Working on-board a research vessel somewhere at sea, you have (carefully) isolated 12.5 micrograms (12.5 ×10–6 g) of what you hope is pure saxitoxin (a non-electrolyte) from a poisonous (and quite cross) puffer fish. You dissolve this sample in 3.10 mL of water and determine that the osmotic pressure of the resulting solution is 0.236 torr at 19ºC (760 torr = 1.00 atm). What is the molar mass of the compound?
Answers
Answer:
The value is \(Z = 311.33 \ g/mol\)
Explanation:
From the question we are told that
The mass of saxitoxin is \(m = 12.5 mg = 12.5 * 10^{-6} g\)
The volume of water is \(V = 3.10 mL = 3.10 *10^{-3} L\)
The osmotic pressure is \(P = 0.236 = \frac{0.236}{760} = 3.105 * 10^{-4} atm\)
The temperature is \(T = 19^oC = 19 + 273 = 292 \ K\)
Generally the osmotic pressure is mathematically represented as
\(P = C * T * R\)
Here R is the gas constant with value
\(R = 0.0821 ( L .atm /mol. K)\)
and C is the concentration of saxitoxin
So
\(3.105 * 10^{-4} = C * 0.0821 * 292 \)
\( C = 1.295 *10^{-5} mol/L \)
Generally the number of moles of saxitoxin is mathematically represented as
\(n = C * V\)
=> \(n = 1.295 *10^{-5} *3.10 *10^{-3}\)
=> \(n = 4.015 *10^{-8} \ mol\)
Generally the molar mass of saxitoxin is mathematically represented as
\(Z = \frac{m}{n}\)
=> \(Z = \frac{12.5 * 10^{-6}}{ 4.015 *10^{-8}}\)
=> \(Z = 311.33 \ g/mol\)
Related Questions
i need help answering number 1 and number 3 50 points!!
Answers
The removal of hydrogen or any other electropositive element, or the addition of oxygen, is said to be the process of oxidation in classical or earlier concepts. An atom or ion gains one or more electrons during the process of reduction.
1. The oxidation half-reaction of copper is:
Cu → Cu²⁺ + 2e⁻
The reduction half is:
Cu²⁺ + 2e⁻ → Cu
3. An anode in electrochemistry is, in its simplest form, the site of an oxidation reaction. Due to the anode's electrical potential, negative ions or anions usually react there and release electrons. After that, these electrons ascend and enter the drive circuit.
In chemistry, the cathode is referred to as the electrode where reduction takes place. In an electrochemical cell, this is typical. Here, the cathode is negative because the cell's electrical energy supply causes chemical molecules to break down.
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Could someone help with the last 4 questions?
Answers
The right equation to solve for the final volume would be: P1V1/T1 = P2V2/T2, where P is pressure, V is volume, n is the number of moles, R is the gas constant, and T is temperature.
Given: V1 = 1.50 L P2 = 3.00 atm P1 = 2.00 atm
T1 = 373 K
(Temperature drop) T2 = 298 K
We may rewrite the equation to find V2:
V2 = (P2T1) / (P1V1T2)
V2 is calculated as (2.00 atm)(1.50 L)(298 K) / (3.00 atm)(373 K).
V2 = 0.751 L
As a result, the volume drops and is 0.751 L in total.
Answer: Reduce
Given:
10 L is the initial volume (Vi).
1545 g is the initial mass (mi).
1554.5 g is the final mass (mf).
Volumetric specific (v) = 0.01 L/g
The ultimate volume (Vf) must be determined usingThe equation:
Vf = mf * v
Vf = (1554.5 g) * (0.01 L/g)
Vf = 15.545 L
The ultimate volume is 15.54 L as a result.
Answer: Upgrading
Given:
5.0 L is the initial volume (Vi).
30°C = 303 K is the initial temperature (Ti).
Final temperature (Tfn) is equal to –10 °C or 263 K.
Utilising the formula: we can determine the final volume (Vf).
(Vi * Ti) / Tfn = Vf
Vf = (5.0 L * 303 K) / 263 K
Vf = 5.76 L
The total volume is 5.76 L as a result.
