why are hfo refrigerants less flammable than hydrocarbon refrigerants
Answers
Answer: They contain fluorine.
Explanation: HFO refrigerants generally fall in the category of A2L refrigerants because they contain fluorine. Fluorine makes HFO refrigerants less flammable than hydrocarbon refrigerants, which are highly flammable.
Hydrofluoroolefins (HFOs) are less flammable than hydrocarbon refrigerants.
In comparison to inherently flammable hydrocarbons, HFOs are less flammable and can be used as a substitute for hydrocarbons.
HFO refrigerants are less flammable than hydrocarbon refrigerants due to their chemical structure.
HFO refrigerants are composed of hydrogen, fluorine, and carbon atoms, whereas hydrocarbon refrigerants are composed solely of hydrogen and carbon atoms. The C-F bonds in HFOs, unlike C-H bonds in hydrocarbons, are much stronger.
As a result, the chemical reaction that occurs when HFO refrigerants decompose during a fire is not as volatile as the chemical reaction that occurs when hydrocarbon refrigerants decompose. Because of their molecular structure, HFOs break down into relatively non-toxic gases when they decompose.
HFO refrigerants are categorized as having zero ODP (Ozone Depletion Potential) and low GWP (Global-Warming Potential) and so offer a more environmentally friendly alternative to CFCs (chlorofluorocarbons), HCFCs (hydrochlorofluorocarbons) and HFCs (hydrofluorocarbons).
HFOs are relatively stable compounds but are more reactive than HFCs due to the reactivity of the carbon–carbon bond. This reduces their global warming potential and therefore became favorable property in light of increasing concerns about climate change.
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Related Questions
What are some examples of a bacterial infection?
Answers
Answer:
Strep throat, UTI's, food poisoning, MRSA, and various other STD's
Explanation:
Answer:
strep throat, uti (urinary tract infection), and e coli are all examples
The sales budget for Andrew Inc. is forecasted as follows: Month Sales Revenue May $ 150,000 June 175,000 July 160,000 August 200,000 To prepare a cash budget, the company must determine the budgeted cash collections from sales. Historically, the following trend has been established regarding cash collection of sales:60 percent in the month of sale. 20 percent in the month following sale. 15 percent in the second month following sale. 5 percent uncollectible. The company gives a 2% cash discount for payments made by customers during the month of sale. The accounts receivable balance on April 30 is $85,000, of which $25,000 represents uncollected March sales and $60,000 represents uncollected April sales. (Hint: For collections of March and April receivables, start by determining total sales for the month. Assume the normal sales pattern.) Prepare a schedule of budgeted cash collections from sales for May, June, and July. Include a three-month summary of estimated cash collections.
Answers
To prepare a schedule of budgeted cash collections from sales for May, June, and July, we need to consider the sales revenue forecast and the historical trend of cash collection.
Given:
- Sales Revenue Forecast:
- May: $150,000
- June: $175,000
- July: $160,000
- August: $200,000
- Historical Trend of Cash Collection:
- 60% in the month of sale
- 20% in the month following sale
- 15% in the second month following sale
- 5% uncollectible
- 2% cash discount for payments made during the month of sale
- Accounts Receivable Balance on April 30:
- Total: $85,000
- Uncollected March sales: $25,000
- Uncollected April sales: $60,000
Based on the given information, we can calculate the budgeted cash collections from sales for May, June, and July:
1. May Cash Collections:
- May sales: $150,000
- Cash collection in May (60% of May sales): $150,000 * 0.6 = $90,000
2. June Cash Collections:
- May sales: $150,000
- Cash collection in June (20% of May sales): $150,000 * 0.2 = $30,000
- June sales: $175,000
- Cash collection in June (60% of June sales): $175,000 * 0.6 = $105,000
Total June Cash Collections: $30,000 (from May sales) + $105,000 (from June sales) = $135,000
3. July Cash Collections:
- June sales: $175,000
- Cash collection in July (20% of June sales): $175,000 * 0.2 = $35,000
- July sales: $160,000
- Cash collection in July (60% of July sales): $160,000 * 0.6 = $96,000
Total July Cash Collections: $35,000 (from June sales) + $96,000 (from July sales) = $131,000
Summary of Estimated Cash Collections:
Month | Cash Collections
------|----------------
May | $90,000
June | $135,000
July | $131,000
Please note that these figures are based on the given information and assumptions provided. Adjustments may be required based on specific company policies and circumstances.
