Renaming administrator userids is NOT normally used in system hardening. Option D is the correct answer.
System hardening is the process of enhancing system security by reducing vulnerability to malicious attacks. It includes both hardware and software security. The goal is to make it more difficult for unauthorized access to critical resources such as computers, networks, and applications. System hardening is accomplished by reducing or eliminating the attack surface area, limiting the potential impact of attacks, and making it more difficult to exploit vulnerabilities.
The objective is to make it as difficult as possible for an attacker to gain unauthorized access to critical resources. Security experts recommend the following steps to achieve system hardening:
Keep your system up to date with the latest software patches.Install antivirus and anti-malware software.Disable unnecessary services, protocols, and features.Configure firewalls and other network security measures.Use strong passwords and encryption for sensitive data.Limit user privileges to the minimum necessary.Monitor logs and audit trails to detect suspicious activity.Backup critical data and test recovery procedures.Thus, Option D is the correct answer because renaming administrator user IDs is not normally used in system hardening.
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Question 3 a data analyst is working on a dataset and begins the transform data phase of analysis. what are some of the actions that they will take? select all that apply.
A data analyst working on a dataset when begins the transform data phase of analysis will be taking these two actions: one is finding the correlation between data and the other is performing calculations on data. Therefore, options (c) and (d) hold the correct answers.
Data analysis refers to the technique of examing data sets in order to discover trends and build conclusions about the information the data sets contain. The transform phase is a phase data of analysis where a data analyst identifies patterns and relationships between different data sets. For doing so, the data analyst finds correlations between several data sets and performs calculations on them as well.
"
Here is the complete question
A data analyst is working on a dataset and begins the transform data phase of analysis. what are some of the actions that they will take? select all that apply.
a) Filtering data
b) Sorting data
c) Finding a correlation in data
d) Performing a calculaiton with data
"
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True or false It is legal to pass in Florida when approaching within 100 feet of or traversing any railroad crossing grade croead
T/F one of the driving forces in operating system evolution is advancement in the underlying hardware technology.
Answer:
True
Explanation:
Should be true cuz think about the upgrades we have done to our hardware. We used to be able to barely run DOS games and now AAA games with crazy graphics are running on OS that can be handled by the advanced hardware we have developed.
ultium platform-based vehicles can be configured with as many as three electric motors. when two motors are combined, what is the rated horsepower?
The rated horsepower of two combined electric motors on a Sultium platform-based vehicle is up to 160 hp.
Sultium platform-based vehicles offer a range of electric motor configurations, from single motors to as many as three motors. When two electric motors are combined, the rated horsepower is up to 160 hp. This provides a significant boost in power and performance for the vehicle, allowing for faster acceleration, increased torque, and improved overall handling. With this increased power, the vehicle is able to reach higher top speeds, with a maximum speed of up to 250 km/h, making it suitable for both highway and off-road use. The two combined electric motors also provide greater efficiency than a single motor, helping to reduce emissions while still providing an impressive amount of power.
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As a NASA pilot, Serena regularly practices piloting the space shuttle in a computerized setting that duplicates the sights, sounds and experiences of the real control rooms under space flight conditions. To train for her future space flights, Serena uses
Serena practices piloting the space shuttle using a computerized simulation that replicates the sights, sounds, and experiences of real control rooms under space flight conditions, to prepare for her future space flights as a NASA pilot.
Serena is a NASA pilot who needs to be well-trained and prepared for spaceflight missions. To achieve this, she regularly practices piloting the space shuttle in a computerized setting. This setting is designed to mimic the sights, sounds, and experiences of real control rooms during spaceflight conditions. By using this computerized simulation, Serena can hone her piloting skills and become familiar with the various control systems of the space shuttle. This training is critical to ensure that she is ready to handle any situation that may arise during her future spaceflight missions, where precision and attention to detail are essential for success and safety.
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estimate the length of a flat key required to transmit a torque equal to the elastic torque capacity of a round shaft of diameter d. assume that the key and shaft are made of the same ductile material and that the key is tightly fitted at its top and bottom. compare this result with the length of square key required and suggest a possible reason why a flat key might be preferred in some cases.
The length is 2.4d
What do you mean by torque?A torque is an angular force that tends to generate rotation along an axis, which could be a fixed point or the center of mass. Torque can also be conceived of as a spinning object's capacity to overcome turning resistance, such as a gear or a shaft.
Ancient Romans gave these necklaces the name "torque" by describing them as twisted and spiral screw-shaped using the Latin word "torquere," which also means "twisting" and "turning."