Answer: Upgrading
Given:
15 L is the initial volume (Vi).
4.0 atm is the initial pressure (Pi).
3.0 atm is the final pressure (Pf).
Utilising the formula: we can determine the final volume (Vf).
Pi * Vi equals Pf * Vf
(Pi * Vi) / Pf = Vf
Vf is equal to 4.0 atm x 15 L / 3.0 atm.
Vf = 20 L
Consequently, 20 is the total volume.
Answer: Upgrading
Given:
Initial volume (Vi) equals 21.0 L.
Initial temperature (Ti) is 70.0 °C, or 343 K.
45.0 L is the final volume (Vf).
We may use the following formula to determine the final temperature (Tfn):
As Vf / Tfn = Vi / Ti
Vf * Ti = Tfn / Vi
Tfn = (45.0 L * 343 K) / 21.0 L
Tfn= 733.4 K
The ultimate temperature is 733.4 K as a result.
Answer: Upgrading
Given:
2.5 L is the initial volume (Vi).
5.0 L is the final volume (Vf).
(Ti) = 273 K initial temperature
We may use the following formula to determine the final temperature (Tfn):
As Vf / Tfn = Vi / Ti
Vf * Ti = Tfinal / Vi
Tfn = (5.0 L * 273 K) / 2.5 L
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Which best describes the activation energy on the graph below?
Potential Energy
Reaction Progress
3
OA. The vertical difference between 1 and 3
B. The vertical difference between 1 and 2
OC. The difference between the x-axis and 2
OD. The vertical difference between 2 and 3
Answers
The statement that best describes the activation energy on the graph below is the vertical difference between 1 and 2 (option B).
What is activation energy?Activation energy is the energy required to initiate a reaction. For example, the flame from the fuse of a firecracker provides a small initial amount of energy, after which the explosive reaction proceeds by itself, releasing a considerably larger quantity of energy.
According to this question, a reaction proceeds from 1 to 3. The activation energy needed for the reaction to be initiated is the vertical line that extends to the peak of 2.
Therefore, it can be said that the statement that best describes the activation energy on the graph below is the vertical difference between 1 and 2.
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Draw the organic and inorganic products of the reaction, describe the type of bond cleavage, and classify the reaction.
Answers
Answer:
See explanation and images attached
Explanation:
The complete question his shown in the image attached to this answer.
This reaction is a substitution reaction. We identify it as a substitution reaction because one specie replaced another in the substrate.
The organic product and inorganic products were also shown in the image. The bond was breakage is a hetereolytic fission since the two electrons of the bond reside on only one of the species.
Eaterfication experiment
Answers
Answer:
Do you mean Esterification experiment?
Explanation:
how are elements in group 8 different from all other elements in the periodic table
Answers
Group 8 elements are also known as the noble gasses. These elements already have a full valence shell with 8 valence electrons. This leaves the elements non-reactive as they are already stable and in a low energy state.
What happens to the amount of solution when we add food colour to it?
Answers
Answer:
We need more? What else is in the question? This is unanswerable.
Explanation:
Do you think that scientists should continue to try to create super heavy elements and expand the periodic table? Explain why or why not.
Answers
In my own opinion, scientists should continue to try create super heavy elements and expand the periodic simply because these elements will help understand better, nuclei structure, properties and its reactions
What is an element?An element is a substance which cannot be split into simpler forms by an ordinary chemical process. This simply goes to say that elements are substances which cannot be decomposed into simpler substances by ordinary chemical reactions.
An atom is the smallest unit or part of an element which can take part in a chemical reaction.
On a general note, elements are classified as thus:
Metals, non-metal, and metalloid.The extreme left side elements in the periodic table are metals, for example, aluminum, sodium, calcium, caesium, etc.However, elements on the right side are generally referred to as non-metals, carbon, chlorine, oxygen,So therefore, in my own opinion, scientists should continue to try create super heavy elements and expand the periodic simply because these elements will help understand better, nuclei structure, properties and its reactions
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What is an organelle
(A)Organelles are only common to prokaryotic cells
(B)An organelle is made up of different tissues working together
(C)An organelle is structure in a cell that performs a specific task...