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Which is the site of anaerobic respiration in a cell.
a)chloroplast
b)cytoplasm
c)nucleus
d)vacuole
Answers
Select the statement that is true when comparing solutions with a pH of 6 and a pH of 8. Multiple Choice 6 Solutions with a pH of 8 has a 2 times lower concentration of hydrogen ions than a solution with a pH of 6. The solution with a pH of 6 has a 100 times lower concentration of hydrogen ions than a solution with a pH of 8. The solution with a pH of 6 has a 100 times higher concentration of hydrogen ions than a solution with a pH of 8. The solution with a pH of 8 has a 100 times higher concentration of hydrogen ions than a solution with a pH of 6. The solution with a pH of 6 has a 2 times higher concentration of hydrogen ions than a solution with a pH of 8.
Answers
The statement that is true when comparing solutions with a pH of 6 and a pH of 8 is B. the solution with a pH of 6 has a 100 times higher concentration of hydrogen ions than a solution with a pH of 8
This statement is true because the pH scale is logarithmic, meaning that each unit increase or decrease represents a tenfold change in the concentration of hydrogen ions. A solution with a pH of 6 has a concentration of hydrogen ions of 1 x 10^-6 moles per liter, while a solution with a pH of 8 has a concentration of hydrogen ions of 1 x 10^-8 moles per liter.
This means that the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution with a pH of 6 is 100 times greater than the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution with a pH of 8. S the correct answer is B. the solution with a pH of 6 has a 100 times higher concentration of hydrogen ions than a solution with a pH of 8, the true statement when comparing solutions with a pH of 6 and a pH of 8.
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How water resources are being polluted and how can we conserve them ?
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In mice, black color (B) is dominant to white (b). At a different locus, a dominant allele (A) produces a band of yellow just below the tip of each hair in mice with black fur. This gives a frosted appearance know as agouti. Expression of the recessive allele (a) results in a solid coat color. If mice that are heterozygous at both loci are crossed, ___ out of 16 will be black in color.
Answers
Answer:
3
Explanation:
Heterozygous mice at both loci would be BbAa genotype.
B (black) is dominant over b (white) but the presence of A results in agouti.
Crossing two heterozygous:
BbAa x BbAa
Progeny
9 B_A_ - Agouti
3 bbA_ - agouti
3 B_aa - Black
1 bbaa - white
Hence, 3 out of 16 progeny will be black in color.
See the attached image for the Punnet's square analysis of the cross.
HELPP PLSSS :) American pikas are prey to long-tailed weasels. Which change in a limiting factor would increase the carrying capacity for long-tailed weasels in a talus field within an alpine tundra? A. increase in American pika population size B. decrease in American pika population size C. increase in the long-tailed weasel population size D. decrease in the long-tailed weasel population size
Answers
Answer:
A. increase in American pika population size
Explanation:
Carrying capacity is the idea that relates to how much population can an environment sustain before collapsing. Here, the answer would be A. increase in American pika population size because if you increase the food for weasals, naturally the population carrying capacity goes up because now the environment has food to feed the weasals which can contribute to increasing the carrying capacity (i.e. the environment can now handle larger population of weasel than initial condition)
a transection occurs at the base of the brain stem severing descending spinal inputs. what is one possible treatment that could benefit axonal regrowth?
Answers
Use a peripheral nerve graft to bridge axons above and below the injury. Axon regeneration in the mature mammalian central nervous system (CNS) is extremely limited after injury.
Consequently, functional deficits persist after spinal cord injury (SCI), traumatic brain injury, stroke, and related conditions that involve axonal disconnection. This situation differs from that in the mammalian peripheral nervous system (PNS), where long- distance axon regeneration and substantial functional recovery can occur in the adult. Both extracellular molecules and the intrinsic growth capacity of the neuron influence regenerative success. This chapter discusses determinants of axon regeneration in the PNS and CNS.After peripheral nerve injury, axons readily regenerate. The distal portion of the axon, which is disconnected from the cell body, undergoes Wallerian degeneration. This active process results in fragmentation and disintegration of the axon. Debris is removed by glial cells, predominantly macrophages. Proximal axons can then regenerate and re-innervate their targets, allowing recovery of function.
