which term specifically refers to the gain of extra chromosome sets from individuals of the same species? view available hint(s)for part a which term specifically refers to the gain of extra chromosome sets from individuals of the same species? triploidy euploidy autopolyploidy allopolyploidy

Answer:

A: Cytokinesis

Explanation:

the cytoplasmic division of a cell at the end of mitosis or meiosis, bringing about the separation into two daughter cells.

Answer:

K⁺

Explanation:

The resting membrane potential results when the tendency for K⁺ to diffuse

Resting membrane potential is simply the electrical PD across plasma membrane whenever the cell has entered its Non-excited state.

Vesicles that enclose macromolecules during exocytosis are composed of phospholipids and proteins.

These vesicles, known as secretory vesicles or exocytic vesicles, are formed within the cell's endomembrane system, particularly the Golgi apparatus. The membranes of these vesicles are primarily made up of phospholipids, which form a lipid bilayer. The phospholipids have hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails, creating a barrier that encloses the contents of the vesicle. Additionally, proteins are present in the vesicle membrane, serving various functions, such as facilitating membrane fusion and cargo sorting. These proteins are involved in the targeting and docking of the vesicle to the target membrane during exocytosis. Overall, the composition of these vesicles enables them to transport and protect macromolecules during their release from the cell.

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Answer:

hmmmmmmmmmmmnnmmmmmmmmmmm mmmmm

But in RNA, uracil (U) takes the role of thymine (T) as adenine's complimentary nucleotide. The DNA strand in question has the sequence 5'-ATCAGC-3'. Hence, the complementary strand's sequence will be 3'-TAGTCG-5'.

RNA and DNA are closely linked, however RNA has a different sugar called ribose and uracil (U) in place of thymine as a base (T). Both molecules share other bases, adenosine (A), cytosine (C), and guanine (G). An RNA molecule creates one helix.

Recall that cytosine pairs with guanine while adenine pairs with thymine. These two strands are so complimentary to one another. For instance, a complimentary DNA strand will have the nucleotide sequence TCAGTACT for a strand of DNA having the nucleotide sequence AGTCATA (Figure 9.8).

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Explanation:

Hi, so this diagram is obviously a diagram of a eukaryotic cell. (It's not prokaryotic since there are many organelles, and there is a nucleus). From more observing, we see that it's a plant cell (There are cell walls around the cell, which animals cells don't have).

So anyways, onto the labeling.

So beforehand, we saw that this is a plant cell, which helps us in labeling. Plant cells have certain organelles animal cells don't have.

I bolded the answers, and I started with the top left box and went clockwise around the diagram.

For the label top left next to the word 'Cell', you would put plant, or eukaryotic. I would say plant, since that would be more specific.

Next to the word 'Cell', there is another label pointing to the purple structure. This is the Golgi apparatus, where vesicles drop off proteins and other substances for modification. (Think of it like the 'packaging center'). You can tell because the 'purple structures' are not connected.

Next to that label we have another one pointing to the clear and bluish big blobby like structure. That is the vacuole. The vacuole stores wastes, water, and can enlarge or become smaller.

Next to that box we have another one pointing to the blue structure. The answer is the nucleus. Just think of it as the 'directory' of the cell.

After, next to the previous box, on the top right, that box is pointing to a purple structure. Light purple actually. This is the smooth endoplasmic reticulum, or ER. It's usually next to the nucleus and the rough ER, which we'll talk about afterwards.

On the box below the previous, pointing to the small dots, those are the ribosomes. To clarify, ribosomes are NOT organelles. They make proteins for the cell, and can be found on the rough ER.

Coming to the bottom right, that box is pointing to a red structure, or the rough ER (endoplasmic reticulum). They have ribosomes on their surface, unlike the smooth ER.

For the next box, it would be the cell wall. I thought it was the cell membrane at first, but no it isn't. The things sticking out from the diagram are also cell walls, but from other plant cells.

The next box points to the green organelle, or the chloroplast. It contains chlorophylls which give the green color to plants.

On the next box we have it pointing to the yellow structure(light yellow). I'm not sure what to call it, but that is the cell membrane. This is different from the cell wall, because it surrounds the whole cell. (If you trace the very outer light green wall, you will see that it doesn't surround the whole cell).