To ensure a good load distribution over the entire key length when the shaft becomes twisted when loaded in torsion, the key length should be less than approximately 1.5 times the shaft diameter.
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QUESTION 4
D
Which of the four strokes of a four-cycle internal combustion engine is the shortest in crankshaft duration?
O A.Power
O b.Exhaust
O c. Intake
O d. Compression
Answer:
The answer will be B i hope this helps
.True or False? When a system process starts another, the parent process often inherits the child's access rights.
The statement is true because when a parent process starts a child process, it often inherits the child's access rights.
This is a common mechanism in operating systems to ensure that a new process, created by an existing one, can access the same resources as its parent.
The parent process can also impose certain restrictions on the child process if necessary. This inheritance of access rights simplifies the management of permissions in the system, as it allows for a hierarchical structure where parent processes control the access rights of their child processes.
However, this can also pose potential security risks if not managed properly.
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Consider a circuit element, with terminals a and b, that has vab= -12V and iab= 3A. Over a period of 2 seconds, how much charge moves through the element? If electrons carry the charge, which terminal do they enter? How much energy is transferred? Is it delivered to the element or taken from it?
Answer:
a) 6 coulombs
b) The electrons carrying the charge will enter at point b with respect to element and this is because electrons follow in opposite direction of current
c) = -72 joules
Energy is taken from element
Explanation:
Given data:
V ab = -12 v
I ab = 3A
period ( t ) = 2 seconds
a) determine how much charge moves through the element
q = I * t
= 3 * 2 = 6 coulombs
b) The electrons carrying the charge will enter at point b with respect to element and this is because electrons follow in opposite direction of current
c) determine how much energy is transferred
= Vab * Iab * t
= -12 * 3 * 2
= -72 joules
Energy is taken from element
What is the function of the microscope diaphragm?
a. source of light
b. condenses light from the light source into a narrow beam
c. regulates the amount of light passing through the specimen
d. used to focus the specimen
e. holds the objective lenses
The function of the microscope diaphragm is c. regulates the amount of light passing through the specimen.
The microscope diaphragm is a component located below the stage of a microscope. Its primary function is to control the amount of light that passes through the specimen being observed. It consists of an adjustable aperture with different settings that allow the user to regulate the size of the opening.
By adjusting the diaphragm, the amount of light reaching the specimen can be controlled. Opening the diaphragm wider allows more light to pass through, while closing it down reduces the amount of light. This feature is particularly important when observing specimens that require specific lighting conditions, such as those that are highly transparent or have low contrast.
The microscope diaphragm helps achieve optimal illumination by balancing the brightness and contrast of the specimen. By controlling the amount of light, it assists in enhancing the visibility of the specimen's details and structures.
To summarize, the function of the microscope diaphragm is to regulate the amount of light passing through the specimen, allowing for better control of illumination and optimizing the observation conditions.
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a) Consider an air standard otto cycle that has a heat addition of 2800 kJ/kg of air, a compression ratio of 8 and a pressure and temperature at the beginning of compression process of 1 bar, 300 k. Determine:
(i) Maximum pressure and temperature in the cycle
(ii) Thermal efficiency
(iii) Mean effective pressure.
Assume for air Cp = 1.005 kJ/kg K, Cp = 0.718 kJ/kg K and R = 287 kJ/kg K.
(b) Explain any four types of classification of an Internal combustion engines.