Answers
Answer:
CExplanation:
An organelle is structure in a cel that performs a specific task or job.
Answer:
I believe the answer is C: an organelle is structure in a cell that performs a specific task
A pure substance that is present before a reaction but not after
Super Confused
Answers
Explanation:
Pure subsance is a substance that is made up of only one type of particle - each piece is the same throughout.
Being present before the reaction but not after means it's no the same (it couldve evaporated)
Formation of crystals of sugar from a sugary syrup is a …….
chemical change
Answers
It's a chemical change.
Explanation:-
Formation of crystals of sugar from a sugary syrup is a chemical change. Because, we cannot get sugary syrup back from the sugar crystals. Yet, it is chemical change.
The volume of a gas is decreased from 100 liters at 173.0°C to 50 liters at a constant pressure. After the decrease in volume, what is the new temperature of the gas?
Answers
Answer:
223.08 K
Explanation:
First we convert 173.0 °C to K:
173.0 °C + 273.16 = 446.16 KWith the absolute temperature we can use Charles' law to solve this problem:
T₁V₂=T₂V₁Where in this case:
T₁ = 446.16 KV₂ = 50 LT₂ = ?V₁ = 100 LWe input the data:
446.16 K * 50 L = T₂ * 100 LAnd solve for T₂:
T₂ = 223.08 KStarting with 0.3500 mol CO(g) and 0.05500 mol COCl2(g) in a 3.050 L flask at 668 K, how many moles of CI2(g) will be present at equilibrium?
CO(g) + Cl2(g)》COCl2(g)
Kc= 1.2 x 10^3 at 668 K
Answers
At equilibrium, the number of moles of \(Cl_2\) (g) will be 0.2025 mol.
1: Write the balanced chemical equation:
\(C_O\)(g) + \(Cl_2\)(g) ⟶ \(C_OCl_2\)(g)
2: Set up an ICE table to track the changes in moles of the substances involved in the reaction.
Initial:
\(C_O\)(g) = 0.3500 mol
\(Cl_2\)(g) = 0.05500 mol
\(C_OCl_2\)(g) = 0 mol
Change:
\(C_O\)(g) = -x
\(Cl_2\)(g) = -x
\(C_OCl_2\)(g) = +x
Equilibrium:
\(C_O\)(g) = 0.3500 - x mol
\(Cl_2\)(g) = 0.05500 - x mol
\(C_OCl_2\)(g) = x mol
3: Write the expression for the equilibrium constant (Kc) using the concentrations of the species involved:
Kc = [\(C_OCl_2\)(g)] / [\(C_O\)(g)] * [\(Cl_2\)(g)]
4: Substitute the given equilibrium constant (Kc) value into the expression:
1.2 x \(10^3\) = x / (0.3500 - x) * (0.05500 - x)
5: Solve the equation for x. Rearrange the equation to obtain a quadratic equation:
1.2 x \(10^3\) * (0.3500 - x) * (0.05500 - x) = x
6: Simplify and solve the quadratic equation. This can be done by multiplying out the terms, rearranging the equation to standard quadratic form, and then using the quadratic formula.
7: After solving the quadratic equation, you will find two possible values for x. However, since the number of moles cannot be negative, we discard the negative solution.
8: The positive value of x represents the number of moles of \(Cl_2\)(g) at equilibrium. Substitute the value of x into the expression for \(Cl_2\)(g):
\(Cl_2\)(g) = 0.05500 - x
9: Calculate the value of \(Cl_2\)(g) at equilibrium:
\(Cl_2\)(g) = 0.05500 - x
\(Cl_2\)(g) = 0.05500 - (positive value of x)
10: Calculate the final value of \(Cl_2\) (g) at equilibrium to get the answer.
Therefore, at equilibrium, the number of moles of \(Cl_2\) (g) will be 0.2025 mol.
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which element has the electrons configuration 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d104p2
Answers
The element with the electron configuration 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d104p2 is Silicon (Si).