The box pointing to the yellow structure with the blue lines inside is the mitochondria. It is the 'powerhouse of the cell', where cellular respiration takes place.

The next box is pointing to the light green space. That is the cytoplasm, which consists of the cytosol. It's a jelly like substance that is mostly consisted of water.

Finally, for the last box, I am not really sure what it is, as it looks like it is also pointing to the cell membrane. I would answer plasma membrane. It's composed of phospholipids and other proteins.

Hopefully this helps you!

Answer: The type of mutation that causes sickle cell anemia is a substitution mutation.

Explanation: A substitution mutation is a type of point mutation that occurs when one nucleotide base pair is replaced by another. In sickle cell anemia, the substitution mutation occurs in the HBB gene, which codes for the beta-globin subunit of hemoglobin. The normal HBB gene has the sequence CTC, which codes for the amino acid glutamic acid. In sickle cell anemia, this sequence is changed to CAC, which codes for the amino acid valine. This change in amino acid sequence causes hemoglobin molecules to stick together and form long fibers that distort red blood cells into a sickle shape . Hope this helps, and have a great day!

Solution:

Remember that Climate change is a long-term change in the average weather patterns that have come to define Earth's local, regional and global climates. These include warming temperatures and changes in precipitation, as well as the effects of Earth's warming, such as rising sea levels, shrinking mountain glaciers, ice melting at a faster rate than usual in Greenland, Antarctica, and the Arctic Changes in flower and plant blooming times.

So that, we can conclude that the correct answer is:

Answer:

TTAGCCATG

Explanation:

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a double helix molecule made up of two complementary polynucleotide strands oriented antiparallel to each other. Each nucleotide in both DNA strands is composed of a five-carbon sugar (deoxyribose), a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base. In DNA, there are four types of nitrogenous bases: Thymine, Guanine, Adenine and Cytosine (in RNA, Uracil replace Thymine). According to the base-pairing rules, Adenine always pairs with Thymine through two hydrogen bonds, whereas Guanine always pairs with Cytosine through three hydrogen bonds.

Explanation:

- Age

- Sex

- Time of the day

- Exercise and or Physical activity

- Meals

- Drugs and Smoking

- Site of Measurements.

Answer:

cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism

Explanation:

Answer:

b inner membrane

Explanation:

because that where it belongs

A taxon, all of whose members have the same common ancestor, is C) Monophyletic.

A taxon that includes all members that share a common ancestor is considered monophyletic. In a monophyletic group, all members share a common evolutionary history and can be traced back to a single ancestor. This group includes all the descendants of the common ancestor and represents a single branch on the evolutionary tree. Monophyletic groups are considered to be natural and meaningful in the context of evolutionary classification as they reflect the true relationships and evolutionary connections among organisms.

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b. Energy transfer between trophic levels is inefficient, and so the lower trophic level population will be larger than the higher trophic level because of the number of lower trophic level individuals that need to be eaten by the predator to get enough energy to survive.

In an ecosystem, energy flows through different trophic levels, starting from producers (such as plants) and progressing to primary consumers (herbivores), secondary consumers (carnivores), and so on. As energy is transferred from one trophic level to the next, there is a loss of energy through metabolic processes, heat production, and waste.

Due to this energy loss, predators at higher trophic levels need to consume a larger number of individuals from the lower trophic level to obtain sufficient energy to survive and reproduce. Therefore, the population size of organisms at lower trophic levels tends to be larger than those at higher trophic levels

It's worth noting that option a, suggesting that lower trophic level organisms have larger population sizes because they are physically smaller, is not the primary reason for the difference in population sizes between trophic levels. While smaller organism size can contribute to higher population densities, the primary factor is the inefficiency of energy transfer between trophic levels.

Option c, stating that the population size of the organism at the higher trophic level is typically larger, is not accurate. Generally, the population size decreases as you move up the trophic levels due to energy loss and the need for more individuals at lower trophic levels to sustain the higher trophic level organisms.

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Seeds offer the embryo protection, nourishment, and a mechanism to maintain dormancy for tens or even thousands of years, ensuring that germination can occur when growth conditions are optimal. Seeds therefore allow plants to disperse the next generation through both space and time.