:
Answer:
a) i) The maximum pressure is approximately 122.37 bar
ii) The thermal efficiency is approximately 56.47%
iii) The mean effective pressure is approximately 20.974 bar
b) (b) Four types of internal combustion engine includes;
1) The diesel engine
2) The Otto engine
3) The Brayton engine
4) The Wankel engine
Explanation:
The parameters of the Otto cycle are;
The heat added, \(Q_{in}\) = 2,800 kJ/kg
The compression ratio, r = 8
The beginning compression pressure, P₁ = 1 bar
The beginning compression temperature, T₁ = 300 K
Cp = 1.005 kJ/kg·K
Cv = 0.718 kJ/kg·K
R = 287 kJ/kg·K
K = Cp/Cv = 1.005 kJ/kg·K/(0.718 kJ/kg·K) ≈ 1.4
T₂ = T₁×r^(k - 1)
∴ T₂ = 300 K×8^(1.4 - 1) ≈ 689.219 K
\(\dfrac{P_1\cdot V_1}{T_1} = \dfrac{P_2\cdot V_2}{T_2}\)
\(P_2 = \dfrac{P_1\cdot V_1 \cdot T_2}{T_1 \cdot V_2} = \dfrac{V_1}{V_2} \cdot \dfrac{P_1 \cdot T_2}{T_1 } = r \cdot \dfrac{P_1 \cdot T_2}{T_1 }\)
∴ P₂ = 8 × 1 bar × (689.219K)/300 K ≈ 18.379 bar
\(Q_{in}\) = m·Cv·(T₃ - T₂)
∴ \(Q_{in}\) = 2,800 ≈ 0.718 × (T₃ - 689.219)
T₃ = 2,800/0.718 + 689.219 = 4588.94 K
P₃ = P₂ × (T₃/T₂)
P₃ = 18.379 bar × 4588.94K/(689.219 K) = 122.37 bar
The maximum pressure = P₃ ≈ 122.37 bar
(ii) The thermal efficiency, \(\eta_{Otto}\), is given as follows;
\(\eta_{Otto} = 1 - \dfrac{1}{r^{k - 1}}\)
Therefore, we have;
\(\eta_{Otto} = 1 - \dfrac{1}{8^{1.4 - 1}} \approx 0.5647\)
The thermal efficiency, \(\eta_{Otto}\) ≈ 0.5647
Therefore, the thermal efficiency ≈ 56.47%
(iii) The mean effective pressure, MEP is given as follows;
\(MEP = \dfrac{\left(P_3 - P_1 \cdot r^k \right) \cdot \left(1 - \dfrac{1}{r^{k-1}} \right)}{(k -1)\cdot (r - 1)}\)
Therefore, we get;
\(MEP = \dfrac{\left(122.37 - 1 \times 8^{1.4} \right) \cdot \left(1 - \dfrac{1}{8^{1.4-1}} \right)}{(1.4 -1)\cdot (8 - 1)} \approx 20.974\)
The mean effective pressure, MEP ≈ 20.974 bar
(b) Four types of internal combustion engine includes;
1) The diesel engine; Compression heating is the source of the ignition, with constant pressure combustion
2) The Otto engine which is the internal combustion engine found in cars that make use of gasoline as the source of fuel
The Otto engine cycle comprises of five steps; intake, compression, ignition, expansion and exhaust
3) The Brayton engine works on the principle of the steam turbine
4) The Wankel it follows the pattern of the Otto cycle but it does not have piston strokes
Select the correct word from the list to complete each sentence.
He tried to _____ the city of the disease-bearing rats.
instigator
refuge
persecution
tense
bitter
purge
He tried to purge the city of the disease-bearing rats.
He tried to purge the city of the disease-bearing rats.
The sentence suggests that the city is facing a problem of disease-bearing rats, and the subject is trying to eliminate them. The word "purge" means to cleanse or eliminate something unwanted, so it fits well in the sentence. An "instigator" is someone who initiates or incites something, such as a riot or a protest. "Refuge" refers to a place of safety or shelter. "Persecution" is the act of mistreating or harassing someone, usually due to their beliefs or opinions. "Tense" refers to a state of nervousness or anxiety, and "bitter" describes a strong and unpleasant taste or emotion.Therefore, the sentence would be correctly written as: "He tried to purge the city of the disease-bearing rats." This suggests that the subject is taking measures to eliminate the rats from the city, which could involve trapping, poisoning, or other methods to control the rat population.
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He tried to purge the city of the disease-bearing rats. The correct word to complete the sentence is "purge."
In this sentence, "purge" means to remove or eliminate something undesirable, in this case, the disease-bearing rats from the city.
The word purge means to get rid of whatever is impure or undesirable; to cleanse; to purify. An example of this word and how it can be used is: to purge a political party of disloyal members.
As a verb, it can be used in the following sentences:
High-ranking officials were purged from the company following the merger.
A day on which the faithful are expected to purge themselves of their sins through prayer and fasting
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A bowl contains 15 red balls, 20 green balls and 12 blue balls. A woman selects balls at random without
looking at them. How many balls must she select to be sure of having at least three balls of the same color?
Answer:
The answer to this question is 9 balls
Calculate the energy conumed by each individual node if:
a. The node tranmit their temperature reading directly to the Sink
b. The node are organied in a cluter with node 3 a cluter-head. Let the network lifetime be defined a the time interval between the tart of t
The cluster head directs data transmission between clusters and controls the actions of its individual nodes.