Explanation:
The electron configuration of an element describes the arrangement of electrons in its atoms. The numbers and letters in the configuration represent the energy levels (n), sublevels (s, p, d, f), and the number of electrons in each sublevel.
In this case, the electron configuration of the element is:
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p2
Breaking this down, we can see that the element has:
- 2 electrons in the 1s sublevel
- 2 electrons in the 2s sublevel
- 6 electrons in the 2p sublevel
- 2 electrons in the 3s sublevel
- 6 electrons in the 3p sublevel
- 2 electrons in the 4s sublevel
- 10 electrons in the 3d sublevel
- 2 electrons in the 4p sublevel
Based on the number of electrons in the outermost energy level (valence electrons), we can determine that this element is in group 14 of the periodic table. Looking at the periodic table, we can see that the
Report the answer to the appropriate number of significant figures
Answers
Answer: 8.979
Explanation:
How to get the density of this unknown liquid?
Answers
Answer:
Measure the volume of water poured into a graduated cylinder, then place the object in the water and remeasure the volume. The difference between the two volume measurements is the volume of the object. Now simply divide the mass by the volume to calculate the density of the object.
Suspensions can be undersaturated.
O True
O False
Answers
Answer:
true
Explanation:
A copper wire is left outside on the ground for several weeks. Which
statement describes a change resulting from the chemical properties of the
wire?
A. It conducts electricity when lightning strikes it.
B. It melts when heated.
C. It becomes tarnished.
D. It bends when someone steps on it.
Answers
Answer:
c
Explanation:
the oxygen in the air and water from the rain caused oxidation causing the copper wire to become tarnished.
The statement that describes a change resulting from the chemical properties of the wire is it becomes tarnished. The correct option is C.
What are chemical properties?Chemical properties are those properties that are not always shown physically, but they came out of a chemical reaction. Chemical properties are pH, solubility, toxicity, the heat of combustion, flammability, reactivity, etc.
The copper wire, when left out in the environment, becomes tarnished, due to the air and moisture present in the environment. The meaning of tarnished means it loses its luster or its quality.
Copper is a shiny, soft, and brown-colored metal. It is usually used in making wire used for electricity.
Thus, the correct option is C. It becomes tarnished.
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A group of students is investigating how a force applied to an object affects the motion of that object. The diagram shows the setup for the investigation. To create a force, the students add a weight to the weight holder and observe whether the cart moves. The students repeat this step five times, using a different amount of weight each time. Identify the independent and dependent variables of this investigation.
Answers
Answer:
87 is the wight of the hight
Explanation:
nitrogen contains 7 protons and 7 electrons and, most commonly, 7 neutrons. heavy nitrogen contains 8 neutrons. which of the following is true regarding heavy nitrogen?
Answers
The statement "heavy nitrogen contains 8 neutrons" is true. Heavy nitrogen, also known as nitrogen-15, is an isotope of nitrogen that contains 7 protons and 8 neutrons, instead of the usual 7 neutrons.
An isotope is a variant of an element that has the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons in the nucleus. This results in isotopes having different atomic masses than their parent element. Isotopes can be either stable or radioactive, meaning they undergo spontaneous nuclear decay. The study of isotopes is important in various fields such as chemistry, geology, biology, and medicine. Isotopes can be used to date rocks and fossils, determine the origin and movement of water and minerals, track chemical reactions, and diagnose medical conditions. Isotopes can also be used in various forms of radiometric dating, as well as in imaging techniques such as MRI and PET scans.
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Calculate the molarity of each of the following solutions.
1.30 mol of KNO3 in 250.0 mL of solution
0.500 mol of BaCl2 in 100.0 mL of solution
0.195 mol of Na2CO3 in 200.0 mL of solution
7.00 mol of C6H12O6 in 250.0 mL of solution
Answers
Answer:
5.2M, 5M, 0.975M, 28M
Explanation:
M = ( moles × 1000 ) ÷ volume
Molarity is affected by temperature. Its unit is mole/litre. It measure the concentration of any solute in a solution. Thus the molarity of \(KNO_{3}\),\(BaCl_{2}\),\(Na_{2}CO_{3}\) and\(C_{6}H_{12}O_{6}\) are 5.2mol/litre, 5mol/litre, 0.97mol/litre, 28mol/litre respectively.