Pls mark as brainliest answer if it helps you

Answer:

C. Seeds protect the plant embryo and its food source

Explanation:

took the test

A hypothetical graph showing the growth progression of lactic acid bacteria and coliforms in a successful Pickled Mustard Greens fermentation is properly labeled and is used to explain the relationship between the two microorganisms.

Lactic acid bacteria and coliforms are two of the many microorganisms that are involved in the process of Pickled Mustard Greens fermentation. Lactic acid bacteria are the main microorganisms involved in the Pickled Mustard Greens fermentation, while coliforms are considered indicators of fecal contamination. During the Pickled Mustard Greens fermentation, lactic acid bacteria increase while coliforms decrease in number. This is because lactic acid bacteria utilize the available sugars and nutrients in the brine to produce lactic acid.

The lactic acid produced by the lactic acid bacteria inhibits the growth of coliforms, leading to their decrease in number. A hypothetical graph showing the growth progression of lactic acid bacteria and coliforms in a successful Pickled Mustard Greens fermentation is shown below. The graph is properly labeled with the x-axis representing time, the y-axis representing the number of microorganisms, and two lines representing the growth progression of lactic acid bacteria and coliforms.

Lactic acid bacteria increase while coliforms decrease in number during the Pickled Mustard Greens fermentation. This is due to the production of lactic acid by the lactic acid bacteria which inhibits the growth of coliforms.

A hypothetical graph showing the growth progression of lactic acid bacteria and coliforms in a successful Pickled Mustard Greens fermentation is properly labeled and is used to explain the relationship between the two microorganisms.

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Answer and Explanation:

The founder effect is a special case of genetic drift.

The Founder effect refers to the consequences that occur from the origin of a new population produced by a small number of founder individuals that come from an ancestral bigger population. The new population originated from a few founder individuals, who came from a bigger population and that established in a new environment.

This small population might or might not be genetically representative of the original one. It might show poor genetic variation and hence, a high possibility of expressing a peculiar allelic composition. Some rare alleles might be in exceed or might be completely lost. Consequently, when the small population increases in size, it will have a genetically different composition from the original one. In these situations, genetic variability is reduced and there is a high possibility of developing a peculiar allelic composition. If the number of individuals that originates the new population is very low, the founder effect will be very extreme, because the magnitude of this change is inversely related to the original number of the founder individuals. These changes produced by genetic drift accumulate in time, and eventually, some alleles get lost, while some other might set.      

There are certain examples of the founder effect, such as Huntington's disease in South Africa or the Ellis syndrome characteristic of the Amish people from Pennsylvania.

Answer:

It is either y or nb

Explanation:

I had a lesson on this but don't remember exactly.  

When a gram-negative bacterium is affected by a chemical that interferes with  synthesis, a cell with a weakened or incomplete cell wall is likely to be formed after cell division.

The p  layer is an important component of the bacterial cell wall that provides structural support and helps maintain cell shape. In gram-negative bacteria, this layer is located in the   space between the inner and outer membrane. When   synthesis is disrupted, the newly formed daughter cells may have defects in their cell walls.

Leading to weakened or incomplete structures. This can result in increased vulnerability to osmotic pressure, susceptibility to antibiotics, and compromised cellular integrity. Gram-negative bacteria are known to have an outer membrane that provides an additional barrier, but without a properly formed  layer, the overall integrity of the cell wall is compromised.

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Answer:

C.) Covalent

Explanation:

Oxygen and carbon are both nonmetals.

A.) is incorrect because hydrogen bonds are only formed between hydrogen and either oxygen, nitrogen, or fluorine.

B.) is incorrect because ionic bonds form between nonmetals and metals. In this situation, you have two nonmetals.

C.) is correct because covalent bonds are formed between two nonmetals. A covalent bond will form because oxygen and carbon are nonmetals.

Answer:

Covalent

Explanation:

A covalent bond is formed when two non metals form, which means that's the answer. For the record, for hydrogen bonding Hydrogen obviously has to be present, and an ionic bond occurs between a metal and a nonmetal

Answer:

I don't see a question....

I don't like Biology either It hard and super confusing...

Answer: Somatic neurons regulate skeletal mustle contractions

Answer:

Chloroplasts and mitochondria are subcellular bioenergetic organelles with their own genomes and genetic systems.

As per, Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the percentage of individuals homozygous for the dominant allele is 49%.