What does a scientific energy mean?The definition of power as the "capacity to accomplish work" refers to the capability to exert a force that compels an object to move. Even if the word is vague, it is clear what energy actually means: it is the force that causes objects to move. Kinetic energy and potential energy are the two categories of power.
From where does energy come?Fossil fuels (coal, gas, and oil), nuclear energy, or renewable energy sources are the main energy sources. A secondary source of energy that is produced from fundamental energy sources is electricity.
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Design a 3-bit binary counter using S-R flip flops.
Answer:
This is an asynchrnous 3-bit counter. Just note that this design is different and works differently than its synchronous counterpart. It's an easier design than its synchronous counterpart, and is not as reliable because it has delays.
To change a logic gate to its alternate representation, a simple three-step process is followed. true or false
Given sentence: ''To change a logic gate to its alternate representation'' is False. Because to replace the gate with its opposite type (e.g. replace an AND gate with an OR gate, or a NAND gate with a NOR gate).
Logic is the study of correct reasoning. It includes both formal and informal logic. Formal logic is the science of deductively valid inferences
To change a logic gate to its alternate representation, a simple two-step process is followed:
Invert the output of the gate (change 1 to 0 or 0 to 1).
Replace the gate with its opposite type (e.g. replace an AND gate with an OR gate, or a NAND gate with a NOR gate).
There is no need for a third step.
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Determine the natural frequency in radians per second for the system shown. Neglect the mass and friction of the pulleys. The mass m = 4.3 kg and the spring constant k = 365 N/m. m Answer: Wn= i rad/s
Assuming that the system shown consists of a mass suspended from a spring, we can use the formula for natural frequency to calculate the answer.
The natural frequency of a spring-mass system is given by the formula:
ωn = sqrt(k/m)
where ωn is the natural frequency in radians per second, k is the spring constant in newtons per meter, and m is the mass in kilograms.
Plugging in the given values, we get:
ωn = sqrt(365 N/m / 4.3 kg)
ωn = sqrt(84.8837)
ωn = 9.214 rad/s (rounded to three decimal places)
Therefore, the natural frequency in radians per second for the system shown is approximately 9.214 rad/s.
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are there any companies that you can get a job at as an air craft engeer after university
Explanation:
most big airports. my father has the same degree and works for southwest airlines
question environmentalists oppose the mining of antarctic mineral resources because responses territorial claims to antarctica are unresolved territorial claims to antarctica are unresolved the existence of valuable mineral deposits in the antarctic environment is unlikely the existence of valuable mineral deposits in the antarctic environment is unlikely the antarctic environment is fragile and extremely vulnerable to the disturbances that would accompany development the antarctic environment is fragile and extremely vulnerable to the disturbances that would accompany development currently known world reserves of important metals and oils are considered inexhaustible currently known world reserves of important metals and oils are considered inexhaustible the demand for minerals is expected to decline as the world's nations become more industrialized
Environmentalists oppose the mining of Antarctic mineral resources primarily because of the fragile and vulnerable nature of the Antarctic environment and the potential disturbances that could accompany development. Additionally, there are concerns about unresolved territorial claims to Antarctica, and the potential for mining to exacerbate these issues.
How to explain the informationThere is also the argument that the existence of valuable mineral deposits in the Antarctic environment is unlikely, and that currently known world reserves of important metals and oils are considered inexhaustible. Furthermore, the demand for minerals is expected to decline as the world's nations become more industrialized and focus on sustainable development.
Overall, the concerns of environmentalists regarding Antarctic mining reflect a broader concern about the impact of resource extraction on fragile and vulnerable ecosystems, and the need to balance economic development with environmental protection.
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Transport of airborne toxicants, a specific problem in agricultural environments, is called pesticide ________. Group of answer choices globalization leaching drift transposition run-off
Pesticide drift refers to the movement of airborne toxicants from their intended target area to other non-target areas, which can be a specific problem in agricultural environments.
Pesticide drift can occur due to various factors such as wind direction, application methods, and weather conditions. The unintended movement of pesticides can lead to contamination of soil, water, and air, which can have adverse effects on human health and the environment.
Pesticide drift refers to the unintentional movement of pesticide particles from the target area to non-target areas due to various factors, such as wind or evaporation. This can cause damage to nearby plants, animals, and human health.
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design the source follower for a drain current of 1ma and a gain of 0.8. find rs, vgs, and w/l for the transistor.
To design the source follower for a drain current of 1mA and a gain of 0.8, follow the steps given below:
Step 1: Choose a MOSFET transistor that will handle the power required in the circuit. We will use a 2N7002 MOSFET in this example.
