Which of the following statements best summarizes the acid growth hypothesis in an activelygrowing shoot?
A) Auxin stimulates proton pumps in the plasma membrane and tonoplast.
B) Auxin-activated proton pumps lower the pH of the cell wall, which breaks bonds and makes the walls more flexible.
C) Auxins and gibberellins together act as a lubricant to help stretch cellulose microfibrils.
D) Auxins activate aquaporins that increase turgor pressure in the cells.

Answers

Answer 1

The acid growth hypothesis in an actively growing shoot is Auxin-activated proton pumps lower the pH of the cell wall, which breaks bonds and makes the walls more flexible. the correct option is B) .

This hypothesis states that auxin-activated proton pumps in the plasma membrane and tonoplast lower the pH of the cell wall, which breaks bonds between the cell wall and makes it more flexible, allowing for increased cell elongation. This increases cell expansion and cell growth.

The acid growth hypothesis states that auxin triggers the growth of plant cells by increasing their acidity levels. Auxin leads to an increase in hydrogen ions (H+) outside of the cell, as well as the activation of proton pumps in the plasma membrane and tonoplast. As a result, the pH of the cell wall is reduced, causing the cell wall to loosen up and the cell to expand. This enables the cell to develop and grow longer. This hypothesis also states that the action of proton pumps is responsible for creating an electrical gradient and a proton motive force. In essence, auxin causes the expansion of the cell wall, which results in the development of the cell.

Therefore, Option B) Auxin-activated proton pumps lower the pH of the cell wall, which breaks bonds and makes the walls more flexible is the correct answer.

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Related Questions

A larger population density always indicates a larger population size. Please select the best answer from the choices provided T F

Answers

Answer:

the answer its false

Explanation:

I just take the quiz

Answer:

False

Explanation:

are trees producers?

Answers

In the forest's ecosystem, the trees, shrubs and moss are all producers. They turn water and sunlight into the energy they need to live and grow, through a process called photosynthesis.

hello,i need a descriptions about the Origin of cell.​

Answers

Origin of cell.

In 1665,an english scientist Robert Hooke designed his own microscope and examined a cork from a bark of tree.He observed that cork is made up of many boxes like units which were packed together .He called these units Cells.

Explanation:

ORIGIN OF CELLIn 1665 a Scientist and biologist Robert Hooke designed his simple microscope,he use the microscope tonexamine a cork from a bark of tree.He found that a cork is made up of many boxes like units combined together like a honeycomb.Thereafter he called these units CELLL

Tay-Sachs disease is a rare inherited disorder that progressively destroys nerve cells
in the brain and spinal cord. The allele for having Tay-Sachs is recessive written as t
and the functional allele is written as T. If two heterozygous parents have four
children, how many of the offspring will most likely inherit and develop Tay-Sachs
disease?

Answers

Answer:

B and C

Explanation:

I just took the test and it was right

Most superficial layer of the epidermis, characterized by dead, keratinized squamous cells.

Answers

The stratum Corneum is the Most superficial layer of the epidermis, characterized by the dead, keratinized squamous cells.

It is the superficial and skin-deep layer of the epidermis. This layer of the skin is exposed to the exterior environment. It contains increased keratinization of the cells and its name is also based on it.

Stratum Corneum contains about 20 layers of cells and it is responsible for providing protection to the underlying soft and sensitive layers.

This layer is replaced after every 4 weeks because the old cells are shed off and the new cells are provided by stratum granulosum.

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Select all the correct answers.
Which statements about tsunamis are true?
They are powerful ocean waves.
They are less destructive than typical wind-caused waves.
Earthquakes can stop them from causing flooding.
Underwater landslides can cause them.
Coastal areas are safe from them.

Answers

Answer:

they are powerful ocean waves and Underwater landslides can cause them.

Explanation:

Typical wind-cause waves aren't destructive, earthquakes make them too, coastal areas are more in danger then other areas so it's those two.

The true statements about tsunamis are, that they are powerful ocean waves, and underwater landslides can cause them.

What do you mean by Tsunamis?

Tsunamis may be defined as the giant oceanic waves under the sea that are caused either by an earthquake or a volcanic eruption.