What is molarity?
Molarity can be calculated by dividing number of moles of solute by volume of solution in liter.
Other concentration terms are molality, normality and mole fraction. Molarity can be used to find out the ionic strength of any solution
Mathematically,
Molarity= number of moles of solute/volume of solution in litre (1)
1) Molarity of \(KNO_{3}\)= {1.30 mol ×(1000ml/l)}÷250.0 mL=5.2mol/litre
2)Molarity of \(BaCl_{2}\)= {0.500 mol ×(1000ml/l)}÷100.0 mL=5mol/litre
3)Molarity of\(Na_{2}CO_{3}\)= {0.195 mol ×(1000ml/l)}÷200.0 mL=0.97mol/litre
4)Molarity of \(C_{6}H_{12}O_{6}\) = {7.00 mol ×(1000ml/l)}÷ 250.0 mL=28mol/litre
Thus the molarity of \(KNO_{3}\),\(BaCl_{2}\),\(Na_{2}CO_{3}\) and\(C_{6}H_{12}O_{6}\) are 5.2mol/liter, 5mol/litre, 0.97mol/litre, 28mol/litre respectively.
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true or false the human body system works together to maintain
Answers
Answer:
Im pretty sure it would be true
Explanation:
Scientists are studying ways to improve the efficiency of solar cells by studying a process called photon upconversion . In this process , the energy of two photons can become combined to form a new photon with an energy equal to the sum of the two combined photons . With this process , abundant infrared radiation can be converted into visible light that can be used by solar celis to produce electricity . Suppose an infrared photon with a wavelength of 853 nm were combined with another infrared photon with a wavelength of 935 nm , what would be the wavelength of the new 'combined photon , in nm ?
Answers
Answer:
λ = 4.46 x 10⁻⁷ m = 446 nm
Explanation:
Applying Law of Conservation of Energy in this condition, we will get the following equation:
Total Energy of Combined Photons = Energy of 1st Photon + Energy of 2nd Photon
hc/λ = hc/λ₁ + hc/λ₂
hc/λ = hc(1/λ₁ + 1/λ₂)
1/λ = 1/λ₁ + 1/λ₂
where,
λ = wavelength of combined photon = ?
λ₁ = wavelength of 1st photon = 853 nm = 8.53 x 10⁻⁷ m
λ₂ = wavelength of 2nd photon = 935 nm = 9.35 x 10⁻⁷ m
Therefore,
1/λ = 1/(8.53 x 10⁻⁷ m) + (9.35 x 10⁻⁷ m)
1/λ = (0.1172 x 10⁷ m⁻¹) + (0.1069 x 10⁷ m)
1/λ = 0.2241 x 10⁷ m⁻¹
λ = 1/(0.2241 x 10⁷ m⁻¹)
λ = 4.46 x 10⁻⁷ m = 446 nm
Answer:
446
Explanation:
The negatively charged subatomic particles that are located in the electron cloud are called
(10 Points)
protons
electrons
neutrons
nucleus
Answers
In the following reaction: Mg + 2HCl → MgCl2 + H2 How many liters of H2 would be produced if you started with 24.3 g of Mg?
Answers
Answer:
22.4 L H2
Explanation:
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Question 4 of 30
Scientific research shows that Earth's climate is changing due to human
activities. How can scientific research on climate change help society?
A. It can help us stop storms before they occur.
B. It can help us find a new way to make more water.
C. It can help us track how quickly elements of the climate are
changing
D. It can help us reverse the effects of climate change.
th
Answers
C. It can help us track how quickly element of the climate are changing
Find the amount of heat energy needed to convert 400 grams of ice at -38°C to steam at 160°C.