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which structure is specialized for the detection of the stimulus that triggers a phototaxic response in certain protists?
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The specialized structure for the detection of the stimulus that triggers a phototaxic response in certain protists is called: eyespot.
Phototaxis is the movement of an organism by the detection of light. This process is particularly useful for the autotrophic organisms who can adjust themselves according to the most efficient light in order to perform photosynthesis.
Eyespot is an organelle particular present in various protists, involved in the function of photoreception. These are the small organelles with large amount of carotenoid pigment which helps in phototaxis. The eyespot can detect the intensity as well as the direction of incoming light.
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What can you predict will happen to the ocean currents as the ice caps melt?
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name the food material on which lipase act upon and name the end products
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lipids----(lipase pancreatic/gastric/intestinal)----->Fatty acids+Glycerol
The food material is the one on the left and the end products the one on the right.
help.................................
Answers
Answer:
your awnser is C
Explanation:
Hope that helps :)
Answer:
help... i need somebody.. help.... not just anybody
Explanation:
help
after fertilization what process increases the number of cells in an embryo
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After fertilization, the process that increases the number of cells in an embryo is cell division.
What is cell division?Cell division is the process in which a parent cell divides into two or more daughter cells. It is the basis of all cell growth, development and repair in living things.
Cell division results in an increase in the number of cells and is responsible for the growth and development of an embryo after fertilization. During this process, the zygote undergoes several rounds of cell division to form a ball of cells known as a blastula.
Fertilization is a process that occurs in sexual reproduction when male and female gametes combine to produce a new organism. When a sperm fertilizes an egg, the nuclei of the two cells combine, forming a zygote.
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This question asks which is greater in the form of "select all that are true." inulin found in normal urine is greater than creatinine found in normal urine Plasma bicarb in respiratory alkalosis is greater than plasma bicarb in respiratory acidosis GFR is greater when mesangial cells are relaxed than when mesangial cells are contracted. release of insulin by amino acids is greater than release of glucagon by amino acids Aldo released in hemorrhage is greater than aldo released in dehydration
Answers
The following statements are true regarding the greater amount of a substance found in normal urine and plasma bicarb in respiratory alkalosis being greater than plasma bicarb in respiratory acidosis, as well as aldosterone released in hemorrhage being greater than aldosterone released in dehydration:
Inulin is a polysaccharide that is not broken down by the kidneys, while creatinine is a byproduct of muscle metabolism that is filtered by the kidneys and excreted in the urine. Inulin clearance is often used to measure kidney function since it is only filtered by the kidneys, and the amount excreted in the urine is indicative of glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Thus, the amount of inulin found in normal urine is greater than that of creatinine. The first statement is correct.Plasma bicarbonate is important in maintaining the body's pH and is regulated by the respiratory and renal systems. Respiratory acidosis occurs when carbon dioxide accumulates in the blood, resulting in decreased pH and bicarbonate levels, while respiratory alkalosis occurs when there is excessive breathing, causing carbon dioxide to be eliminated too quickly, resulting in increased pH and bicarbonate levels. Therefore, the statement that plasma bicarb in respiratory alkalosis is greater than plasma bicarb in respiratory acidosis is correct.Angiotensin II, aldosterone, and nitric oxide regulate mesangial cell tone, which, in turn, regulates GFR. Mesangial cells contract in response to angiotensin II and aldosterone and relax in response to nitric oxide. As a result, when mesangial cells are relaxed, GFR is greater than when mesangial cells are contracted. The statement is true.Amino acids can stimulate the release of hormones such as insulin and glucagon. However, insulin is released in response to high blood sugar levels, whereas glucagon is released in response to low blood sugar levels. As a result, the statement that the release of insulin by amino acids is greater than the release of glucagon by amino acids is incorrect.Aldosterone, a hormone produced by the adrenal gland, regulates salt and water balance in the body by increasing salt and water reabsorption in the kidney. In response to hemorrhage, aldosterone secretion increases to help maintain blood pressure. Dehydration can also cause aldosterone release, but hemorrhage is more severe and results in greater aldosterone release. Therefore, the statement that aldosterone released in hemorrhage is greater than aldosterone released in dehydration is correct.