An earthquake is a resulting factor for tsunamis which are more destructive than typical wind-caused waves.

The coastal areas are more reckless from tsunamis as compared to the middle area.

Therefore, the true statements about tsunamis are, that they are powerful ocean waves, and underwater landslides can cause them.

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e) Explain why a person who caught a flu has difficulty in tasting food.

Answers

When we're sick, our noses are often blocked with mucus. Also, the tissues inside our nose can become swollen and inflamed. This prevents us from smelling properly. Because your sense of smell is so tied to your sense of taste, if you can't smell things properly, you won't be able to taste them properly, either.

why plants are growing

Answers

Answer:

With the help of warmth, oxygen, and good food from the soil, the seed will  open and sprout out. Once the leaves and roots will grow, the plant can go through the process of photosynthesis, the process that plants use to breathe and to make food using sunlight, during photosynthesis in green plants, light energy is captured and used to convert water, carbon dioxide, and minerals into oxygen and energy-rich organic compounds.

Explanation:

Why is the ability of the cell membrane to be "picky" important?

Answers

Answer:

Hi there!

Your answer is:

It is very important for the cell membrane to be semi-permeable because the ability to pick and choose what comes in and out of the cell keeps the cell safe! The membrane can choose to block out nasty germs and can also choose to get rid of internal waste.

An example of when this is important is in this scenario:

Let's say the cells are in a really salty solution. Naturally, salt will want to pull the water out of the cell. If the membrane wasn't semi permeable, the water would listen to the salt and leave the cell. This would cause cell death. BECAUSE the membrane is semi permeable, they can choose not to give the salt any water, keeping them alive

Hope this helps

describe the basic life cycle of a typical bony fish

Answers

The life cycle of a typical bony fish involves several stages. These stages include the egg, larva, juvenile, and adult stages.

Below is the description of the basic life cycle of a typical bony fish:

Stage 1: EggThe first stage of the life cycle of a typical bony fish is the egg stage. In this stage, the eggs of bony fish are released by the female fish and are fertilized by the sperm of the male fish. After fertilization, the eggs are usually transparent and have a gel-like coating that serves to protect them from predators.

Stage 2: Larva After the egg stage, the fish undergoes a larval stage, in which the fish hatches from the egg. In this stage, the fish is still transparent and very small. At this stage, the fish starts to grow and develops into a juvenile fish. The larva is usually free-swimming and feeds on plankton.

Stage 3: Juvenile Stage three is the juvenile stage. At this stage, the fish starts to resemble an adult fish in terms of appearance. The fish is usually larger, has developed fins and a tail, and starts to feed on small aquatic organisms. The juvenile fish moves into freshwater habitats.

Stage 4: Adult Stage four is the adult stage. At this stage, the fish is sexually mature and can reproduce. The adult fish feeds on larger organisms and can grow to be a considerable size. At this stage, the fish can also migrate to the ocean or to other water bodies to spawn.

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effect of different amounts of sunlight on plants​

Answers

Answer:

ha hatdog

Explanation:

ano kasi yun alam muna yung ano i ano mo sa ano jwk HAHAHAHAHAHA UwU lab u onichannnn Hahahahhahaa

Light intensity influences the manufacture of plant food, stem length, leaf color and flowering.

b. “Glycolysis occurs in the cytosol of the cell and does not require
oxygen.” Other word(s) for require:

Answers

Need, oxygen is not nessicary, oxygen in not essential.

A patient takes a blood pressure medication called an ""ARB"" which stands for an angiotensin receptor blocker. If angiotensin is blocked, what happens to fluid?

Answers

Blocking angiotensin receptors with an ARB can result in vasodilation, decreased fluid retention, and increased urine output, leading to a more balanced fluid state.