In genetics, the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium says that, in the absence of any evolutionary forces, the genotypic and allelic frequency of a particular population will stay constant. If specific requirements are satisfied, the frequency of alleles and genotypes in a population in equilibrium will stay constant from generation to generation.

Using the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium equation -

\(p^2+2pq+q^2 = 1\)

Calculating the value of q²

q = √0.09

= 0.3

Calculating the frequency of the dominant allele which is p,

p = 1 - q,

p = 1 - 0.3

= 0.7

Calculating the frequency of individuals homozygous for the dominant allele (

p²

p² = (0.7)²

= 0.49

Calculating the percentage of individuals homozygous for the dominant allele is:

0.49 × 100%

= 49%

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a. Endangered Species: African Elephant: The African elephant is a majestic species that is facing extinction due to various factors. Approximately 415,000 African elephants remain in the wild, with their population declining by 60% over the last 75 years.

b. According to the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), the African elephant is classified as vulnerable, and it is estimated that if current trends continue, they could be extinct within the next few decades.

The major cause of their future demise is the illegal wildlife trade, particularly the demand for ivory. Poaching for ivory has led to the killing of tens of thousands of elephants each year, resulting in severe population declines in many African countries. In addition to poaching, habitat loss and fragmentation, human-wildlife conflict, and climate change also pose significant threats to African elephants.

To help African elephants, several conservation efforts are underway. These include anti-poaching measures, habitat restoration, and community-based conservation programs. In addition, many countries have banned the trade in ivory, although enforcement of these laws can be challenging.

Vulnerable Species: Snow Leopard: The snow leopard is a vulnerable species that is found in the high-altitude mountain ranges of Central and South Asia. Approximately 4,000 to 6,500 snow leopards remain in the wild, with their population declining by 20% over the last three decades. According to the IUCN, the snow leopard is classified as vulnerable due to habitat loss and fragmentation, poaching, and retaliatory killings by herders.

The major cause of their decline is habitat loss and fragmentation due to human activities such as mining, agriculture, and infrastructure development. In addition, poaching for their pelts and body parts is also a significant threat to snow leopards. Retaliatory killings by herders who lose their livestock to snow leopards are also a major cause of their decline.

To help snow leopards, several conservation efforts are underway. These include habitat restoration, anti-poaching measures, and community-based conservation programs. In addition, the Snow Leopard Trust and other organizations are working to educate local communities about the importance of snow leopards and to promote sustainable development practices that minimize negative impacts on snow leopard habitat.

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When a plant is under drought, the proportion of open stomata declines. This is necessary for the plant, which must decrease water loss.

Thus, small apertures called stomata are found on the surface of leaves and control the flow of gases, including water vapor, between the plant and its environment. Stomata normally open to let oxygen and water vapor out as well as enable the intake of carbon dioxide for photosynthesis.

The plant, however, goes through a survival strategy to preserve water when there is a drought. It helps the plant retain as much water as possible in its tissues by reducing the opening of stomata, which in turn minimizes the quantity of water lost through transpiration.

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The sugar molecule represents the most stored chemical energy. Thus, the correct answer is Option B.

Sugar (glucose, C₆H₁₂O₆) is a biological molecule that stores energy in its chemical bonds, not the molecule that initiates the process of cellular respiration During cellular respiration, glucose is broken down in a series of chemical reactions to produce energy ATP (adenosine triphosphate).

The process of cellular respiration begins at the stage of glycolysis, where glucose in the cytoplasm of the cell is partially broken down into pyruvate molecules and then the pyruvate molecules are broken down again in the presence or production of oxygen (aerobic respiration). fermentation in the absence of oxygen depending on whether oxygen is present

During aerobic respiration, pyruvate enters mitochondria and undergoes the citric acid cycle (also known as the Krebs cycle) and the electron transport chain These processes release energy from glucose chemical bonds to produce more ATP.

Therefore, sugar (glucose), although it stores energy in its chemical bonds, is not the molecule that initiates cellular respiration. Instead, during cell respiration, glucose is broken down and energy is released in the form of ATP.

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Complete question:

Which feature of the model represents the most stored chemical energy?

A. The oxygen gas molecule

B. The sugar molecule

C. The water molecule

D. The carbon dioxide molecule​