Step 2: Determine the bias current required for the circuit. Since the drain current is given as 1mA, that will be our bias current.
Step 3: Calculate the value of the source resistor Rs using the equation Rs = Vgs / Ibias, where Vgs is the gate-source voltage and Ibias is the bias current. We are given a gain of 0.8, which means that Vgs = Vout / 0.8. Let's assume that Vout is 5V, so Vgs = 6.25V. Using Ibias = 1mA, we get Rs = 6.25V / 1mA = 6.25kΩ.
Step 4: Determine the value of Vgs using the equation Vgs = sqrt(Id * Rl / k * W / L), where Id is the drain current, Rl is the load resistance, k is the transconductance parameter, and W and L are the width and length of the transistor. Let's assume Rl = 1kΩ, k = 2.5mA/V², and Id = 1mA. We are given a gain of 0.8, so the output voltage will be 5V. Using these values, we get Vgs = sqrt(1mA * 1kΩ / 2.5mA/V² * W / L) = sqrt(400Ω * W / L).
Step 5: Determine the value of W/L using the equation W/L = Vgs² / (2 * Id * k). Using the values we have calculated, we get W/L = (6.25V)² / (2 * 1mA * 2.5mA/V²) = 7.56.
Step 6: Check that the MOSFET is operating in the saturation region by verifying that Vgs > Vt + Vds, where Vt is the threshold voltage and Vds is the drain-source voltage. Let's assume Vds = 1V. Using Vt = 1V, we get Vgs = 2V, which is greater than Vt + Vds = 2V, so the MOSFET is operating in the saturation region.
Therefore, the source follower can be designed with a 2N7002 MOSFET transistor, a source resistor of 6.25kΩ, a gate-source voltage of 6.25V, and a width-to-length ratio of 7.56.
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which of these is a term for a person who does not share the belief of the dominant religion of a society ?
A. a heathen
B. Assimilated
C. Uncivilized
D. A savage
Answer: a heathen
Explanation:
The term for a person who does not share the belief of the dominant religion of a society is "a heathen". The correct option is A.
What is society?A society is a group of people who interact with one another on a regular basis, or a large social group that shares the same spatial or social territory and is typically subject to the same political authority and dominant cultural expectations.
"A heathen" is a person who does not share the beliefs of a society's dominant religion.
The term is frequently used to describe someone who is considered uncivilized or primitive because of their religious beliefs, especially in societies where the dominant religion wields significant power and influence.
However, it is important to note that the term can be considered derogatory and offensive, and it is generally more respectful to refer to people of different religious beliefs using neutral or positive terms.
Thus, the correct option is A.
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what add the most carbon dioxide to the atmosphere
Answer:
Volcanic outgassing
The burning of fossil fuels (coal, oil, gasoline, natural gas), for heating, power generation and transport
Some industrial processes such as cement making.
Explanation:
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Select the examples that best demonstrate likely tasks for Administration and Information Support workers. Check all that apply.
Elizabeth helps employees and managers negotiate employee pay.
Bart types information into a computer database.
Phuong works on a research project and creates a report for her boss.
Anton answers phone calls and greets guests who visit a company.
Nikki creates a company budget.
Bryce thinks of an idea for how to advertise a product.
Answer:
Phuong works on a research project and creates a report for her boss.
Answer:
B. Bart types information into a computer database.
C. Phuong works on a research project and creates a report for her boss.
D. Anton answers phone calls and greets guests who visit a company.
Technician A says that the current trend is to use remote power steering fluid reservoirs. Technician B says that using a remote reservoir allows for a more compact power steering pump assembly. Which technician is correct
Both technicians are correct: Technician A is correct that the current trend is to use remote power steering fluid reservoirs, and Technician B is correct that using a remote reservoir allows for a more compact power steering pump assembly.Remote power steering fluid reservoirs have become a trend due to their efficiency.
The power steering pump's function is to create pressure, so the power steering system works effectively. Therefore, it is necessary to avoid overheating of the fluid. The coolant is released from the pump into the rack and pinion steering or the gear steering box. The function of the fluid reservoir is to store and provide adequate fluid for the power steering pump.To facilitate the task, modern vehicles have remote fluid reservoirs. These reservoirs are used to store power steering fluid remotely. They're usually located in the fender or engine compartment.
The fluid is stored in a separate location, making the power steering system more compact. By removing the fluid from the pump housing, the chances of fluid foaming are reduced. Foaming of the fluid causes cavitation, which causes damage to the pump and reduces performance. Therefore, Technician B is right that using a remote reservoir allows for a more compact power steering pump assembly.