When angiotensin is blocked by an angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB), the effects on fluid balance depend on the specific mechanisms involved. Generally, blocking angiotensin receptors can lead to the following effects on fluid regulation:

Vasodilation: Angiotensin receptor blockers relax and widen the blood vessels, resulting in vasodilation. This dilation reduces the resistance to blood flow, allowing for increased blood circulation. As a result, blood pressure decreases, and fluid redistribution may occur.Decreased fluid retention: Angiotensin is involved in regulating fluid balance by stimulating the release of aldosterone, a hormone that promotes sodium and water reabsorption in the kidneys. Blocking angiotensin receptors can inhibit this process, leading to decreased fluid retention. As a result, the excretion of sodium and water may increase, leading to a decrease in overall fluid volume.Improved urine output: By blocking angiotensin receptors, ARBs can increase urine production and improve renal function. This effect can help remove excess fluid from the body and maintain a proper fluid balance.

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i need helpppp !

please number them when u type it thanks <3

i need helpppp ! please number them when u type it thanks &lt;3

Answers

Answer:

1)Ionic bond, also called electrovalent bond, type of linkage formed from the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions in a chemical compound. Such a bond forms when the valence (outermost) electrons of one atom are transferred permanently to another atom.

2) The atom that loses the electrons becomes a positively charged ion (cation), while the one that gains them becomes a negatively charged ion

3)onic bonds are important because they allow the synthesis of specific organic compounds. Scientists can manipulate ionic properties and these interactions in order to form desired products. Covalent bonds are especially important since most carbon molecules interact primarily through covalent bonding.

Explanation:

Answer:

I could only find the answer for the 1st one and 2nd one

3.    

Ionic bond, also called electrovalent bond, type of linkage formed from the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions in a chemical compound. Such a bond forms when the valence (outermost) electrons of one atom are transferred permanently to another atom.

4.

The atom that loses the electrons becomes a positively charged ion (cation), while the one that gains them becomes a negatively charged ion

Which characteristic should describe all evidence collected by a scientist?

Answers

Answer:

creativity, curiosity, Logical

Aquatic plant has water proof scale?​

Answers

Answer:

because it prevents the fish from rotten and decaying.

The cardiovascular system is composed of the heart, blood vessels, and blood. Which is the best analogy to this system and its parts? a car engine, a gas tank, and gasoline a coffee maker, coffee filters, and coffee a water pump, water pipes, and water a can of paint, the pressure of a hand, and paint.

Answers

Answer:

water pipes and water

pipes are vessels and water is blood

What is elastic connective tissue?

Answers

Elastic connective tissue is a type of connective tissue that provides support and elasticity to various tissues and organs in the body. It is composed of long, flexible, and elastic fibers known as elastin

explain about elastic connective tissue ?

Elastic connective tissue is found in many different structures in the body, including the walls of large arteries, the bronchial tubes in the lungs, the walls of the vocal cords, and the skin. Its elasticity allows these structures to stretch and then return to their original shape, which is important for their proper functioning.

For example, in the walls of large arteries, the elasticity of the elastic connective tissue allows the blood vessels to dilate and contract with each heartbeat, which helps to regulate blood flow and blood pressure. In the lungs, the elasticity of the bronchial tubes helps to regulate air flow and volume during breathing. And in the skin, the elastic connective tissue helps to maintain skin's resilience and elasticity, preventing it from becoming saggy or wrinkled.

In summary, elastic connective tissue is a critical component of many tissues and organs in the body, playing an important role in maintaining their structure, function, and overall health.

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Hundreds of years ago, a volcanic eruption killed many plants and animals on a tropical island. Today, the island looks much as it did before the eruption. Why is this true? Destroyed ecosystems always return to their exact original state. Altered ecosystems only regain stability from the development of grasses. Geographic barriers prevent the migration of animals to island habitats. Destroyed environments can recover through ecological succession.

Answers

Answer:

Destroyed environments can recover through ecological succession.

Explanation:

Ecological succession describes a progressive change in the species in an ecological community over time.

This can happen after some disturbance such as a fire, earthquake, or volcanic eruption. It can mean that a e can return to the state it was before the event.

What is a isotonic solution? How does it affect a red blood cell?
What is a hypertonic solution? How does it affect a red blood cell?
What is a hypotonic solution? How does it affect a red blood cell?
Answer plz!

Answers

Answer: If you place an animal or a plant cell in a hypertonic solution, the cell shrinks

Explanation: because it loses water ( water moves from a higher concentration inside the cell to a lower concentration outside ). ... A single animal cell ( like a red blood cell) placed in a hypotonic solution will fill up with water and then burst.


