, the coefficient of Al(s) is:
Answer:
The coefficient for Al(s) is 2.
Explanation:
__ Al(s) __ O2(g) --> __ Al2O3(s)
__ Al(s) __ O2(g) --> 1 Al2O3(s)
1 Al(s) __ O2(g) --> 1 Al2O3(s)
1 Al(s) + 1.5 O2(g) --> 1 Al2O3(s) [Use a fraction to make it balance]
2 Al(s) + 3 O2(g) --> 2 Al2O3(s) [Convert the 1.5 fraction to a whole number by multiplying all coefficients by 2]
What is the mass of 15.7 mol of Nitrogen gas (N2)
Molar mass of N2 = 14×2=28g/mol
Moles of N2 =mass/molar mass
Mass of N2 = moles × molar mass
Mass of N2 = 15.7 × 28 = 439.6 kg
ammonium hydroxide is a weak base because . group of answer choices it is only slightly soluble in water it forms a dilute solution it dissociates only slightly in water it is completely ionized in aqueous solution is a poor acceptor of protons
Ammonium hydroxide is a weak base because c. it dissociates only slightly in water.
When dissolved in water, ammonium hydroxide donates a proton to form the ammonium ion and hydroxide ion. However, this reaction is only partially reversible because the ammonium ion is not a strong enough acid to accept a proton and regenerate the ammonium hydroxide. Therefore, the hydroxide ion concentration in the solution is relatively low, making it a weak base. In chemistry, a substance is referred to as a base if it has the ability to accept protons (H+ ions).
Ammonium hydroxide is a weak base because, when dissolved in water, it donates a proton to form the ammonium ion (NH4+) and hydroxide ion (OH−). This reaction is reversible, as represented by the chemical equation below: NH4+ (aq) + OH− (aq) ⇌ NH3 (aq) + H2O (l)However, this reaction is only partially reversible because the ammonium ion is not a strong enough acid to accept a proton and regenerate the ammonium hydroxide. Therefore, the hydroxide ion concentration in the solution is relatively low, making it a weak base.
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How many moles of Silicon is 3.01 X 10^24 Atoms?
A.2.24 X 10^-24 Moles
B. 1.8 X 10^-24 Moles
C.3.01 X 10^-24 Moles
D. 5.0 X 10^-24 Moles
5.0 X 10⁻²⁴ Mοles οf Silicοn is 3.01 X 10²⁴ Atοms. The number given by Avοgadrο is 6.022 x 10²³ atοms per mοle.
Optiοn D is cοrrect.
Hοw can the number οf mοles be determined?We must use Avοgadrο's number, which is the number οf atοms in οne mοle οf a substance, tο determine the number οf silicοn mοles in 3.01 x 10²⁴ atοms. The number given by Avοgadrο is 6.022 x 10²³ atοms per mοle.
Hοw many mοles are in an atοm?(3.01 x 10²⁴ atοms) / (6.022 x 10²³ atοms/mοle) = 5 mοles
A substance's mοle is equivalent tο 6.022 10²³ units, such as atοms, mοlecules, οr iοns. Avοgadrο's cοnstant οr Avοgadrο's number is the number 6.022 10²³. It is pοssible tο cοnvert between mass and number οf particles using the mοle cοncept.
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You would like to make a phosphate buffer with a pH of 7.40 using phosphoric acid (H3PO4) or its conjugate bases. Which acid and conjugate base would you use? The pka values for phosphoric acid are 2.16. 7.21, and 12.32. a OH3PO4 and NaH2PO4 b NaH2PO4 and Na2HPO4 c Na2HPO4 and Na3PO4
d H3PO4 and Na3PO4
e OH3PO4 and H20
To make a phosphate buffer with a pH of 7.40, we need to select an acid and its conjugate base with pKa values that bracket the desired pH. In this case, the pKa values of phosphoric acid (H3PO4) are 2.16, 7.21, and 12.32.
We want the pH to be higher than the pKa of the acid and lower than the pKa of the conjugate base. From the given pKa values, the pH of 7.40 falls between the pKa values of 7.21 and 12.32.
Therefore, we would use the acid with pKa 7.21 and its conjugate base with pKa 12.32.
The correct choice for the acid and conjugate base pair would be:
b) NaH2PO4 (dihydrogen phosphate) and Na2HPO4 (monohydrogen phosphate)
This combination of NaH2PO4 (the acid) and Na2HPO4 (the conjugate base) can be used to prepare a phosphate buffer with a pH of 7.40.
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The esterification reaction is carried out by removing water azeotropically. Why can't calciu chloride pellets be used instead to remove water? Explain.
Because calcium chloride pellets absorb moisture from the air rather than the reaction mixture, they cannot be employed to remove water from the esterification reaction.
Desiccant calcium chloride pellets are routinely used to absorb moisture from the air. They cannot, however, be utilized to remove water from an esterification reaction because their water absorption is not selective.
It means that, calcium pellets will absorb the moisture from the surroundings including the air. In contrast, azeotropic distillation employs a solvent to generate an azeotrope with water that can be removed from the reaction mixture, essentially removing water from the reaction.
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when moving down a column in the periodic table, which of the following increases
A. atomic mass
B. atomic number
C. group number
D. atomic mass and atomic number
Answer:
D.) atomic mass and atomic number