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Can someone help me with this question please
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Yes, it is possible that a pedigree could be used to support multiple forms of inheritance.
part b.
The additional information that would narrow down what type of inheritance it is information is the sex of affected individuals, the pattern of inheritance in the offspring of affected individuals would also be found useful.
What are forms of inheritance?There are different types of inheritance and they include:
Single inheritance Multiple inheritanceMultilevel inheritance, hybrid inheritance, and hierarchical inheritance.A sex-linked dominant trait and an autosomal dominant trait might have similar-looking pedigrees making affected individuals appear in each generation and likely pass on the trait.
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Children tend to resemble their parents due to __________
Answers
Answer:genetics
Explanation:
How do proteins control traits?
Answers
The physical traits are determined by the presence or lack of proteins. The color of one's eyes, skin, and hair are determined by whether or not pigment proteins are generated.
What causes the trait?The cellular DNA contains the instructions required for a cell to produce proteins. A section of DNA that includes the required instructions to produce a protein is known as a gene. Human characteristics like height and hair color are determined by genes, which are bits or fragments of DNA that are carried on chromosomes.
Proteins regulate characteristics. Through heredity, genes are passed from one generation to the next. Genes contain the instructions for producing protein products (like the enzymes to digest food or the pigment that gives your eyes their color). When your cells split, this genetic material is passed on to the children. However, the task is not actually completed by genes.
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Which levels of classification are used to form a binomial nomenclature for an organism?
Answers
Answer:
Carolus Linnaeus was a botanist who lived in the 1700's and devised a system of naming organisms known as binomial nomenclature. It is a two-name system using the categories of genus and species to precisely name an organism. The genus and species name is called an organism's scientific name. I hope that this helps you.
How does salt maintain fluid levels inside your body?
Answers
Answer:
These results show that the body regulates its salt and water balance not only by releasing excess sodium in urine, but by actively retaining or releasing water in urine. The advantage of this mechanism is that the long-term maintenance of body fluids isn't as dependent on external water sources as once believed.
PLEASE HELP PLEASE PLEASE PLEASE
Answers
Answer: B
Explanation: This should be the correct answer(: since hereditary means passing genetical material/information from parent to offspring (one gerneration to another)
Which option is food (i.e., an energy source) for a plant?
carbon dioxide that a plant takes in through its leaves
minerals that a plant takes in from the soil
water that a plant takes in through its roots
sugars that a plant makes
Answers
Answer:
I'm pretty sure that it is the water the plant takes through its roots
Explanation:
Their roots take up water and minerals from the ground and their leaves absorb a gas called carbon dioxide (CO2) from the air. They convert these ingredients into food by using energy from sunlight. This process is called photosynthesis, which means 'making out of light'. The foods are called glucose and starch. which is the process of making food for plants
What does the theory of evolution tell us about living things?
The environment can make them rapidly change over a short period of time.
They create fossils when they die.
Their environment makes them slowly change over time.
They can give us clues about extinct species.
Answers
Answer:
the enviorment changes overtime
Explanation:
How does the structure of a muscle cell relate to its function?
Answers
Answer:
A single muscle cell is elongated and has a large number of myofibrils. Muscle contraction is performed by thin strands of the proteins actin and myosin. Muscle flexing is made possible by the elongated form of muscle cells, which permits contraction proteins to line up in an overlapping manner.
How do the olfactory receptor cells and nerves combine information with the gustatory receptor cells and nerves to create flavor?
Answers
The olfactory receptor cells and nerves combine information with the gustatory receptor cells and nerves to create flavor. Here's how:
1. Olfactory Receptor Cells: Olfactory receptor cells are specialized cells located in the nose that detect smells. When we eat food, volatile odor molecules are released and travel to the nose. These molecules enter the nasal cavity and bind to the olfactory receptor cells.
2. Gustatory Receptor Cells: Gustatory receptor cells are located in taste buds on the tongue. They detect different taste sensations such as sweet, sour, salty, bitter, and umami. When we eat food, molecules from the food interact with the taste buds and trigger a response in the gustatory receptor cells.