An isotonic solution is one wherein the solute concentration across the semipermeable membrane is the same resulting in an equilibrium state.

They do not shrink or swell in an isotonic saline solution, i.e., 0.9% w/v solution of sodium chloride

Hypertonic solution: A solution that contains more dissolved particles (such as salt and other electrolytes) than is found in normal cells and blood.

Now, let’s suppose RBCs are placed in a solution with a sodium chloride concentration of 2% w/v. The sodium chloride concentration of 2% w/v is greater than the RBC’s sodium content and hence the solution is hypertonic. This will result in shrinkage of the RBCs known as crenation

When a solution has a lower solute concentration than the solution present across the semipermeable membrane, it is known as a hypotonic solution. As a result, when a cell is placed in a hypotonic solution, an osmotic pressure gradient forces the solvent to move into the cell in order to attain equal solute

In another situation, let’s suppose RBCs are placed in a solution with a sodium chloride concentration of 0.1 % w/v. The sodium chloride concentration of 0.1% w/v is less than the RBC’s sodium content and hence hypotonic saline. This will result in swelling and eventually bursting of the RBCs which will result in the release of hemoglobin. This is known as hemolysis which is a very dangerous situation.

Please help ASAP !!

Please help ASAP !!

Answers

Answer:

1. Black

2. Yellow

3. Bb (or BB)

4. bb

Explanation:

So they breed two black fur coats and get 75% black fur. This means that Bb is 75% too, making it black fur. The 25% (recessive) would be yellow.

The answer is A black

Is an onion structure a cell tissue organ system or organisms

Answers

Answer:

it's a cell tissue

Explanation:

dude its like so obvious

Obviously, its a Tissue.

explain heredity in detail​

Answers

Answer:

Heredity, the sum of all biological processes by which particular characteristics are transmitted from parents to their offspring. ... Each offspring is a combination of its two parents, receiving some dominant traits from its mother and others from its father.

Explanation:

I hope this helps!

For scanning a slide, power is usually used.

Answers

LOW power is usually used

Hurry answer!

All the questions are in the green box

Hurry answer! All the questions are in the green box
Hurry answer! All the questions are in the green box
Hurry answer! All the questions are in the green box

Answers

Answer:I’m pretty sure the first one that they will overcome by camouflage against the color

Explanation:I don’t know the rest

Sugar, phosphate and nitrogenous bases are components of which of the following?
Group of answer choices

None of these

RNA

Both of these

DNA

Answers

In the 1950s, Francis Crick and James Watson worked together at the University of Cambridge, England, to determine the structure of DNA. Other scientists, such as Linus Pauling and Maurice Wilkins, were also actively exploring this field. Pauling had discovered the secondary structure of proteins using X-ray crystallography. X-ray crystallography is a method for investigating molecular structure by observing the patterns formed by X-rays shot through a crystal of the substance. The patterns give important information about the structure of the molecule of interest. In Wilkins’ lab, researcher Rosalind Franklin was using X-ray crystallography to understand the structure of DNA. Watson and Crick were able to piece together the puzzle of the DNA molecule using Franklin’s data (Figure 9.2). Watson and Crick also had key pieces of information available from other researchers such as Chargaff’s rules. Chargaff had shown that of the four kinds of monomers (nucleotides) present in a DNA molecule, two types were always present in equal amounts and the remaining two types were also always present in equal amounts. This meant they were always paired in some way. In 1962, James Watson, Francis Crick, and Maurice Wilkins were awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine for their work in determining the structure of DNA.

Photo in part A shows James Watson, Francis Crick, and Maclyn McCarty. The x-ray diffraction pattern in part b is symmetrical, with dots in an x-shape.

Figure 9.2 Pioneering scientists (a) James Watson and Francis Crick are pictured here with American geneticist Maclyn McCarty. Scientist Rosalind Franklin discovered (b) the X-ray diffraction pattern of DNA, which helped to elucidate its double helix structure. (credit a: modification of work by Marjorie McCarty; b: modification of work by NIH)

Now let’s consider the structure of the two types of nucleic acids, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). The building blocks of DNA are nucleotides, which are made up of three parts: a deoxyribose (5-carbon sugar), a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base (Figure 9.3). There are four types of nitrogenous bases in DNA. Adenine (A) and guanine (G) are double-ringed purines, and cytosine (C) and thymine (T) are smaller, single-ringed pyrimidines. The nucleotide is named according to the nitrogenous base it contains.