Group of answer choices
A. 246840 Joules
B. 159984 Joules
C. 331056 Joules
D. 1284440 Joules
Answers
The amount of heat energy needed to convert 400 g of ice at -38 °C to steam at 160 °C is 1.28×10⁶ J (Option D)
How to determine the heat required change the temperature from –38 °C to 0 °C Mass (M) = 400 g = 400 / 1000 = 0.4 KgInitial temperature (T₁) = –25 °C Final temperature (T₂) = 0 °Change in temperature (ΔT) = 0 – (–38) = 38 °C Specific heat capacity (C) = 2050 J/(kg·°C)Heat (Q₁) =?Q = MCΔT
Q₁ = 0.4 × 2050 × 38
Q₁ = 31160 J
How to determine the heat required to melt the ice at 0 °CMass (m) = 0.4 KgLatent heat of fusion (L) = 334 KJ/Kg = 334 × 1000 = 334000 J/KgHeat (Q₂) =?Q = mL
Q₂ = 0.4 × 334000
Q₂ = 133600 J
How to determine the heat required to change the temperature from 0 °C to 100 °C Mass (M) = 0.4 KgInitial temperature (T₁) = 0 °C Final temperature (T₂) = 100 °CChange in temperature (ΔT) = 100 – 0 = 100 °C Specific heat capacity (C) = 4180 J/(kg·°C)Heat (Q₃) =?Q = MCΔT
Q₃ = 0.4 × 4180 × 100
Q₃ = 167200 J
How to determine the heat required to vaporize the water at 100 °CMass (m) = 0.4 KgLatent heat of vaporisation (Hv) = 2260 KJ/Kg = 2260 × 1000 = 2260000 J/KgHeat (Q₄) =?Q = mHv
Q₄ = 0.4 × 2260000
Q₄ = 904000 J
How to determine the heat required to change the temperature from 100 °C to 160 °C Mass (M) = 0.4 KgInitial temperature (T₁) = 100 °C Final temperature (T₂) = 160 °CChange in temperature (ΔT) = 160 – 100 = 60 °C Specific heat capacity (C) = 1996 J/(kg·°C) Heat (Q₅) =?Q = MCΔT
Q₅ = 0.4 × 1996 × 60
Q₅ = 47904 J
How to determine the heat required to change the temperature from –38 °C to 160 °CHeat for –38 °C to 0°C (Q₁) = 31160 JHeat for melting (Q₂) = 133600 JHeat for 0 °C to 100 °C (Q₃) = 167200 JHeat for vaporization (Q₄) = 904000 JHeat for 100 °C to 160 °C (Q₅) = 47904 JHeat for –38 °C to 160 °C (Qₜ) =?Qₜ = Q₁ + Q₂ + Q₃ + Q₄ + Q₅
Qₜ = 31160 + 133600 + 167200 + 904000 + 47904
Qₜ = 1.28×10⁶ J
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Use this data to rank the following solutions in order of increasing pH. In other words, select a ' 1 ' next to the solution that will have the lowest pH, a ' 2 ' next to the solution that will have the next lowest pH, and so on.
Consider the following data on some weak acids and weak bases acid base name formula name formula 3 11.8x10-5 methylamine CH3NH24.4 x 104 hydrofluoric acidH 6.8 x 10 ammoniaNH nitrous acidHNO x 10 Use this data to rank the following solutions in order of increasing pH. In other words, select a '1' next to the solution that will have the lowest pH, a '2' next to the solution that will have the next lowest pH, and so on solution pH Vchoose one 1 (lowest) 0.1 M NaCI 0.1 M NaF 4 (highest) 0.1 M KN02 0.1 M NH4CI choose one
Answers
Answer:
Step-by-Step Explanation:
The principal rules include:
a) Bases contains higher pH compared to acids
b) The stronger acid contains reduced pH.
c) Stronger acid contains higher Ka. Hence, acids possessing higher Ka contain lower pH.
d) Stronger base contains higher Kb. Hence, bases possessing higher Kb contain higher pH.
Combining all these rules and putting them into action; in order of increasing pH, we have:
HF (1); HNO2 (2); NH3 (3); CH3NH2 (4)
For the second part:
a) NaCl occurs to be the salt of both strong acid & strong base. For that reason, it is a neutral salt with a pH of 7.0
b) NaF is a basic salt because, it serves as salt of strong base as seen in NaOH and that of a weak acid(e.g HF).