3. Sensory Information: The olfactory receptor cells and gustatory receptor cells both send signals to the brain through the olfactory and gustatory nerves respectively. These signals carry information about the smell and taste of the food.
4. Convergence in the Brain: In the brain, the signals from the olfactory and gustatory systems converge and integrate to create the perception of flavor. The brain combines the smell and taste information to form a unified sensory experience.
5. Examples: Let's say you're eating a slice of pizza. The olfactory receptor cells detect the aroma of the melted cheese and the spices in the tomato sauce, while the gustatory receptor cells on your tongue detect the flavors of the cheese, sauce, and other toppings. The signals from both systems are sent to the brain, where they are combined to create the overall flavor experience of the pizza.
In summary, the olfactory receptor cells and nerves detect smells, while the gustatory receptor cells and nerves detect tastes. The brain combines the information from both systems to create the perception of flavor when we eat.
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LOTS OF POINTS - SIMPLE QUESTION Why are the atmosphere, biosphere, lithosphere, and hydrosphere all called “Earth’s life-support system”?
Answers
Explanation:
Because these are the living technology of earth.
Answer:
they're all what keeps the earth living
Explanation:
Refer to the illustration above. The cell shown is probably an animal cell because it *
A)has mitochondria.
B)does not have a cell wall.
C)has a cell membrane.
D)does not have a nucleus.
Answers
Explanation:
Only plant cells have cell walls to support and give shape to the cell
scientists found fossils of 2 animals belonging to same species but occupy different regions. how is that possible?
a) animals migrated
b) they all roamed what was once one big continent
c) someone spread the fossils
d) a natural disaster forced them to seperate
Answers
The possibility that explains the presence of fossils of the same species in different regions is that the animals migrated. The correct answer is A.
Migration is a common phenomenon observed in various animal species. Animals move from one region to another in search of food, suitable habitats, or favorable environmental conditions.
This movement allows them to adapt to different environments and exploit available resources. As animals migrate, they can leave behind fossils in the regions they previously inhabited.
When animals belonging to the same species migrate to different regions, their populations become geographically separated.
Over time, the separated populations may undergo different evolutionary pressures, leading to the development of distinct traits and adaptations.
These changes can eventually result in the formation of different subspecies or even new species. Fossil evidence of the same species found in different regions supports the idea that migration played a role in the dispersal and distribution of these animals.
Therefore, the presence of fossils of the same species in different regions is indicative of past migration events and the subsequent divergence of populations. Therefore, the correct answer is A.
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HELPP
The diagram below shows the similarities and differences of plants and animals complete the diagram by filling in the correct term as follows: heterotrophic and autotrophic and multicellular
Answers
Answer:
Both are multicellular (plants have different cells for the leaves and the stem, animals have skin cells, brain cells etc so they are called multicellular).
Plants are autotrophic - they make their own food (glucose) by photosynthesis
Animals are heterotrophic - they eat other organisms, cannot make their own food.
Explanation:
what is a lophophore? what is a lophophore? a synapomorphy that defines lophotrochozoans a body cavity where body fluids bathe the organs directly in an open circulatory system a specialized tuft that rings the mouth and functions in suspension feeding a distinctive type of larva with a band of cilia
Answers
Lophophore is a specialized tuft that rings the mouth and functions in suspension feeding. Therefore, option C is correct.
What is a lophophore?The Brachiopoda, Bryozoa, and Phoronida are the three main families of creatures that all possess the lophophore, which is a distinctive feeding organ. Although it is frequently formed like a horseshoe or coiled, the lophophore is most commonly described as a ring of tentacles.
Thus, the lophophore is a specialized tuft that rings the mouth and functions in suspension feeding. Therefore, option C is correct.
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Use the drop-down menus to complete the hypothesis of the first group of researchers. During a drought, the decrease in rainfall will reduce the amount of vegetation that can grow and increase the occurrence of natural fires, so an elevation in Select… and a reduction in Select… should be found in the cores.
Answers
Answer:
Microscopic charcoal, Vegetation.
Explanation:
As the researchers conducting research in the Nile region identified that an increase in temperatures leads to an increase in droughts and reduction of natural vegetation and thereby the chances of the occurrence of natural fires.