(a) Each DNA nucleotide is made up of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a base.

Figure 9.3 (a) Each DNA nucleotide is made up of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a base.

(b) Cytosine and thymine are pyrimidines. Guanine and adenine are purines.

Figure 9.3 (b) Cytosine and thymine are pyrimidines. Guanine and adenine are purines.

The phosphate group of one nucleotide bonds covalently with the sugar molecule of the next nucleotide, and so on, forming a long polymer of nucleotide monomers. The sugar–phosphate groups line up in a “backbone” for each single strand of DNA, and the nucleotide bases stick out from this backbone. The carbon atoms of the five-carbon sugar are numbered clockwise from the oxygen as 1′, 2′, 3′, 4′, and 5′ (1′ is read as “one prime”). The phosphate group is attached to the 5′ carbon of one nucleotide and the 3′ carbon of the next nucleotide. In its natural state, each DNA molecule is actually composed of two single strands held together along their length with hydrogen bonds between the bases.

Watson and Crick proposed that the DNA is made up of two strands that are twisted around each other to form a right-handed helix, called a double helix. Base-pairing takes place between a purine and pyrimidine: namely, A pairs with T, and G pairs with C. In other words, adenine and thymine are complementary base pairs, and cytosine and guanine are also complementary base pairs. This is the basis for Chargaff’s rule; because of their complementarity, there is as much adenine as thymine in a DNA molecule and as much guanine as cytosine. Adenine and thymine are connected by two hydrogen bonds, and cytosine and guanine are connected by three hydrogen bonds. The two strands are anti-parallel in nature; that is, one strand will have the 3′ carbon of the sugar in the “upward” position, whereas the other strand will have the 5′ carbon in the upward position. The diameter of the DNA double helix is uniform throughout because a purine (two rings) always pairs with a pyrimidine (one ring) and their combined lengths are always equal. (Figure 9.4).

Answer: DNA
Explanation: The DNA molecule is a polymer of nucleotides. Each nucleotide is composed of a nitrogenous base, a five-carbon sugar (deoxyribose), and a phosphate group.

enzymes are important because they contain what?

Answers

Chemical reactions are important because they break down and make new molecules constantly, and are necessary for life. ... Enzymes are important in living organisms because they speed up chemical reactions that take place in cells. (Innetnt) :)

Answer:

Enzymes are proteins that serve as catalysts for certain chemical reactions. They help the human body properly digest food and break down molecules into smaller units so that the intestines can absorb all its nutrients. Enzymes occur naturally in several foods and eating them raw gives the body an ample supply to help properly digest food, maintain optimum condition of the internal organs, as well as fight cancer cells

Explanation:

Enzymes is on

Sprouts

Nuts and Seeds

Fruits and Vegetables

Papaya and Pineapple

What names are used for the top process (requiring oxygen) and the bottom process (taking place without oxygen)?





Oxygen present → Krebs Cycle → Electron transport chain

Glycolysis
→ Lactic acid fermentation
Oxygen not present →
Alcohol fermentation

What names are used for the top process (requiring oxygen) and the bottom process (taking place without oxygen)?

How many ATP are produced by each process shown?

Answers

Answer:

Processes that takes place with oxygen is aerobic and processes that takes without oxygen is anaerobic.

Glycolysis and Krebs Cycle produces 2 Atp and ETC produces 34 Atp

How do dna cells keep from overmultiplying

Answers

By going into phase 0
I think

looking under a microscope, you note that the cell is a prokaryote. how do you know?

it lacks the cell membrane
it lacks nucleus
it lacks genetic material
it lacks cytoplasm

Answers

Answer:

It lacks nucleus.

Explanation:

Prokaryotic: cells that lack a true nucleus or membrane bound organelles.

Pro- before Karyo- Nucleus

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