However, it produces Na^+ & F^- ions when it exist in solution.
where;
F^- = strong conjugate base for a weak acid HF.
Thus, the Kb of \(F^-\) = \(\dfrac{10^{-14} }{6.8 \times 10^{-4}}\) = \(1.47 \times 10^{-11}\)
Now, the \([OH^-]\) in 0.1 M of NaF solution = \((0.1 \times 1.47 \times 10^{-11} ) 0.5\)
\(= 1.21 \times 10^{-6} \ M\)
\(pOH = -log [OH^-]\)
\(pOH = -log (1.21 \times 10^{-6} )\)
\(pOH = 5.92 \\ \\ pH = 14 - pOH \\ \\ pH = 14 - 5.92 \\ \\ \mathbf{pH = 8.08}\)
c) \(KNO_2\) occurs to be a basic salt because it is a salt of both strong base (KOH) and a weak acid \((HNO_2).\)
yields in solution.
Kb of \(NO^{2-}\) =\(\dfrac{10^{-14}}{(4.5 \times 10^{-4})}\) = \(2.2 \times 10^{-11}\)
Now, the \([OH^-]\) in 0.1 M of \(KNO_2\) solution = \((0.1 \times 2.22 \times 10^{-11})\times 0.5\)
\(= 1.49 \times 10^{-6} \ M\)
\(pOH = -log[OH^-]\)
\(pOH = -log (1.49 \times 10^{-6} )\)
\(pOH = 5.83\\ \\ pH = 14 - pOH \\ \\ pH = 14 - 5.83 \\ \\ \mathbf{pH = 8.17}\)
d)
NH_4Cl occurs to be an acidic salt because it is a salt of both weak base and a strong acid (HCl)
NH_4Cl yields \(NH_4^+\) and \(Cl^-\) when present in a solution.
Ka of \(NH_4^+\) = \(\dfrac{10^{-14}}{1.8 \times 10^{-5}}\)
\(= 5.56 \times 10^{-10}\)
Now, the \([H^+] = (0.1 \times 5.56 \times 10^{-10}) 0.5\)
\(= 7.45 \times 10^{-6}\)
\(\mathbf{= 5.12}\)
Thus, the order of the pH is:
NH_4Cl (1); NaCl (2); NaF (3); KNO_2 (4)
1. For the reaction: CH3CO₂H(1) → CH4(g) + CO₂(g)
a. Calculate the entropy, enthalpy and free energy change for the reaction under standard conditions.
b. Calculate the minimum temperature (°C) at which the reaction is spontaneous.
c. Calculate the equilibrium constant at standard conditions.
Answers
To calculate the entropy (ΔS), enthalpy (ΔH), and free energy change (ΔG) for the reaction under standard conditions, we can use the given values:
ΔH = ΣH(products) - ΣH(reactants)
= (-74.8 kJ/mol + 0 kJ/mol) - (-487.0 kJ/mol)
= 412.2 kJ/mol
ΔS = ΣS(products) - ΣS(reactants)
= (213.6 J/(mol K) + 0 J/(mol K)) - (159.8 J/(mol K))
= 53.8 J/(mol K)
ΔG = ΔH - TΔS
= 412.2 kJ/mol - (298 K) * (53.8 J/(mol K) / (1000 J/kJ))
= 412.2 kJ/mol - 16.0 kJ/mol
= 396.2 kJ/mol
Therefore, under standard conditions, the values for the reaction are:
ΔH = 412.2 kJ/mol
ΔS = 53.8 J/(mol K)
ΔG = 396.2 kJ/mol
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Why are some chemical substances, like oil and coal, considered nonrenewable?
the process that forms them stops working after a decade
the process that forms them has not worked for millions of years
the process that forms them is very fast
the process that forms them is very slow
Answers
Answer:
The process of the formation of coal and oil is a very gradual and slow process.
Explanation:
The process of the formation of coal and oil is a very gradual process that takes up to millions of years.