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which of the following materials are considered resilient flooring?
- carpet terrazzo
- linoleum cork
- concrete stone
- ceramic
- tile brick
- rubber
- bamboo
- wood
Among the options you mentioned, linoleum, cork, rubber, and bamboo are considered resilient flooring.
Resilient flooring refers to materials that can withstand heavy foot traffic, are durable, and comfortable underfoot.
Linoleum is a versatile, eco-friendly option made from natural materials like linseed oil and cork.
Cork flooring is comfortable and offers excellent insulation properties. Rubber is an ideal choice for areas that require slip-resistance and durability, such as gyms and commercial spaces
. Bamboo, although technically a grass, is a sustainable alternative to traditional hardwood and exhibits good resilience. While carpet, terrazzo, concrete, stone, ceramic, tile, brick, and wood have their own merits, they don't fit the specific criteria of resilient flooring.
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A steam power plant with a power output of 230 MW consumes coal at a rate of 60 tons/h. If the heating value of the coal is 30,000 kJ/kg, determine the overall efficiency of this plant.
Answer:
\(\eta =46\%\)
Explanation:
Hello!
In this case, we compute the heat output from coal, given its heating value and the mass flow:
\(Q_H=60\frac{tons}{h}*\frac{1000kg}{1ton}*\frac{1h}{3600s}*\frac{30,000kJ}{kg}\\\\Q_H=500,000\frac{kJ}{s}*\frac{1MJ}{1000J} =500MW\)
Next, since the work done by the power plant is 230 MW, we compute the efficiency as shown below:
\(\eta =\frac{230MW}{500MW}*100\% \\\\\eta =46\%\)
Best regards!
Which alpha-numeric designator, systematically assigned at the time of manufacture, identifies the manufacturer, month, year, location, and batch?
An alpha-numeric designator which is systematically assigned at the time of manufacture, so as to identify the manufacturer, month, year, location, and batch is referred to as lot number.
What is a product?A product can be defined as any physical object (tangible item) that is typically produced by a manufacturer so as to satisfy and meet the demands, needs or wants of every customer. Also, some examples of a product include the following:
RefrigeratorTelevisionMicrowave ovenPencilSmartphoneComputerPerfumeWhat is lot number?A lot number can be defined as an alpha-numeric designator which is systematically designed and assigned at the time of manufacture, so as to identify the manufacturer, month, year, location, and batch.
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a homeowner consumes 700 kwh of energy in march. determine the average cost per kwh for the month using the following residential rate schedule: base monthly charge of $10.00. first 100 kwh per month at 16 cents/kwh. next 200 kwh per month at 10 cents/kwh. over 300 kwh per month at 6 cents/kwh.
Answer:
10 cents/kwh
Explanation:
Base monthly charge = $10.00
First 100 kwh at $0.16/kwh = $16.00
Next 200 kwh at $0.10/kwh = $20.00
Remaining 400 kwh at $0.06/kwh = $24.00
Total charge = $10 + $16 + $20 + $24 /(100+200+400)
Average cost = $70/700 or 10 cents/kwh
when the national advisory committee for aeronautics (naca) measured the lift and drag on airfoil models in the 1930s and 1940s in their specially designed airfoil wind tunnel at the langley aeronautical laboratory, they made wings that spanned the entire test section, with the wing tips butted against the two sidewalls of the tunnel. this was done to ensure that the flow over each airfoil section of the wing was essentially two-dimensional (no wing-tip effects). such an arrangement prevented measuring the lift and drag with a force balance. instead, using a pitot tube, the naca obtained the drag by measuring the velocity distribution behind the wing in a plane perpendicular to the plane of the wing, i.e., the pitot tube, located a fixed distance downstream of the wing, traversed the height from the top to the bottom of the test section. using a control volume approach, derive a formula for the drag per unit span on the model as a function of the integral of the measured velocity distribution. for simplicity, assume incompressible flow.
The drag per unit span on the model can be calculated using a control volume approach as follows:
Drag per unit span = 1/2 * ρ * ∫VdzWhere ρ is the density of the fluid, V is the velocity of the fluid, and z is the distance from the top of the test section to the bottom. The integral can be calculated by summing up the velocity of the fluid at each point from the top to the bottom of the test section. This can be expressed as:
∫Vdz = ΣVzWhere Vz is the velocity of the fluid at each point in the test section.
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